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Zora Cross

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Zora Cross
Born
Zora Bernice May Cross

(1890-05-18)18 May 1890
Eagle Farm, Queensland, Australia
Died22 January 1964(1964-01-22) (aged 73)
Glenbrook, New South Wales, Australia
NationalityAustralian
Other namesBernice May
EducationIpswich Girls' Grammar School
Sydney Girls' High School
Burwood Superior Public School
Alma materSydney Teachers' College
Occupation(s)poet and novelist
Known forSongs of Love and Life
Spouses
Stuart Smith
​
​
(m. 1911; div. 1922)​
David Wright
​
​
(m. 1923; died 1928)​
Children3
Parent(s)Ernest William Cross (accountant) and Mary Louisa Eliza Ann, nee Skyring

Zora Bernice May Cross (18 May 1890 – 22 January 1964) was an Australian poet, best-selling novelist and journalist.

Life

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Cross was born on 18 May 1890 at Eagle Farm, Brisbane, to Sydney-born accountant Ernest William Cross and Mary Louisa Eliza Ann Cross.[1] Cross published and was known for her serialised novels, books of poems and children's verse and inherited her love for literature from both her parents. She was educated at Ipswich Girls' Grammar School, Burwood Public School, Sydney Girls' High School and then Sydney Teachers' College from 1909 to 1910. As a child Cross was a prolific contributor to the Children's Corner in the Australian Town and Country Journal, where she attracted the attention of the editor Ethel Turner, who became a significant friend and mentor throughout Cross's writing career.[2]

Cross combined her teaching career with writing and acting, including tours with Cherry Abraham's Comedy Costume Company in Queensland and with J. C. Williamson's theatre company.[2] On 11 March 1911, she married fellow actor Stuart Smith but later refused to live with him. The marriage was dissolved on 10 September 1922. In September 1914 she gave birth to a son, Normand (later known as Teddy), at Lauriston Private Hospital, Mosman, but no father was listed on the birth certificate. She taught for three years and then worked as a journalist for The Boomerang, and subsequently as a freelance writer.[3]

By this time Cross had formed a lasting relationship with the writer David McKee Wright,[4] whom she married in 1923. They lived in the Blue Mountains village of Glenbrook where they had two daughters, Davidina and Maeve (known as April).

Cross Street in the Canberra suburb of Cook is named in her honour.[5]

Work

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In 1916 Cross submitted her first novel, on an Aboriginal theme but the publisher refused to publish this work. That same year a book of poems, A Song of Mother Love, was published.

In 1917 Cross published Songs of Love and Life, some of which had already appeared in The Bulletin, which was highly influential in Australian culture and politics until after the First World War, and was then noted for its nationalist, pro-labour, and pro-republican writing. This book and her book of similar poems, The Lilt of Life in 1918, both published by Angus & Robertson, were an expression of her love for David McKee Wright. Songs of Love and Life attracted widespread attention because of its erotic content and sold out in three days.[2][6]

In 1918 Cross wrote the children's verse The City of Riddle-mee-ree (1918), illustrated by Olive Crane, and then the more sombre Elegy on an Australian Schoolboy (1921), in memory of her 19-year-old soldier brother, John Skyring Cross.

Her 1924 book Daughters of the Seven Mile illustrated her awareness of developing social and economic stresses in Australia.[7]

Cross wrote on subjects controversial at the time such as sex, childbirth, Aboriginal communities and the effects of war on women who are left behind.

As "Bernice May", "Rosa Carmen" and "Daisy M.", Cross contributed regularly in the 1930s to the Australian Women's Mirror.[3] As Bernice May she wrote a significant series of interviews with contemporary Australian women writers.[2]

In later years she drew on a lifetime interest in Ancient Rome and Julius Caesar. Her novel The Victor was serialised in the Sydney Morning Herald in 1933 and received favourable reviews.

