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1. FC Nürnberg
Full name1. Fußball-Club Nürnberg Verein für Leibesübungen e. V.
Nickname(s)Der Club (The Club)
Die Legende (The Legend)
Der Ruhmreiche (The Glorious)
Der Altmeister (The Old Master)
Short name1. FCN, FCN
Founded4 May 1900; 124 years ago (1900-05-04)
GroundMax-Morlock-Stadion
Capacity50,000
Board memberJoti Chatzialexiou (sport)
Niels Rossow (commercial)
Head coachMiroslav Klose
League2. Bundesliga
2023–242. Bundesliga, 12th of 18
Websitehttp://www.fcn.de/home/
Current season

1. Fußball-Club Nürnberg Verein für Leibesübungen e. V., often called 1. FC Nürnberg (German pronunciation: [ɛfˌtseː ˈnʏʁnbɛʁk], English: 1. Football Club Nuremberg), is a German sports club based in Nuremberg, Bavaria. It is best known for its men's football team, who currently compete in the 2. Bundesliga. Founded in 1900, the club initially competed in the Southern German championship, winning their first title in 1916. Their first German championship was won in 1920. Before the inauguration of the Bundesliga in 1963, 1. FCN won a further 11 regional championships, including the Oberliga Süd formed in 1945, and were German champions another seven times. The club has won the Bundesliga once and the DFB-Pokal four times.

Since 1963, the club has played their home games at the Max-Morlock-Stadion in Nuremberg. Today's club has sections for boxing, handball, hockey (inline skater hockey and ice hockey), rollerblading and ice skating, swimming, skiing, and tennis.

Nürnberg hold the joint record for promotions from the various second divisions to the Bundesliga at 8 with Arminia Bielefeld. Owing to its status as a founding member of the Bundesliga while Bielefeld was not, however, Nürnberg's consequent nine relegations from the top tier are a record by itself.[1]

History

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Rise of "Der Club"

[edit]
Team from 1902
First match against FC Bayern Munich 1901

1. FC Nürnberg was founded on 4 May 1900 by a group of 18 young men who had gathered at local pub Burenhütte to assemble a side committed to playing football rather than rugby, one of the other new "English" games becoming popular at the time. By 1909, the team was playing well enough to lay claim to[tone] the South German championship. After World War I, Nürnberg would gradually turn their success into the dominance of the country's football.[vague] In the period from July 1918 to February 1922, the team would go unbeaten in 104 official matches. As early as 1919, they came to be referred to[by whom?] simply as "Der Club" in recognition of their skill and of their style on and off the field[according to whom?] and would go on to become one of the nation's most widely recognized and popular[according to whom?] teams.

Nürnberg faced SpVgg Fürth in the first national championship held after the end of World War I, beating the defending champions 2–0. That would be the first of five titles Der Club would capture[tone] over the course of eight years. In each of those wins, they would shutout their opponents.

The 1922 final was contested by Nürnberg and Hamburger SV but never reached a conclusion on the pitch. The match was called on account of darkness after three hours and ten minutes of play, drawn at 2–2. The re-match also went into extra time, and in an era that did not allow for substitutions, that game was called at 1–1 when Nürnberg was reduced to just seven players and the referee ruled incorrectly the club could not continue. Considerable wrangling ensued[vague] over the decision. The German Football Association (DFB) awarded the win to Hamburger SV under the condition that they renounce the title in the name of "good sportsmanship" – which the side grudgingly[according to whom?] did. Ultimately, the Viktoria trophy was not officially presented that year.

After the glory years

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1. FCN's dominance was already beginning to fade when they captured their final trophy of the era in 1927 as the game began to evolve into a more quickly paced contest which did not suit their slower, more deliberate approach.[vague] While they continued to field strong sides,[according to whom?] other clubs rose to the forefront[tone] of German football. In 1934, they lost in the final to Schalke 04, a club that would go on to become the strongest side in the era of football in Nazi Germany. Nürnberg won national titles just before and after World War II in 1936 and 1948 in the first post-war national final, and would also take the Tschammerpokal, the forerunner of today's DFB-Pokal, in 1935 and 1939.

