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O (Cyrillic)

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Cyrillic letter O
Phonetic usage:[o], [ɔ], [ɐ], [ɒ], [ʌ]
Numeric value:70
Derived from:Greek letter Omicron (Ο ο)
The Cyrillic script
Slavic letters
АА́А̀А̂А̄ӒБВ
ГҐДЂЃЕЕ́Ѐ
Е̂Е̄ЁЄЖЗЗ́Ѕ
ИІЇИ́ЍИ̂Ӣ
ЙӤЈКЛЉМН
ЊОО́О̀О̂ŌӦП
РСС́ТЋЌУУ́
У̀У̂ӮЎӰФХЦ
ЧЏШЩЪЪ̀Ы
Ы́ЬѢЭЭ́ЮЮ́Ю̀
ЯЯ́Я̀
Non-Slavic letters
ӐА̊А̃Ӓ̄ӔӘӘ́Ә̃
ӚВ̌ԜГ̑Г̇Г̣Г̌Г̂
Г̆Г̈г̊ҔҒӺҒ̌
ғ̊ӶД́Д̌Д̈Д̣Д̆
ӖЕ̃Ё̄Є̈ԐԐ̈ҖӜ
ӁЖ̣ҘӞЗ̌З̣З̆Ӡ
И̃ҊҚӃҠҞҜК̣
к̊қ̊ԚЛ́ӅԮԒ
Л̈ӍН́ӉҢԨӇ
ҤО̆О̃Ӧ̄ӨӨ̄Ө́Ө̆
ӪԤП̈Р̌ҎС̌ҪС̣
С̱Т́Т̈Т̌Т̇Т̣Ҭ
У̃ӲУ̊Ӱ̄ҰҮҮ́Х̣
Х̱Х̮Х̑Х̌ҲӼх̊Ӿ
ӿ̊ҺҺ̈ԦЦ̌Ц̈ҴҶ
Ҷ̣ӴӋҸЧ̇Ч̣Ҽ
ҾШ̣Ы̆Ы̄ӸҌ
ҨЭ̆Э̄Э̇ӬӬ́Ӭ̄Ю̆
Ю̈Ю̄Я̆Я̄Я̈Ӏʼˮ
Archaic or unused letters
А̨Б̀Б̣Б̱В̀Г̀Г̧
Г̄Г̓Ҕ̀Ҕ̆ԀД̓Д̀
Д̨ԂЕ̇Е̨Ж̀
Ж̑Џ̆
Ꚅ̆З̀З̑ԄԆԪ
І̂І̣І̨
Ј̵Ј̃К̓К̀К̆Ӄ̆К̑
К̇К̈К̄ԞК̂Л̀
ԠԈЛ̑Л̇Ԕ
М̀М̃Н̀Н̄Н̧Н̃
ԊԢН̡Ѻ
П̓П̀П́
ҦП̧П̑ҀԚ̆Р́Р̀
Р̃ԖС̀С̈ԌҪ̓
Т̓Т̀ԎТ̑Т̧Ꚍ̆
ѸУ̇У̨
ꙋ́Ф̑Ф̓Х́Х̀Х̆Х̇Х̧
Х̾Х̓һ̱ѠѼѾ
Ц̀Ц́Ц̓Ꚏ̆
Ч́Ч̀Ч̆Ч̑Ч̓
ԬꚆ̆Ҽ̆Ш̀Ш̆
Ш̑Щ̆Ꚗ̆Ъ̄Ъ̈Ъ̈̄
Ы̂Ы̃Ѣ́Ѣ̈Ѣ̆
Э̨Э̂Ю̂Я̈
Я̂Я̨ԘѤѦѪ
ѨѬѮѰѲѴѶ
"O", from Anna Ostroumova-Lebedeva's 1911 alphabet book

O (О о; italics: О о) is a letter of the Cyrillic script.

The letter most commonly represents the sound /ɔ/, like the o in "off". In Russian and Serbo-Croatian, it represents the sound /o/.

History

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Some old Russian typewriters like this one were manufactured without the digit 0 as the letter O could be used instead.

The Cyrillic letter О was derived from the Greek letter Omicron (Ο ο).

Form

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Modern fonts

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In modern-style typefaces, the Cyrillic letter O looks exactly like the Latin letter O ⟨O o⟩ and the Greek letter Omicron ⟨Ο ο⟩.

