1992 Wellington Central by-election

1992 Wellington Central by-election
Turnout	15,644 (63.30%)
	Wellington Central electorate boundaries used for the by-election
Member before election; Fran Wilde; Labour	Elected Member ; Chris Laidlaw; Labour

The 1992 Wellington Central by-election was a by-election held in the Wellington Central electorate during the 43rd New Zealand Parliament, on 12 December 1992. It was caused by the resignation of incumbent MP Fran Wilde after her election as mayor of Wellington and was won by Chris Laidlaw with a majority of 855.^[1]

Background and candidates

Alliance

The Green Party candidate from the previous election, Stephen Rainbow said he would not contest the seat again as he was opposed to the Green Party's decision to join the Alliance.^[2] As the Green Party vote was significantly higher than both NewLabour and the Democrat parties combined, a Green candidate was viewed as the Alliance's best route to gaining the seat. There were rumours that Rainbow would instead be approached by Labour (which he was formerly a member of) to stand for them. A Labour official downplayed the rumour but did not rule out the possibility. Rainbow himself said he had no official approach from Labour and stated in any event he wished to concentrate on his role as a Wellington City Councillor.^[3]

Green Party city councillor Sue Kedgley was approached to stand, but she declined.^[2] Karen Roper, a policy manager at the Public Service Association was also contacted for nomination. She had previously contested the Wellington Central seat in the 1978 general election for the Values Party.^[4]^[5] Another former Values Party candidate, New Zealand Listener writer Denis Welch, was ultimately chosen as the Alliance candidate over Roper. Welch contested Miramar, also in the 1978 general election.^[6]

Labour

Although Labour were gaining ground in opinion polls, the party was cautious on the heels of the recent Tamaki by-election where their candidate finished a distant third. Leader Mike Moore said that the quality of the candidates would be "absolutely crucial" to deciding the outcome.^[2] Labour's candidate in the Tamaki by-election, Verna Smith, was "interested" in standing though decided to put her efforts into winning the candidacy for Titirangi in the lead up to the 1993 general election.^[2] Past President of the Public Service Association, Sue Piper contemplated standing.^[2] Former All Black Chris Laidlaw expressed his interest in standing for the seat immediately. He then held the position of New Zealand's Race Relations Conciliator.^[2]^[7] Frances Denz, a business skills adviser who unsuccessfully sought nomination in Dunedin North in 1990 put herself forward for the nomination.^[8] Two radio journalists, Sharon Crosbie and Barry Soper, were approached by Labour to stand in the seat with Soper rebuffing the offer and Crosbie not responding.^[9] Neil Gray, an operations manager at the Housing New Zealand Corporation, then declared his intentions to stand in the seat.^[10] Laidlaw ultimately won the selection over Denz and Gray.^[11]

National

National's candidate from the 1990 general election Pauline Gardiner (who lost by only 246 votes) announced she intended to stand again for the seat.^[2] The other nomination for the National candidacy was British-born Barbara Stones, a nursing lecturer at Wellington Polytechnic^[5] Another ex-All Black, David Kirk, was approached by National to stand for the seat, though he declined nomination.^[5] Wellington City Councillor Rex Nicholls, who regained a seat on the council in 1992 after failing to win the Mayoralty in 1989, also considered standing. His main concern was whether he could do two jobs at once as he did not want to force a council by-election should he win the seat.^[12] Another city councillor, Kerry Prendergast, ruled out seeking the nomination but stated national politics were a future possibility.^[8] Nicholls did not stand and former Wellington Regional Councillor Mike Gibson (alongside Gardiner and Stones) were the three candidates for the nomination with Gardiner gaining selection.^[13]

Others

Lawyer David Stevenson announced his candidature as an independent and would campaign against the extravagant superannuation payments for MPs. Stevenson had previously been a National member but resigned in 1990 after an expose by the programme Frontline which showed large business donations being behind the party. Prior, while still a member, he had sought National's nomination in Wellington Central, but lost to Gardiner.^[14]