Into the modern era

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Historical chart of Nürnberg league performance

The post-war period began with the club being integrated into the Oberliga Süd, one of the five top divisions in West-Germany at the time. Nürnberg managed to[vague] win this league six times until 1963, winning the national championship in 1948. In 1961, 1. FCN captured their eighth national title and appeared in a losing effort in the following year's final. Some consolation was to be had[by whom?] in the team capturing its second DFB-Pokal in 1962. The club's strong play made it an obvious choice[according to whom?] to be amongst the 16 teams selected to participate in the Bundesliga, Germany's new professional football league, formed in 1963. Der Club played as a mid-table side through the league's early years until putting on a dominating performance[according to whom?] in 1968 in which it sat atop the league table from the fifth week of play on to the end of the season, en route to its first Bundesliga title. It went on to become the first club to be relegated from the Bundesliga as the reigning champions.[2] This was a result of Max Merkel's decision to remove his championship-winning team of veterans – believing that they were too old – in favour of a dozen newcomers.

It would take the club nine years to recover and return from an exile[tone] in the second tier, first the Regionalliga Süd, then the 2. Bundesliga Süd, that included several failed efforts in the promotion rounds. 1. FCN returned to the Bundesliga for a year in 1978, but played to a 17th-place finish and were relegated again. The club immediately played its way back to the top flight, but since then its Bundesliga performances have been stumbling ones,[vague] characterized by finishes well down[vague] the league table and occasional relegation for a season or two.[vague] The side's best recent[vague] result was a fifth-place finish in 1988.

The early 1980s also saw the rise of a longstanding and intense friendship between the fans of Nürnberg and those of former archrival Schalke 04. Fans accompany each other's on their respective away games, and the two-season matches between the teams are generally[vague] a very laid-back and hospitable affair[according to whom?] for all fans involved.

In the mid-1990s, Nürnberg had financial problems, including the conviction of their club treasurer Ingo Böbel for fraud and misallocating club finances.[3] This led to their being penalized six points in the 1995–96 season while playing in the 2. Bundesliga. The club was relegated to the third division as a consequence. Improved management[according to whom?][vague] saw the club clawing back[tone] and return to the top flight eventually.[when?][vague]

In 1999, however, 1. FCN suffered what was arguably the worst meltdown[tone] in Bundesliga history. Going into the last game of the season, the club sat in 12th place, three points and five goals ahead of Eintracht Frankfurt, which was sitting in 16th place and seemingly headed to relegation. Nürnberg was closing out the season with what looked to be[according to whom?] an easy home game against SC Freiburg, which was also facing relegation. Frankfurt was up against 1. FC Kaiserslautern, the previous season's champions which were in a fight for a UEFA Champions League spot. Therefore, FCN had already begun soliciting season tickets for next Bundesliga season in a letter to current season ticket holders within celebrating successfully avoiding relegation.[vague]

The stage was set[tone] for an improbable outcome. Nürnberg lost 1–2, with Frank Baumann missing a chance to score in the last minute. Every other 1. FCN rival won, including Frankfurt, which routed Kaiserslautern 5–1 with three late tallies – this put the side ahead on goals scored and sent 1. FCN crashing to 16th place and into a shock relegation.[4] 1. FCN was not relegated because they had fewer points than Frankfurt, nor because of a lower goal differential, but on the third tie-breaker – fewer goals scored.

1. FCN rebounded and played in the Bundesliga, but still found itself flirting[tone] with relegation from season to season.[vague] However, it comfortably avoided relegation in the 2005–06 season, finishing eighth in the Bundesliga. After several years of consolidation, Nürnberg seemed back as a force to reckon with[tone] in Bundesliga football. Manager Martin Bader's professional[according to whom?] and sometimes even spectacular[tone] work until spring 2007 (the signing of former Ajax captain and Czech international Tomáš Galásek, for example, was greeted with enthusiasm),[by whom?] as well head coach Hans Meyer's tactically modern understanding of football,[according to whom?] helped Nürnberg to its most successful play in almost 40 years. In May 2007, the cut for the UEFA Cup was sure[vague] and after the triumph over Eintracht Frankfurt in the DFB-Pokal, the Club was in the final of that tournament for the first time since 1982. On 26 May, the Club won this final against VfB Stuttgart in extra time 3–2, winning the DFB-Pokal 45 years after its last victory.

