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18th Cavalry (India)

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18th Cavalry
Active1842; 182 years ago (1842)
1921; 103 years ago (1921) (as 18th Cavalry)–present
CountryIndia
Allegiance British India (1921-1947)
 Dominion of India (1947-1950)
 India (1950-)
Branch British Indian Army (1921-1947)
Indian Army (1947-)
TypeCavalry
SizeRegiment
Part ofIndian Army Armoured Corps
Motto(s)साहस और सम्मान
Saahas Aur Samman (Courage and honour)
Main battle tankT-72
EngagementsGwalior campaign
First Anglo-Sikh War
Third Ango-Burmese War
1882 Anglo-Egyptian War
First World War
Second Mohmand Campaign
Second World War
Indo-Pakistani War of 1965
Indo-Pakistani War of 1971
Battle honoursPunniar
Moodkee
Ferozeshah
Sobraon
Egypt 1882
Tel-El-Kebir
Punjab Frontier
Commanders
Colonel of
the Regiment		Maj Gen Jagatbir Singh, VSM[1]

The 18th Cavalry is an armoured regiment of the armoured corps of the Indian Army. The regiment was created in 1921 through the amalgamation of the 7th Hariana Lancers and 6th King Edward's Own Cavalry.[2]

Formation

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The regiment was formed in 1921 by the amalgamation of the 6th King Edward's Own Cavalry and the 7th Hariana Lancers to form the 6th/7th Cavalry. This designation was quickly changed in 1922 to 18th King Edward's Own Cavalry.[3]

These two regiments themselves had undergone many changes:[citation needed]

  • 6th King Edward's Own Cavalry : 1842 – raised at Fatehgarh as 8th Regiment of Bengal Irregular Cavalry, 1861 – 6th Regiment of Bengal Cavalry, 1883 – 6th (The Prince of Wales's) Regiment of Bengal Cavalry, 1901 – 6th (Prince of Wales's) Bengal Cavalry, 1903 – 6th Prince of Wales's Cavalry, 1906 – 6th King Edward's Own Cavalry.
  • 7th Hariana Lancers : 1846 – raised at Cawnpore and Meerut as 16th Regiment of Bengal Irregular Cavalry, 1847 – 17th Regiment Bengal Irregular Cavalry, 1861 – 7th Regiment of Bengal Cavalry, 1900 – 7th Regiment of Bengal Lancers, 1901 – 7th Bengal Lancers, 1903 – 7th Lancers, 1904 – 7th Hariana Lancers.

The composition of the regiment after the amalgamation in 1921 consisted of Kaimkhanis, Rajputana Rajputs, and Jats.[4] The present class composition is of Jats from Uttar Pradesh, Haryana and Rajasthan; Rajputs from Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, and Rajasthan and Hindustani Mussalmans from all over India, but mainly from Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal.

7th Bengal Cavalry (from DeGolyer Library, Southern Methodist University)

In 1936, the unit was renamed 18th King Edward VII's Own Cavalry when Edward VIII was expected to ascended the throne to make clear it was named for King Edward VII. In 1940 it became the second to last cavalry regiment to be mechanised, leaving only the 17th Queen Victoria's Own Poona Horse still mounted on horses (though it too would be mechanised a month later).[citation needed]

Military operations between 1921 and 1939

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The regiment, while still mounted cavalry, took part in the August to September 1933 Mohmand and Bajaur operations and the July to October 1935 Loe-Agra and Mohmand operations. The 1935 operations was to suppress the Mohmands, north of the Khyber Pass, after their raiding on the plains and attacks on road construction parties. The campaign witnessed a night operation to capture the heights around the Nahakki Pass.[5]

Second World War

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An Indian Pattern Carrier Mk IIA named 'Dhar IV', North Africa, 10 April 1942 of the type used by 3rd Indian Motor Brigade.

In December 1940, during the Second World War, the regiment was mechanised. It formed part of the 3rd Indian Motor Brigade, which was initially part of the 1st Indian Armoured Division.[6]

The brigade was detached from the division, and dispatched to Egypt in late January 1941, along with its units including the 18th King Edward's Own Cavalry. The regiment then served in the Western Desert campaign. The regiment, and the brigade, were attached to a number of different formations that included the 2nd Armoured Division, the 7th Armoured Division, and the 9th Australian Division who they were with during the Siege of Tobruk.[6] The regiment also supplied men for the Indian Long Range Squadron. The brigade was later overrun by the Italians during the Battle of Gazala, and took some days to reform. After the brigade re-formed, the regiment was equipped as follows: Cavalry Carrier - 2 x Reconnaissance Squadron, 1 x AT Squadron.[7][8][9]

