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Alpha Cephei

Coordinates: Sky map 21h 18m 34.8s, +62° 35′ 08″
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"Alderamin" redirects here. It is not to be confused with Aldebaran or Alderaan.
α Cephei
Location of α Cephei (circled)
Observation data
Epoch J2000      Equinox J2000
Constellation Cepheus
Right ascension 21h 18m 34.7715s[1]
Declination +62° 35′ 08.061″[1]
Apparent magnitude (V) 2.46[2]
Characteristics
Spectral type A8Vn[3] or A7IV-V[4]
U−B color index +0.12[5]
B−V color index +0.21[5]
Variable type suspected δ Sct[6]
Astrometry
Radial velocity (Rv)−10[1] km/s
Proper motion (μ) RA: +150.55[7] mas/yr
Dec.: 49.09[7] mas/yr
Parallax (π)66.50 ± 0.11 mas[7]
Distance49.05 ± 0.08 ly
(15.04 ± 0.02 pc)
Absolute magnitude (MV)1.57[8]
Details[4]
Mass2.00±0.15 M☉
Radius2.175±0.046 (polar)
2.823±0.097 (equator) R☉
Luminosity17[9] L☉
Surface gravity (log g)3.99[9] cgs
Temperature8,440+430
−700 (polar)
7,600 (equator) K
Metallicity [Fe/H]0.09 dex
Rotation12.11±0.26 h
Rotational velocity (v sin i)283±19 km/s
Age820 Myr
Other designations
Alderamin, α Cep, 5 Cep, AG+62° 1226, BD+61°2111, FK5 803, GJ 826, HD 203280, HIP 105199, HR 8162, SAO 19302, CCDM J21186+6236A, 2MASS J21183475+6235081[1]
Database references
SIMBADdata

Alpha Cephei (α Cephei, abbreviated Alpha Cep, α Cep), officially named Alderamin /ælˈdɛrəmɪn/,[10][11] is a second magnitude star in the constellation of Cepheus near the northern pole. The star is relatively close to Earth at 49 light years (ly) and drifting closer with a heliocentric radial velocity of about −16 km/s.

Nomenclature

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α Cephei (Latinised to Alpha Cephei) is the star's Bayer designation. It has a Flamsteed designation of 5 Cephei.

It bore the traditional name Alderamin, a contraction of the Arabic phrase الذراع اليمين al-dhirā‘ al-yamīn, meaning "the right arm". In 2016, the International Astronomical Union organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)[12] to catalog and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN's first bulletin of July 2016[13] included a table of the first two batches of names approved by the WGSN; which included Alderamin for this star.

Visibility

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With a declination in excess of 62 degrees north, Alpha Cephei never rises south of −27° latitude, which means for much of South America, Australia, South Africa, and all of New Zealand, the star stays below the horizon. The star is circumpolar throughout all of Europe, northern Asia, Canada, and American cities as far south as San Diego. Since Alpha Cephei has an apparent magnitude of about 2.5, the star is the brightest in the constellation and is easily observable to the naked eye, even in light-polluted cities.

Pole star

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Alpha Cephei is located near the precessional path traced across the celestial sphere by the Earth's North pole. That means that it periodically comes within 3° of being a pole star,[14] a title currently held by Polaris. Alpha Cephei will next be the North Star in about the year 7500 AD.[15] The north pole of Mars points to the midpoint of the line connecting the star and Deneb.[16]

Preceded by Pole Star Succeeded by
Iota Cephei circa 19,000 BC Deneb

Properties

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A light curve for Alpha Cephei, plotted from TESS data[17]

Alderamin is a white class A star, evolving off the main sequence into a subgiant, probably on its way to becoming a red giant as its hydrogen supply runs low. On average, Alderamin has an apparent magnitude of 2.46.[2] In 2007, the star's parallax was measured at 66.50±0.11 mas yielding a distance of 15 parsecs or approximately 49 light years from Earth.[7]

Interferometry by the CHARA array show that Alderamin has an oblate shape, its equatorial size measures 2.82 R☉ and the polar radius measures 2.18 R☉. The star's temperature varies as well, from 8,440 K in the poles to 7,600 K in the equator.[4] A more recent but less detailed measurement by the Navy Precision Optical Interferometer gives 2.71 R☉, which likely corresponds to the equatorial radius.[18] Like other stars in its class, it is slightly variable with a range in brightness of 0.06 magnitude, and is listed as a Delta Scuti variable.

Alderamin has a very high rotation speed of at least 246 km/s, completing one complete revolution in less than 12 hours, with such a rapid turnover appearing to inhibit the differentiation of chemical elements usually seen in such stars.[19] By comparison, the Sun takes almost a month to turn on its axis. Alpha Cephei is also known to emit an amount of X radiation similar to the Sun, which along with other indicators suggests the existence of considerable magnetic activity—something unexpected (though not at all unusual) for a fast rotator.