In the first round of 2007–08, however, the team could convince no more[vague] in Bundesliga. As the team had ended up[tone] second in their UEFA Cup group in front of later champion Zenit Saint Petersburg after defeating Rapid București in the first round, head coach Hans Meyer was allowed to restructure the team, for example by buying Czech international striker Jan Koller from Monaco. In the consequence of no improvement, Meyer was replaced by Thomas von Heesen after two legs in the second round.[vague] The latter one did not do much better, and so 1. FCN was relegated after finishing 16th after losing a 2–0 home match against Schalke 04 on the final matchday. After not meeting the expectations[vague] of dominating the 2. Bundesliga, Von Heesen resigned in August and was replaced by his assistant coach, Michael Oenning. After a slow start,[according to whom?] Oenning was able to guide Nürnberg to a third-place finish and a playoff with 16th placed Energie Cottbus. Nürnberg won the playoff 5–0 on aggregate, rejoining the Bundesliga. The club was demoted again, however, after the 2013–14 season, finishing 17th with a final matchday loss to Schalke 04. The club finished third in the 2015–16 season and qualified for the promotion play-off to the Bundesliga, but lost on aggregate to Eintracht Frankfurt to remain in the 2. Bundesliga for 2016–17. The club went on to finish 2nd in 2017–2018 season, securing a promotion spot into the Bundesliga with an away win against SV Sandhausen. However, they finished dead last[tone] the next season and were relegated back to 2. Bundesliga.

In the 2019–20 2. Bundesliga season, they finished in 16th place, and faced a relegation playoff against 3. Liga side Ingolstadt, for which Nürnberg prevailed[tone] and saved themselves from a double relegation to the 3. Liga after winning 3–3 on aggregate score thanks to the away goals rule. The away goal which retained their second-tier status was scored in the sixth minute of injury time in the second leg, thereby keeping them up at the last moment.[5]

Rivals

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See also: Bavarian football derbies

SpVgg Greuther Fürth is 1. FCN's longest standing local rival. The rivalry dates back to the early days of German football when, at times, those two clubs dominated the national championship. The clubs have played 258 matches against one another, the most in German professional football. In 1921, the Germany national team consisted only of players from Nürnberg and Fürth for a match against the Netherlands in Amsterdam. The players traveled in the same train, but with the Nürnberg players in a carriage at the front of the train and those from Fürth in a carriage at the rear, while team manager Georg B. Blaschke sat in the middle. A Fürth player scored the first goal of the match but was only congratulated by Fürth players. Allegedly, Hans Sutor, a former Fürth player, was forced to leave the team when he married a woman from Nuremberg. He was later signed by 1. FC Nürnberg and was in the team that eventually won three national championships.[6] Both clubs played together in the Bundesliga in 2012–13.

Games against Bayern Munich are usually the biggest events of the season,[according to whom?] as the two clubs are the most successful in Bavaria and Germany overall.

Reserve team

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Main article: 1. FC Nürnberg II

The 1. FC Nürnberg II (or 1. FC Nürnberg Amateure) qualified for the Regionalliga Süd on the strength of a third place in the Bayernliga (IV) in 2007–08. The team had been playing in the Bayernlig since 1998, finishing runners-up three times in those years. When not playing in the Bayernlig, the team used to belong to the Landesliga Bayern-Mitte. Nowadays, it plays in tier four Regionalliga Bayern.

