Đàng Ngoài
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Đàng Ngoài (chữ Hán: 唐外,[1] lit. "Outer Land"), also known as Tonkin, Bắc Hà (北河, "North of the River") or Kingdom of Annam (安南國) by foreigners, was an area in northern Đại Việt (now Vietnam) during the 17th and 18th centuries as the result of Trịnh–Nguyễn War.[2] The word "Đàng Ngoài" first appeared in the Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum by Alexandre de Rhodes.
Đàng Ngoài was de-facto ruled by the Trịnh lords with the Lê emperors acting as titular rulers. The capital was Thăng Long (now Hanoi). Thăng Long was also known as Đông Kinh 東京, meaning "Eastern Capital", from which the common European name for Đàng Ngoài "Tonkin" originated. It was bordered by Đàng Trong (under the Nguyễn lords) along the Linh River (modern Gianh River in Quảng Bình Province). The name gradually fell into disuse after Nguyễn Huệ's conquest of the north.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Albert Schroeder (1904). Chronologie des souverains de l'Annam par Albert Schroeder (in French). p. 23.
Trịnh 鄭: Dits les seigneurs du Nord ou Chúa đàng ngoài 主唐外.
- ^ Keith Weller Taylor, John K. Whitmore Essays Into Vietnamese Pasts 1995 Page 170 "The "kingdom of Cochinchina" was the polity of the Nguyễn lords (chúa), who had become the more and more independent rivals of the Trịnh lords of the north — if not of the Lê emperors whose affairs the Trịnh lords managed.."
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