On 30 June, the brigade was ordered to hand over 50 per cent of its vehicles to the Eighth Army, and was dispersed; the regiment was allotted to the defence of the Nile Delta and guard duties. In August, the brigade re-formed and was allocated the regiment. It travelled overland to Sahneh, in Persia via Baghdad, and was placed under the command of the 31st Indian Armoured Division (formally the 1st Indian Armoured Division). In late November it then moved to Shaibah, 7 miles (11 kilometres) from Basra. From here the regiment returned to India in January 1943, and the brigade was reconstituted as the 43rd Indian Infantry Brigade (Lorried) at Shaibah at the end of January 1943. In the middle of the year, the regiment moved to Rawalpindi and commenced conversion to a light cruiser regiment, which was successfully completed by the end of the year.[10] The regiment was split up after that, and elements were serving in different parts of India when the Japanese surrender came in August 1945.

18th King Edward's Own Cavalry won the following gallantry awards during the Second World War:[11][12]

Post Independence changes

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When India was partitioned in 1947 and the Indian Army split between the new created states of India and Pakistan, the 18th King Edward's Own Cavalry was allocated to India.

When India became a republic in 1950, the regiment's title was changed to that of 18th Cavalry.

Operations in independent India

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The then Commandant, Lieutenant Colonel Hari Singh Deora with a destroyed Pakistani Sherman tank during the 1965 Indo-Pakistani War.

Indo-Pakistani War of 1965

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During the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, the regiment fought a series of isolated armour battles as part of the 1st Armoured Division in the approaches to Sialkot.[13] They left behind 29 destroyed enemy tanks, and Naib Risaldar Mohd. Ayub Khan was awarded the Vir Chakra.[14] Seven were mentioned in despatches.[15]

Indo-Pakistani War of 1971

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During the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, the regiment saw action in the Fazilka sector. Naib Risaldar Noor Mohammed Khan was awarded the Vir Chakra.[16]

Other operations

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The regiment has participated in Operation Vijay, Operation Parakram, and undertaken counter-insurgency operations in Jammu and Kashmir, where it was awarded the GOC-in-C (Northern Command) Unit Citation.[citation needed]

Battle honours

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1991 postage stamp

The regiment was awarded the following battle honours:[17][18]

Awarded to 6th King Edward's Own Cavalry

Punniar, Moodkee, Ferozeshah, Sobraon, Egypt 1882, Tel-el-Kebir, Punjab Frontier[19]

Awarded to 7th Hariana Lancers

Punjaub, Burma 1885–87[20]

First World War

Awarded in 1926 for services of predecessor regiments
Somme 1916, Morval, Cambrai 1917, France and Flanders 1914–18, Megiddo, Sharon, Damascus, Palestine 1918, Shaiba, Kut-al-Amara 1915, Ctesiphon, Tigris 1916, Mesopotamia 1915–16

Second World War

El Mechili[broken anchor], Defence of Tobruk, The Kennels, North Africa 1940–43

Independent India

Jammu and Kashmir 1965, Tilkapur-Muhadipur, Punjab 1965.

President’s Standards

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The Chief of Army Staff, General Dalbir Singh presenting the President's 'Standard' to 18 Cavalry, in Amritsar on 7 March 2016

The President of India, Neelam Sanjiva Reddy presented a guidon to the regiment at Amritsar on 26 March 1980.[citation needed]

On 7 March 2016, the regiment was presented the President's Standards at Amritsar by General Dalbir Singh, Chief of the Army Staff, on behalf of the President of India, Mr Pranab Mukherjee.[2][21]

Equipment

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The regiment shed its horses and was converted to a motorised cavalry regiment equipped with anti-tank guns in 1940. This gave way to tanks in 1943 with the introduction of the Stuart tanks. They were succeeded by the Sherman tanks in 1946, the T-54s in 1966, and finally the T-72s in 1983.[10]

Regimental insignia

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The current regimental insignia consists of crossed lances with pennons. Each of the pennons have scrolls with the words सत्यमेव (Satyameva) and जयते (Jayate). Satyameva Jayate translates to 'Truth alone triumphs'. The crossed lances are overlaid with the numeral '18' mounted by the Ashoka Lion Capital and a scroll at the base with the words 'Cavalry'.[22]

The motto of the regiment is साहस और सम्मान (Saahas Aur Samman), which translates to 'Courage and honour'.[citation needed]