League results

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Main article: List of 1. FC Nürnberg seasons

Recent seasons

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The recent[when?] season-by-season performance of the club:[7][8]

Season Division Tier Position
1995–96 2. Bundesliga II 17th ↓
1996–97 Regionalliga Süd III 1st ↑
1997–98 2. Bundesliga II 3rd ↑
1998–99 Bundesliga I 16th ↓
1999–2000 2. Bundesliga II 4th
2000–01 2. Bundesliga 1st ↑
2001–02 Bundesliga I 15th
2002–03 Bundesliga 17th ↓
2003–04 2. Bundesliga II 1st ↑
2004–05 Bundesliga I 14th
2005–06 Bundesliga 8th
2006–07 Bundesliga 6th
2007–08 Bundesliga 16th ↓
2008–09 2. Bundesliga II 3rd ↑
2009–10 Bundesliga I 16th
2010–11 Bundesliga 6th
2011–12 Bundesliga 10th
2012–13 Bundesliga 10th
2013–14 Bundesliga 17th ↓
2014–15 2. Bundesliga II 9th
2015–16 2. Bundesliga 3rd
2016–17 2. Bundesliga 12th
2017–18 2. Bundesliga 2nd ↑
2018–19 Bundesliga I 18th ↓
2019–20 2. Bundesliga II 16th
2020–21 2. Bundesliga 11th
2021–22 2. Bundesliga 8th
2022–23 2. Bundesliga 14th
2023–24 2. Bundesliga 12th
2024–25 2. Bundesliga
Key
↑ Promoted ↓ Relegated

All time

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  the highest level of football in Germany;   the second highest;   the third highest.

Honours

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Der Club boasted[tone] the title of Deutscher Rekordmeister as holder of the most championships for over 60 years (although occasionally having to share the honour with Schalke 04) before being overtaken by Bayern Munich in 1987.[9]

Germany honours its Bundesliga champions by allowing them to display the gold stars of the "Verdiente Meistervereine" – one star for three titles, two stars for five and three stars for ten. However, currently,[when?] only titles earned since 1963 in the Bundesliga are officially recognized. Despite winning the national title nine times, Nürnberg – the country's second-most successful side – is not entitled to sport any championship stars.

League

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Cup

[edit]

European competitions

[edit]

Regional

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Stadium

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Further information: Max-Morlock-Stadion
Max-Morlock-Stadion in August 2006

"Der Club" plays in the communally-owned Max-Morlock-Stadion. It has been the club's home since 1963,[10] and currently has a capacity of 50,000 spectators following the stadium's most recent expansion during the winter break of the 2009–10 season.[11] The club previously played its matches at the Zabo (an abbreviation of Zerzabelshof, the district in which the ground was located).

The stadium was built in 1928 and was known as Stadion der Hitler-Jugend from 1933 to 1945.[citation needed] Originally having a capacity of 40,000 spectators, it was expanded in 1965 to hold 65,000 and subsequently hosted the 1967 Cup Winners' Cup final between Bayern Munich and Rangers, won 1–0 by the German side. The facility was refurbished for the 1974 FIFA World Cup and another recently completed renovation[vague] allowed it to seat 45,000 for four preliminary round matches and one Round of 16 contest of the 2006 World Cup.

The Frankenstadion since 2012 bears the commercial name "Grundig Stadion" under an arrangement with a local company. The majority of the fans was in favour of renaming it after club legend Max Morlock. Morlock's name was finally used in 2017.

The club is currently[when?] discussing the possibility of building a new stadium, which is to be completed by 2020.[vague] A feasibility study has been commissioned[when?] and contact has already been made with potential partners.[12] A new stadium is to be made a pure football stadium. It will be built on the site of Frankenstadion and hold a capacity of 50,000 spectators.[13] However, the club has not yet[when?] announced any official plans for a new stadium.