Throughout her life Zora supported herself and her children by acting, teaching and as a freelance journalist. The Commonwealth Literary Fund, (precursor to the Australia Council for the Arts) prompted by the Fellowship of Australian Writers, awarded her a pension.[2]

Bibliography

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Novels

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  • Daughters of the Seven Mile, London: Hutchinson (1924)[8][9]
  • The Lute-Girl of Rainyvale, London: Hutchinson (1925)[10]
  • Sons of the Seven Mile, Sydney Mail (1927)[11]
  • Moonstone Luck, Sydney Morning Herald (1930)
  • The Victor, Sydney Morning Herald (1933)
  • This Hectic Age, Sydney: London Book Co. (1944)[12] also published as Night Side of Sydney[13]

Poetry collections

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  • A Song of Mother Love (1916)[14]
  • Songs of Love and Life (1917)[15][16]
  • The Lilt of Life (1918)[17]
  • The City of Riddle-Me-Ree (1918)[18]
  • Elegy on an Australian Schoolboy, Sydney: Angus & Robertson (1921)[19]

Lyrics

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Dream travel two-part song (1937)[20]

Non-fiction

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An Introduction to the Study of Australian Literature: Teachers' College Press (1922)[21]

References

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  1. ^ Green, Dorothy. "Zora Bernice May Cross (1890–1964)". Cross, Zora Bernice May (1890–1964). Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University.
  2. ^ a b c d e Perkins, Cathy (2019). The Shelf Life of Zora Cross. Australia: Monash University Publishing. ISBN 9781925835533.
  3. ^ a b Adelaide, Debra (1988), Australian women writers : a bibliographic guide, Pandora, p. 42, ISBN 978-0-86358-148-9
  4. ^ "Old Qld poetry – Zora Cross". oldqldpoetry.com. Retrieved 25 November 2019.
  5. ^ "Australian Capital Territory National Memorials Ordinance 1928-1972". Australian Government Gazette. Periodic (National : 1974–1977). 13 April 1976. p. 1. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
  6. ^ Kale, Neha (1 November 2019). "The forgotten erotic sonnets of Zora Cross". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 25 November 2019.
  7. ^ Cross, Zora (1924), Daughters of the Seven Mile : the love story of an Australian woman, Hutchinson, retrieved 25 November 2019
  8. ^ "Zora Cross". The Queenslander. No. 5914. Queensland, Australia. 7 June 1924. p. 3. Retrieved 25 November 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
  9. ^ "Daughters of the Seven Mile (Hutchinson 1924)". National Library of Australia. Retrieved 21 April 2024.
  10. ^ "The Lute-Girl of Rainyvale(Hutchinson 1925)". National Library of Australia. Retrieved 21 April 2024.
  11. ^ "Sons of the Seven Mile". Sydney Mail. Retrieved 21 April 2024.
  12. ^ "This Hectic Age (London Book Co 1944)". National Library of Australia. Retrieved 21 April 2024.
  13. ^ "Night Side of Sydney (London Book Co 195?)". National Library of Australia. Retrieved 21 April 2024.
  14. ^ "A Song of Mother Love (Carter-Watson Co 1916)". National Library of Australia. Retrieved 21 April 2024.
  15. ^ "Zora Cross". The Central Queensland Herald. Vol. 2, no. 99. Queensland, Australia. 19 November 1931. p. 11. Retrieved 25 November 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
  16. ^ "Songs of Love and Life (Tyrell's 1917)". National Library of Australia. Retrieved 21 April 2024.
  17. ^ "The Lilt of Life (Angus & Robertson 1918)". National Library of Australia. Retrieved 21 April 2024.
  18. ^ "The City of Riddle-Me-Ree (Angus & Robertson 1918)". National Library of Australia. Retrieved 21 April 2024.
  19. ^ "Elegy on an Australian Schoolboy (Angus & Robertson 1921)". National Library of Australia. Retrieved 21 April 2024.
  20. ^ Steele, J. A. (James A.); Cross, Zora, 1890-1964 (1937), "Dream travel two-part song / words by Zora Cross ; music by J.A. Steele", Allan's Part-songs, Allan & Co, retrieved 25 November 2019{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  21. ^ "An Introduction to the Study of Australian Literature (Teachers' College Press 1922)". National Library of Australia. Retrieved 21 April 2024.
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