The McGillicuddy Serious Party initially announced they would contest the by-election. They selected Tony Greer, a poet, as their candidate. Greer had made news in 1991 when he stole a delphinium plant from the home of social welfare minister Jenny Shipley's home as an act of protest against benefit cuts for which he was fined $286. Greer had just recently stood at the Christchurch mayoral election.^[14]

Polling

The first poll conducted was before candidate selections were officially announced.^[15]

Poll	Date^{[nb 1]}	Pauline Gardiner	Chris Laidlaw	Denis Welch
Poll	Date^{[nb 1]}
ONE News-Heylen	17 October 1992	32	38	30

^ These are the survey dates of the poll, or if the survey dates are not stated, the date the poll was released.

Previous election

1990 general election: Wellington Central^[16]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Fran Wilde	9,069	41.39	−13.15
	National	Pauline Gardiner	8,823	40.26
	Green	Stephen Rainbow	3,164	14.45
	NewLabour	Jeff Montgomery	604	2.76
	McGillicuddy Serious	P P Clarke	175	0.80
	Democrats	R Henderson	49	0.22
	Communist League	Janet Roth	29	0.13
Majority			246	1.12	−20.55
Turnout			21,913	88.67	−1.43
Registered electors			24,714

Results

The following table gives the election results:

1992 Wellington Central by-election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Chris Laidlaw	6,075	38.83	−2.55
	National	Pauline Gardiner	5,220	33.37	−6.90
	Alliance	Denis Welch	3,407	21.78	+4.36¹
	Independent	David Stevenson	389	2.49
	Natural Law	Ian Douglas	263	1.68
	Christian Heritage	Wayne Chapman	154	0.98
	Independent	Tim Shadbolt	64	0.41
	Wizard Party	Tony Catford	40	0.26
	Values	John Carter	17	0.11
	Communist League	Felicty Coggan	14	0.09
	Christ's Ambassadors Union	Victor Bryers	1	0.01
Majority			855	5.47	+4.34
Turnout			15,644	63.30²	−25.37²
	Labour hold		Swing

¹ Alliance vote change from 3,817 combined vote for Green Party, NewLabour and Democrats in 1990 election.

² Based on 1990 election figures.

Notes

^ "By-election Special". The Evening Post. 14 December 1992. pp. 23–24.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Collins, Simon (12 October 1992). "Mayoral win opens up byelection". The New Zealand Herald. p. 1.
^ Edwards, Brent (13 October 1992). "Rainbow tipped as Labour possibility". The Evening Post. p. 3.
^ Norton 1988, pp. 387.
^ ^a ^b ^c Orsman, Bernard (13 October 1992). "Candidates sought for affluent voters". The New Zealand Herald. p. 2.
^ O'Leary, Eileen (19 October 1992). "Alliance candidate eyes Green, Maori and feminist style". The Evening Post. p. 3.
^ Orsman, Bernard (14 October 1992). "Laidlaw tests the wind". The New Zealand Herald. p. 5.
^ ^a ^b "Welch sets sights on Wgtn seat". The Evening Post. 17 October 1992. p. 1.
^ "Soper rejects by-election bid". The Evening Post. 19 October 1992. p. 1.
^ Edwards, Brent (20 October 1992). "Housing boss eyes nomination". The Evening Post. p. 3.
^ O'Leary, Eileen (30 October 1992). "Laidlaw to restore balance". The Evening Post. p. 3.
^ O'Leary, Eileen (16 October 1992). "Nicholls's sights on Parliament". The Evening Post. p. 14.
^ Foley, Roger (30 October 1992). "By-election 'not a litmus test'". The Evening Post. p. 3.
^ ^a ^b O'Leary, Eileen (30 October 1992). "By-election candidate focuses on party funding". The Evening Post. p. 1.
^ "Labour ahead in Wgtn Central". The Evening Post. 21 October 1992. p. 5.
^ Part 1: Votes recorded at each polling place (Technical report). New Zealand Chief Electoral Office. 1990.

References

Norton, Clifford (1988). New Zealand Parliamentary Election Results 1946–1987: Occasional Publications No 1, Department of Political Science. Wellington: Victoria University of Wellington. ISBN 0-475-11200-8.