Kits

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Years Kit manufacturer Shirt sponsor
1985–87 Adidas Patrizier
1987–93 Reflecta
1993–94 Puma Trigema
1994–96 ARO
1996–98 Adidas
1998–00 VIAG Interkom
2000–02 Adecco
2002–03 Entrium Direct Bankers AG
2003–04 DiBa Bank
2004–08 mister*lady
2008–12 Areva
2012–14 NKD
2014–16 Wolf Möbel
2016–21 Umbro Nürnberger Versicherung
2021– Adidas

Players

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Current squad

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As of 30 August 2024[14]

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
1 GK Germany GER Jan Reichert
2 DF Denmark DEN Oliver Villadsen
3 DF Brazil BRA Danilo Soares
4 DF Germany GER Finn Jeltsch
6 MF Germany GER Florian Flick
7 MF Germany GER Florian Pick
8 MF Germany GER Taylan Duman
9 FW Greece GRE Stefanos Tzimas (on loan from PAOK)
10 MF Germany GER Julian Justvan
11 MF Japan JPN Kanji Okunuki
14 FW Germany GER Benjamin Goller
17 MF Germany GER Jens Castrop
18 MF Germany GER Rafael Lubach
19 MF Czech Republic CZE Michal Ševčík (on loan from Sparta Prague)
20 MF Germany GER Caspar Jander
21 DF Turkey TUR Berkay Yılmaz (on loan from Freiburg)
No. Pos. Nation Player
22 DF Germany GER Enrico Valentini (captain)
23 FW Germany GER Janni Serra (on loan from Aarhus)
26 GK Germany GER Christian Mathenia
29 DF Germany GER Tim Handwerker
30 FW Azerbaijan AZE Mahir Emreli
31 DF Germany GER Robin Knoche
32 MF Germany GER Tim Janisch
34 FW Germany GER Dustin Forkel
35 MF Germany GER Simon Joachims
36 FW Germany GER Lukas Schleimer
37 GK Slovakia SVK Michal Kukučka
38 MF Germany GER Winners Osawe
39 GK Germany GER Nicolas Ortegel
43 DF Germany GER Jannik Hofmann
44 DF Czech Republic CZE Ondřej Karafiát

Out on loan

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Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
— DF Germany GER Jannes Horn (at St. Louis City until 30 June 2025)
— DF Spain ESP Iván Márquez (at NEC until 30 June 2025)
— MF Morocco MAR Ali Loune (at Erzgebirge Aue until 30 June 2025)
No. Pos. Nation Player
— FW Germany GER Christoph Daferner (at Dynamo Dresden until 30 June 2025)
— FW England ENG Joseph Hungbo (at Rotherham United until 30 June 2025)
— FW Germany GER Manuel Wintzheimer (at Rot-Weiss Essen until 30 June 2025)

1. FC Nürnberg II squad

[edit]
Further information: 1. FC Nürnberg II

Notable former players

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Main article: List of 1. FC Nürnberg players

Greatest ever team

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In the summer of 2010, as part of the club's celebration of its 110th anniversary, Nürnberg fans voted for the best players in the club's history. The players who received the most votes in each position were named in the club's greatest ever team.[15]

Supporters voted Andreas Köpke (pictured) as the club's greatest ever goalkeeper.
Greatest ever 1. FC Nürnberg team

Reserves: Hans Kalb, Stefan Kießling, Horst Leupold, Dieter Nüssing, Marc Oechler, Luitpold Popp, Raphael Schäfer, Heinz Strehl, Heinrich Stuhlfauth, Horst Weyerich, Sergio Zárate