Church Slavonic printed fonts and Slavonic manuscripts

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Historical typefaces (like poluustav (semi-uncial), a standard font style for the Church Slavonic typography) and old manuscripts represent several additional glyph variants of Cyrillic O, both for decorative and orthographic (sometimes also "hieroglyphic"[1]) purposes, namely:

  • broad variant (Ѻ/ѻ), used mostly as a word initial letter (see Broad On for more details);
  • narrow variant, being used now in Synodal Church Slavonic editions as the first element of digraph Oy/oy (see Uk (Cyrillic) for more details), and in the editions of Old Believers for unstressed "o" as well;
  • variant with a cross inside (Crossed O), Ꚛ, used in certain manuscripts as the initial letter of words окрестъ 'around, nearby' (the root of this Slavonic word, крест, means 'cross') and округъ 'district, neighbourhood' with their derivatives;
  • "eyed" variant (Monocular O) with a dot inside (Ꙩ/ꙩ), used in certain manuscripts in spelling of word око 'eye' and its derivatives. In many other texts, including the birchbark letters, the monocular O was not used as a hieroglyph but largely as a synonym of Broad On signalling the word-initial position;
  • "two-eyed" variants (Binocular O) with two dots inside (Ꙫ/ꙫ or Ꙭ/ꙭ), also double "O" without dots inside were used in certain manuscripts in spelling of dual/plural forms of the words with the same root 'eye';
  • "many-eyed" variant (Multiocular O), ꙮ, used in certain manuscripts in spelling of the same root when embedded into word многоочитый 'many-eyed' (an attribute of seraphim).

Usage

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In Russian, O is used word-initially, after another vowel, and after non-palatalized consonants. Because of a vowel reduction processes, the Russian /o/ phoneme may have a number of pronunciations in unstressed syllables, including [ɐ] and [ə].

In Macedonian, Bulgarian, Ukrainian and Belarusian, the letter represents the sound /ɔ/.

In Tuvan the Cyrillic letter can be written as a double vowel.[2][3] It's the most common letter in the Russian language.[4]

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Computing codes

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Character information
Preview О о
Unicode name CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER O CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER O
Encodings decimal hex dec hex
Unicode 1054 U+041E 1086 U+043E
UTF-8 208 158 D0 9E 208 190 D0 BE
Numeric character reference О О о о
Named character reference О о
KOI8-R and KOI8-U 239 EF 207 CF
Code page 855 215 D7 214 D6
Windows-1251 206 CE 238 EE
ISO-8859-5 190 BE 222 DE
Macintosh Cyrillic 142 8E 238 EE

Exotic glyph variants of Cyrillic O are available only in Unicode:[5][6][7][8][9]

  • broad Ѻ/ѻ:
    • CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ROUND OMEGA: U+047A
    • CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ROUND OMEGA: U+047B
  • narrow ᲂ does not just represent itself, but also used in digraph Oy/oy:
    • CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER NARROW O: U+1C82
    • CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER UK: U+0478 (deprecated in favor of combination of Cyrillic letters О and у, U+041E U+0443)
    • CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER UK: U+0479 (deprecated in favor of combination of Cyrillic letters о and у, U+043E U+0443 or U+1C82 U+0443)
  • with a cross inside (Ꚛ/ꚛ):
    • CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER CROSSED O: U+A69A
    • CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER CROSSED O: U+A69B
  • doubled Ꚙ/ꚙ:
    • CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER DOUBLE O: U+A698
    • CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DOUBLE O: U+A699
  • eyed Ꙩ/ꙩ:
    • CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER MONOCULAR O: U+A668
    • CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER MONOCULAR O: U+A669
  • two-eyed (Ꙫ/ꙫ, Ꙭ/ꙭ):
    • CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER BINOCULAR O: U+A66A
    • CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BINOCULAR O: U+A66B
    • CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER DOUBLE MONOCULAR O: U+A66C
    • CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DOUBLE MONOCULAR O: U+A66D
  • many-eyed ꙮ:
    • CYRILLIC LETTER MULTIOCULAR O: U+A66E
  • combining O for Church Slavonic abbreviations (as трⷪца = троица '(Holy) Trinity'):
    • COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER O: 2DEA

References

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  1. ^ Карский, Ефим (1979). Славянская кирилловская палеография. Moscow.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  2. ^ "Tuvan language, alphabet and pronunciation". omniglot.com. Retrieved 14 June 2016.
  3. ^ Campbell, George L.; King, Gareth (24 July 2013). Compendium of the World's Languages. Routledge. ISBN 9781136258459. Retrieved 14 June 2016 – via Google Books.
  4. ^ "Новый частотный словарь русской лексики". Ruslang.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 10 July 2024.
  5. ^ "Cyrillic: Range: 0400–04FF" (PDF). The Unicode Standard, Version 9.0. 2016. p. 4. Retrieved 2016-07-15.
  6. ^ "Cyrillic Extended-A: Range: 2DE0–2DFF" (PDF). The Unicode Standard, Version 9.0. 2016. p. 3. Retrieved 2016-07-15.
  7. ^ "Cyrillic Extended-B: Range: A640–A69F" (PDF). The Unicode Standard, Version 9.0. 2016. p. 3. Retrieved 2016-07-15.
  8. ^ "Cyrillic Extended-C: Range: 1C80–1C8F" (PDF). The Unicode Standard, Version 9.0. 2016. p. 3. Retrieved 2016-07-15.
  9. ^ "Church Slavonic Typography in Unicode" (PDF). Aleksandr Andreev, Yuri Shardt, Nikita Simmons. 2015. p. 13. Retrieved 2016-07-15.
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  • The dictionary definition of О at Wiktionary
  • The dictionary definition of о at Wiktionary