Etymology and cultural significance

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This star, along with Beta Cephei (Alfirk) and Eta Cephei (Alkidr) were al-Kawākib al-Firq (الكواكب الفرق), meaning "the Stars of the Flock" by Ulug Beg.[20][21]

In Chinese, 天鈎 (Tiān Gōu), meaning Celestial Hook, refers to an asterism consisting of α Cephei, 4 Cephei, HD 194298, Eta Cephei, Theta Cephei, Xi Cephei, 26 Cephei, Iota Cephei and Omicron Cephei.[22] Consequently, the Chinese name for Alpha Cephei itself is 天鈎五 (Tiān Gōu wu, English: the Fifth Star of the Celestial Hook.).[23]

Namesakes

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USS Alderamin (AK-116) was a United States Navy Crater class cargo ship named after the star.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d "alf Cep". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2010-12-20.
  2. ^ a b "VSX : Detail for alf Cep". AAVSO. Retrieved 2024-08-16.
  3. ^ Gray, R. O.; Corbally, C. J.; Garrison, R. F.; McFadden, M. T.; Robinson, P. E. (2003). "Contributions to the Nearby Stars (NStars) Project: Spectroscopy of Stars Earlier than M0 within 40 Parsecs: The Northern Sample. I". The Astronomical Journal. 126 (4): 2048. arXiv:astro-ph/0308182. Bibcode:2003AJ....126.2048G. doi:10.1086/378365. S2CID 119417105.
  4. ^ a b c van Belle, G. T.; et al. (January 2006). "First Results from the CHARA Array. III. Oblateness, Rotational Velocity, and Gravity Darkening of Alderamin". The Astrophysical Journal. 637 (1): 494–505. arXiv:astro-ph/0509827. Bibcode:2006ApJ...637..494V. doi:10.1086/498334. S2CID 6074944.
  5. ^ a b Mermilliod, J.-C. (1986). "Compilation of Eggen's UBV data, transformed to UBV (unpublished)". Catalogue of Eggen's UBV Data. Bibcode:1986EgUBV........0M.
  6. ^ Samus, N. N.; Durlevich, O. V.; et al. (2009). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: General Catalogue of Variable Stars (Samus+ 2007–2013)". VizieR On-line Data Catalog: B/GCVS. Originally Published in: 2009yCat....102025S. 1. Bibcode:2009yCat....102025S.
  7. ^ a b c d van Leeuwen, F (November 2007). "Hipparcos, the New Reduction". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 474 (2): 653–664. arXiv:0708.1752. Bibcode:2007A&A...474..653V. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078357. S2CID 18759600. Retrieved 2010-12-19.
  8. ^ Pizzolato, N.; Maggio, A.; Sciortino, S. (September 2000), "Evolution of X-ray activity of 1–3 Msun late-type stars in early post-main-sequence phases", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 361: 614–628, Bibcode:2000A&A...361..614P
  9. ^ a b Malagnini, M. L.; Morossi, C. (November 1990), "Accurate absolute luminosities, effective temperatures, radii, masses and surface gravities for a selected sample of field stars", Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series, 85 (3): 1015–1019, Bibcode:1990A&AS...85.1015M
  10. ^ Kunitzsch, Paul; Smart, Tim (2006). A Dictionary of Modern star Names: A Short Guide to 254 Star Names and Their Derivations (2nd rev. ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Sky Pub. ISBN 978-1-931559-44-7.
  11. ^ "IAU Catalog of Star Names". Retrieved 28 July 2016.
  12. ^ "IAU Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)". Retrieved 22 May 2016.
  13. ^ "Bulletin of the IAU Working Group on Star Names, No. 1" (PDF). Retrieved 28 July 2016.
  14. ^ Kaler, James B. "ALDERAMIN (Alpha Cephei)". Stars. University of Illinois. Archived from the original on 2018-02-08. Retrieved 2018-04-25.
  15. ^ Our Monthly, vol. 4, Presbyterian Magazine Company, 1871, p. 53.
  16. ^ Barlow, N. G. (2008). Mars: An introduction to its interior, surface and atmosphere. Cambridge University Press. p. 21. ISBN 978-0-521-85226-5.
  17. ^ "MAST: Barbara A. Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes". Space Telescope Science Institute. Retrieved 8 December 2021.
  18. ^ Baines, Ellyn K.; Clark, James H., III; Schmitt, Henrique R.; Stone, Jordan M.; von Braun, Kaspar (2023). "33 New Stellar Angular Diameters from the NPOI, and Nearly 180 NPOI Diameters as an Ensemble". The Astronomical Journal. 166 (6): 268. Bibcode:2023AJ....166..268B. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ad08be.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  19. ^ Hoffleit; et al. (1991). "Bright Star Catalogue". VizieR (5th Revised ed.). Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2010-12-20.
  20. ^ Allen, R. H. (1963). Star Names: Their Lore and Meaning (Reprint ed.). New York: Dover Publications Inc. p. 157. ISBN 0-486-21079-0. Retrieved 2010-12-12.
  21. ^ Davis Jr., G. A., "The Pronunciations, Derivations, and Meanings of a Selected List of Star Names,"Popular Astronomy, Vol. LII, No. 3, Oct. 1944, p. 16.
  22. ^ (in Chinese) 中國星座神話, written by 陳久金. Published by 台灣書房出版有限公司, 2005, ISBN 978-986-7332-25-7.
  23. ^ (in Chinese) 香港太空館 – 研究資源 – 亮星中英對照表 Archived 2008-10-25 at the Wayback Machine, Hong Kong Space Museum. Accessed on line November 23, 2010.
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