Records

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As of 24 May 2021[16][17]
Most league appearances in the Bundesliga era (since 1963)
Rank Name Years Bundesliga 2.Liga Total
1 Germany Thomas Brunner 1980–1996 328 74 402
2 Germany Raphael Schäfer 2001–2007, 2008–2017 250 108 358
3 Germany Andreas Köpke 1986–1994, 1999–2001 280 58 338
4 Germany Norbert Eder 1975–1984 154 146 300
5 Germany Dieter Lieberwirth 1975–1988 139 131 270
6 Argentina Javier Pinola 2005–2015 202 58 260
7 Germany Peter Stocker 1975–1983 118 131 249
8 Germany Marc Oechler 1989–1999 163 77 240
9 Germany Horst Weyerich 1976–1985 132 98 230
10 Czech Republic Marek Nikl 1998–2007 141 87 228
Top league goalscorers in the Bundesliga era (since 1963)
Rank Name Years Bundesliga 2.Liga Total Ratio
1 Germany Dieter Eckstein 1984–1988, 1991–1993 66 (189) 13 0(37) 79 (226) 0.35
2 Germany Heinz Strehl 1963–1970 76 (174) 00 00(0) 76 (174) 0.44
3 Germany Hans Walitza 1974–1979 00 00(9) 71 (118) 71 (127) 0.56
4 Slovakia Marek Mintál 2003–2011 32 (121) 34 0(59) 66 (180) 0.37
5 Germany Franz Brungs 1965–1968, 1971–1972 50 0(97) 00 00(0) 50 0(97) 0.52
6 Germany Horst Weyerich 1976–1985 21 (132) 27 0(98) 48 (230) 0.21
7 Germany Dieter Nüssing 1968–1977 05 0(23) 39 (109) 44 (132) 0.33
8 North Macedonia Saša Ćirić 1998–1999, 2002–2004 25 0(55) 18 0(37) 43 0(92) 0.47
9 Germany Dieter Lieberwirth 1975–1988 18 (139) 21 (131) 39 (270) 0.14
10 Germany Georg Volkert 1965–1969, 1980–1981 37 (136) 00 00(0) 37 (136) 0.27

Numbers in brackets indicate appearances made.

Staff

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As of 1 July 2024
Head coach Germany Miroslav Klose
Assistant coach Germany Jens Bauer
Assistant coach Germany Frank Steinmetz
Goalkeeping coach Germany Dennis Neudahm
Fitness coach Germany Gerald Stürzenhofecker

Coaches and chairmen

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Coaches

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Outstanding[tone] coaches of the earlier years include Izidor "Dori" Kürschner (1921, 1922), Fred Spiksley (1913, 1920s), former player Alfred Schaffer (1930s), Dr. Karl Michalke (1930s), Alwin "Alv" Riemke (1940s–1950s) and former player Hans "Bumbes" Schmidt (1940s, 1950s), who notably did not win a single of his four German Championship titles as coach with Nürnberg, but three of them with the long-standing main rivals Schalke 04. He was also four times champion as player, thereof three times with the Club, and once with the earlier archrival SpVgg Greuther Fürth.

Managerial history (Bundesliga era)

Main article: List of 1. FC Nürnberg managers

Chairmen

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  • 1900–1904: Christoph Heinz
  • 1904–1910: Ferdinand Küspert
  • 1910–1912: Christoph Heinz
  • 1912–1914: Leopold Neuburger
  • 1915–1917: Ferdinand Küspert
  • 1917–1919: Konrad Gerstacker
  • 1919–1921: Leopold Neuburger
  • 1921–1923: Ludwig Bäumler
  • 1923: Eduard Kartini
  • 1923–1925: Max Oberst
  • 1926–1930: Hans Schregle
  • 1930–1935: Ludwig Franz
  • 1935–1945: Karl Müller
  • 1945–1946: Hans Hofmann
  • 1946–1947 Hans Schregle
  • 1947–1948: Hans Hofmann
  • 1948–1963: Ludwig Franz
  • 1963–1964: Karl Müller
  • 1964–1971: Walter Luther
  • 1971–1977: Hans Ehrt
  • 1977–1978: Lothar Schmechtig
  • 1978–1979: Waldemar Zeitelhack
  • 1979–1983: Michael A. Roth
  • 1983–1991: Gerd Schmelzer
  • 1991–1992: Sven Oberhof
  • 1992–1994: Gerhard Voack
  • 1994 Georg: Haas
  • 1994–2009: Michael A. Roth
  • 2009–2010: Franz Schäfer

