Ḥuwallušiya (region)
Ḥuwallušiya was an ancient region of Anatolia located west of the Kızılırmak River and named in the Annals of Mursili, the Annals of Tudḫaliya and several itineraries of Hittite troop movements in the fifteenth century BC. It was one of the lands of the Assuwa coalition that opposed the Hittites.
Etymology
[edit]A distinction has been made between Huwallusa (the town) and Huwallusiya (the surrounding countryside), with the former offering no resistance to the Hittites and the latter in active rebellion during the Assuwa campaign.[1]
Geography
[edit]Huwallusiya was located "on the road to Arzawa," "not too far from the Kızılırmak" and was associated in itineraries with "Tummanda, Palunta, [Wal]wara, Hap[puriya], Paparzina, Ussuha...the city of Assuwa...Awina and [Wat]tarwa."[2] Forlanini places it in western Phyrgia.[3] Woudhuizen locates it much further west at modern Honaz, "along the Classical Lykos, a tributary of the Maiandros corresponding to the present-day Emir or Küçük Menderes and likely referred to in Hittite texts as the Astarpa.[4] Oreshko associates it with Mount Hullusiwanda, "situated close to the lands Masa and Ardukka" in classical Mysia.[5]
History
[edit]Huwallusiya is named as a land to which the Hittite general Aranhapilizzi is sent by Mursili I toward the end of the sixteenth century BC as part of his northwest campaigns.[6] A hundred years later it is mentioned as one of the lands that comprised the Assuwa coalition, a military confederacy that opposed the Hittite army as it campaigned west of the Maraššantiya circa 1430 BC:[7][8] In the late 1300s during the reign of Arnuwanda I Huwalusa is grouped with Mount Iyawanda and Arziya.[2]
Popular Culture
[edit]Huwallusiya is mentioned as Huwala and Huwali in the fraudulent "Rediscovered Luwian Hieroglyphic Inscriptions from Western Anatolia in Transliteration and Translation" fabricated by Dutch archaeologist James Mellaart over the course of his career.[9]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Houwink ten Cate, Philo H. J. (1970). The Records of the Early Hittite Empire (c. 1450-1380 B.C.), pp. 77-78. Archive.org
- ^ a b Gander, Max. (2022). The West: Philology, p. 265. Hittite Landscape and Geography, Netherlands: Brill. Academia.edu
- ^ Forlanini, Massimo. (2008). The Historical Geography of Anatolia and the Transition from the Karum-Period to the Early Hittite Empire. Anatolia and the Jazira During the Old Assyrian Period. 57-86. ResearchGate
- ^ Woudhuizen, Fred. (2023), The Luwians of Western Anatolia: Their Neighbours and Predecessors, pp. 21. United Kingdom: Archaeopress Publishing Limited. Academia.edu
- ^ Oreshko, Rostislav. (2013). Geography of the Western Fringes: Gar(a)giša/Gargiya and the Lands of the Late Bronze Age Caria, p. 154. Centre for Hellenic Studies (Harvard University). Academic.edu.
- ^ Houwink ten Cate, Philo H. J. (1966). Mursilis' Northwestern Campaigns-Additional Fragments of His Comprehensive Annals, Journal of Near Eastern Studies, Vol. 25, No. 3 University of Chicago
- ^ Cline, E. H. (2015). 1177 B.C.: The Year Civilization Collapsed, p. 28–41. United Kingdom: Princeton University Press. Google Books
- ^ Bryce, Trevor. (1999). The Kingdom of the Hittites. United Kingdom, Oxford University Press. Google Books.
- ^ Jarus, Owen (2018-03-12). "Famed Archaeologist 'Discovered' His Own Fakes at 9,000-Year-Old Settlement". Live Science. Retrieved 2019-05-06.