[dates-16] These are the survey dates of the poll, or if the survey dates are not stated, the date the poll was released.

[By-election_Special-1] "By-election Special". The Evening Post. 14 December 1992. pp. 23–24.

[Mayoral_win-2] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Collins, Simon (12 October 1992). "Mayoral win opens up byelection". The New Zealand Herald. p. 1.

[Rainbow-3] Edwards, Brent (13 October 1992). "Rainbow tipped as Labour possibility". The Evening Post. p. 3.

[FOOTNOTENorton1988387-4] Norton 1988, pp. 387.

[Candidates-5] Orsman, Bernard (13 October 1992). "Candidates sought for affluent voters". The New Zealand Herald. p. 2.

[Alliance_candidate-6] O'Leary, Eileen (19 October 1992). "Alliance candidate eyes Green, Maori and feminist style". The Evening Post. p. 3.

[Wind-7] Orsman, Bernard (14 October 1992). "Laidlaw tests the wind". The New Zealand Herald. p. 5.

[Welch-8] "Welch sets sights on Wgtn seat". The Evening Post. 17 October 1992. p. 1.

[Soper-9] "Soper rejects by-election bid". The Evening Post. 19 October 1992. p. 1.

[10] Edwards, Brent (20 October 1992). "Housing boss eyes nomination". The Evening Post. p. 3.

[Laidlaw-11] O'Leary, Eileen (30 October 1992). "Laidlaw to restore balance". The Evening Post. p. 3.

[Nicholls-12] O'Leary, Eileen (16 October 1992). "Nicholls's sights on Parliament". The Evening Post. p. 14.

[Litmus_Test-13] Foley, Roger (30 October 1992). "By-election 'not a litmus test'". The Evening Post. p. 3.

[funding-14] O'Leary, Eileen (30 October 1992). "By-election candidate focuses on party funding". The Evening Post. p. 1.

[15] "Labour ahead in Wgtn Central". The Evening Post. 21 October 1992. p. 5.

[17] Part 1: Votes recorded at each polling place (Technical report). New Zealand Chief Electoral Office. 1990.

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26th Parliament	Christchurch South, 1939 Auckland West, 1940 Waipawa, 1940 Waitemata, 1941 Bay of Plenty, 1941 Mid-Canterbury, 1942 Temuka, 1942 Hauraki, 1942 Christchurch East, 1943 Northern Maori, 1943
27th Parliament	Awarua, 1944 Western Maori, 1945 Hamilton, 1945 Dunedin North, 1945 Raglan, 1946
28th Parliament	Avon, 1947 Mount Albert, 1947 Westland, 1947
29th Parliament	Brooklyn, 1951
30th Parliament	Dunedin North, 1953 Onehunga, 1953 Onslow, 1954 Patea, 1954
31st Parliament	Riccarton, 1956 Bay of Plenty, 1957
32nd Parliament	Hamilton, 1959
33rd Parliament	Hurunui, 1961 Waitaki, 1962 Buller, 1962 Timaru, 1962 Otahuhu, 1963 Northern Maori, 1963 Grey Lynn, 1963
34th Parliament	There were no by-elections during the term of the 34th Parliament.
35th Parliament	Southern Maori, 1967 Fendalton, 1967 Petone, 1967 Palmerston North, 1967 Eastern Maori, 1967 Hutt, 1968
36th Parliament	Marlborough, 1970
37th Parliament	Sydenham, 1974
38th Parliament	Nelson, 1976 Mangere, 1977 Pahiatua, 1977 Rangitikei, 1978
39th Parliament	Christchurch Central, 1979 Northern Maori, 1980 Onehunga, 1980 East Coast Bays, 1980
40th Parliament	There were no by-elections during the term of the 40th Parliament.
41st Parliament	Timaru, 1985
42nd Parliament	There were no by-elections during the term of the 42nd Parliament.
43rd Parliament	Tamaki, 1992 Wellington Central, 1992 Tauranga, 1993
44th Parliament	Selwyn, 1994