Further reading

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  • Matthias Hunger: Im Bann der Legende. Verlag Schmidt, Neustadt 2010, ISBN 978-3-87707-799-3 (German)
  • Matthias Hunger: Fußballkosmos 1. FC Nürnberg. Arete Verlag, Hildesheim 2022, ISBN 978-3-96423-099-7 (German)
  • Jon Goulding: For Better or for Wurst. Vanguard Press, 2009, ISBN 978-1843865513 (English)
  • Christoph Bausenwein, Harald Kaiser, Bernd Siegler: Legenden: Die besten Club-Spieler aller Zeiten. Verlag Die Werkstatt, Göttingen 2010, ISBN 978-3-89533-722-2 (German)
  • Christoph Bausenwein, Harald Kaiser, Bernd Siegler: Die Legende vom Club. Die Geschichte des 1. FC Nürnberg. Verlag Die Werkstatt, Göttingen 2006, ISBN 3-89533-536-3 (German)
  • Christoph Bausenwein, Bernd Siegler, Herbert Liedel: Franken am Ball. Geschichte und Geschichten eines Fußballjahrhunderts. Echter Verlag, Würzburg 2003, ISBN 3-429-02462-5 (German)
  • Christoph Bausenwein, Bernd Siegler: Das Club-Lexikon. Verlag Die Werkstatt, Göttingen 2003, ISBN 3-89533-376-X (German)
  • Christoph Bausenwein, Harald Kaiser, Herbert Liedel: 1. FCN, Der Club, 100 Jahre Fussball. Tümmels, Nürnberg 1999, ISBN 3-921590-70-1 (German)
  • Bernd Siegler: Heulen mit den Wölfen: Der 1. FC Nürnberg und der Ausschluss seiner jüdischen Mitglieder. starfruit publications, Fürth 2022, ISBN 978-3-922895-53-4 (German)

References

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  1. ^ "Bundesliga 2 records: goals, promotion and relegation for players and clubs". bundesliga.com.
  2. ^ "Nürnberg struggling to stay in the Bundesliga club". The Guardian. 12 May 2008. Retrieved 18 September 2010.
  3. ^ Redelings, Ben. "Der Skandal, der den Club fast zerstörte". n-tv.de (in German). Retrieved 31 January 2022.
  4. ^ "Nuremberg are Relegated". New Straits Times. 31 May 1999. Retrieved 18 September 2010.
  5. ^ Schlitt, Anna-Lena; Zimmermann, Konstantin (11 July 2020). "1. FC Nürnberg hält in letzter Sekunde die Liga". Die Zeit (in German). Retrieved 24 May 2021.
  6. ^ "Die Geschichte des Frankenderbys". Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 1 October 2010. (in German)
  7. ^ Das deutsche Fußball-Archiv (in German) Historical German domestic league tables
  8. ^ Fussball.de – Ergebnisse (in German) Tables and results of all German football leagues
  9. ^ "1. FC Nürnberg: About". fcn.de. Retrieved 10 September 2019.
  10. ^ "From 'Municipal Stadium' to the easyCredit Stadium". Archived from the original on 23 November 2010. Retrieved 18 September 2010.
  11. ^ "Nürnbergs neue Nordkurve ist fertig" (in German). 21 January 2010. Retrieved 30 August 2019.
  12. ^ "Club: Neues Stadion bis 2020?". stadionwelt.de. Archived from the original on 15 March 2020. Retrieved 10 September 2019.
  13. ^ "Club will 2015 Pläne für neue Arena vorlegen". Archived from the original on 22 October 2011. Retrieved 10 September 2019.
  14. ^ "1. FC Nürnberg – Profis". 1. FC Nürnberg.
  15. ^ "Club ehrt Jahrhundert(+10)elf" (in German). 23 July 2010. Archived from the original on 2 August 2010. Retrieved 18 September 2010.
  16. ^ "Germany " Bundesliga " All-time appearances " 1. FC Nürnberg". worldfootball.net. Retrieved 22 March 2020.
  17. ^ "Germany " Bundesliga " All-time topscorers " 1. FC Nürnberg". worldfootball.net. Retrieved 22 March 2020.
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