Notable personnel

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References

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  1. ^ "Gazette of India, No 44" (PDF). eGazette.gov.in. 3 November 2018. Retrieved 12 January 2021.
  2. ^ a b Sharma, Parvesh (16 March 2016). "The COAS Presents Standard to 18 Cavalry". Sainiksamachar.nic.in. Archived from the original on 3 April 2019. Retrieved 12 January 2021.
  3. ^ "Cap badge, officer, 18th King Edward's Own Cavalry, 1930-1947". NAM.ac.uk. National Army Museum. 20 October 2013. Retrieved 5 June 2023.
  4. ^ The Indian Army List, July -1940. Defence Department, Government of India. 1940. p. 675.
  5. ^ Sandhu, Gurcharan Singh (1991). I serve (Ich dien): saga of the Eighteenth Cavalry. Lancer International, (original from the University of California) digitised 4 Sep 2008. ISBN 81-7062-104-6., ISBN 978-81-7062-104-1
  6. ^ a b "mod.nic". Archived from the original on 4 April 2008. Retrieved 6 July 2008.
  7. ^ Mackenzie (1951), p. 71
  8. ^ "Axisforam". forum.AxisHistory.com. Retrieved 6 July 2008.[unreliable source]
  9. ^ "Rothwell". Rothwell.force9.co.uk. Retrieved 6 July 2008.
  10. ^ a b "18th Cavalry 150 years commemorative stamp". istampgallery.com. Retrieved 12 January 2021.
  11. ^ The Tiger Strikes. Director of Public Relations, India Command, Government of India. 1942. p. 148.
  12. ^ The Tiger Kills. Director of Public Relations, India Command, Government of India. 1944. pp. 311–312.
  13. ^ "1965 War: A Tale of War and Three Brothers". OpenTheMagazine.com. 25 August 2015. Retrieved 12 January 2021.
  14. ^ "Nb Ris Mohammed Ayyub Khan VrC". GallantryAwards.gov.in. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
  15. ^ "Gazette of India, No 45" (PDF). eGazette.gov.in. 5 November 1966. Retrieved 12 January 2021.
  16. ^ "Nb Ris Noor Mohammad Khan, VrC". GallantryAwards.gov.in. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
  17. ^ Mills, T.F. "18th King Edward VII's Own Cavalry". Regiments.org. Archived from the original on 20 April 2007. Retrieved 16 July 2015.
  18. ^ The Indian Army List, July 1940. Defence Department, Government of India. 1940. p. 675.
  19. ^ Mills, T.F. "6th King Edward's Own Cavalry". Regiments.org. Archived from the original on 16 August 2007. Retrieved 16 July 2015.
  20. ^ Mills, T.F. "7th Hariana Lancers". Regiments.org. Archived from the original on 18 April 2007. Retrieved 16 July 2015.
  21. ^ "Army chief presents President's Standard to 18 Cavalry in Amritsar". HindustanTimes.com. Hindustan Times. 8 March 2016. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
  22. ^ "18 Cavalry regimental insignia". Bharat-Rakshak.com. Retrieved 12 January 2021.
  23. ^ "Gazette of India, No 45" (PDF). eGazette.gov.in. 5 November 1966. Retrieved 12 January 2021.
  24. ^ "India-China Standoff: Gearing up for Ladkah's winter, Indian army gets ready to meet challenges of nature". FinancialExpress.com. 7 September 2020. Retrieved 12 January 2021.
  25. ^ "Maj. Gen. Gurcharan Singh Sandhu, PVSM (Retd)". TimesOfIndia.IndiaTimes.com. The Times of India. 27 April 2011. Retrieved 12 January 2021.
  26. ^ "The 1965 Indo-Pak War: Brigadier Hari Singh Deora, AVSM". Bharat-Rakshak.com. Retrieved 12 January 2021.
  27. ^ "Ayub Khan, the war hero who became an MP". Rediff.com. 28 September 2015. Retrieved 13 January 2021.

Further reading

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  • Kempton, C (1996). A Register of Titles of the Units of the H.E.I.C. & Indian Armies 1666–1947. Bristol: British Empire & Commonwealth Museum. ISBN 978-0-9530174-0-9.
  • Gaylor, J (1992). Sons of John Company: The Indian and Pakistan Armies 1903–1991. Stroud: Spellmount Publishers Ltd. ISBN 978-0-946771-98-1.
  • Harris, R.G. Bengal Cavalry Regiments 1857–1914. Christopher Warner. ISBN 978-0-85045-308-9.
  • Sandhu, Gurcharan Singh (1991). I serve (Ich dien): saga of the Eighteenth Cavalry. Lancer International, (original from the University of California) digitised 4 Sep 2008. ISBN 81-7062-104-6., ISBN 978-81-7062-104-1
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