List of companies involved in quantum computing or communication
This list has no precise inclusion criteria as described in the Manual of Style for standalone lists. (May 2019) |
This article lists the companies worldwide engaged in the development of quantum computing, quantum communication and quantum sensing. Quantum computing and communication are two sub-fields of quantum information science, which describes and theorizes information science in terms of quantum physics. While the fundamental unit of classical information is the bit, the basic unit of quantum information is the qubit. Quantum sensing is the third main sub-field of quantum technologies and it focus consists in taking advantage of the quantum states sensitivity to the surrounding environment to perform atomic scale measurements.
Company details
[edit]Company | Date initiated | Area | Technology | Affiliate University or Research Institute | Headquarters | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AbaQus | May 1, 2021 | Applications | Algorithms | University of British Columbia | Vancouver, Canada | |
Accenture[1] | June 14, 2017 | Computing | Dublin, Ireland | |||
AEGIQ[2] | 2019 | Computing/Communication | Photonics and Integrated Photonics, Quantum Dots, Cryptography, Photonic Quantum Computing | Sheffield, UK | ||
Agnostiq | 2018 | Computing | High Performance Computing, Open Source HPC/Quantum Workflow Manager,[3][4] Quantum Software | University of Toronto, Rotman School of Management, Creative Destruction Lab (CDL) | Toronto, Canada | |
Alice&Bob | 2020 | Computing | Superconducting cat qubits | Laboratoire de Physique de l’Ecole normale supérieure (LPENS), Centre Automatique et Systèmes, Mines Paris, Inria, ENS-PSL, PSL University, CNRS, Sorbonne University[5] | Paris, France | |
Aliro Quantum | 2019 | Computing/Networking | Quantum Development Environment, Quantum Network Simulation/Emulation | Spun out of Narang Lab, Harvard | Boston, MA, US | |
Alpine Quantum Technologies[6] | 2018 | Computing | Trapped Ion | University of Innsbruck and the Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information (IQOQI) | Innsbruck, Austria | |
Amazon[7][8] | 2021 | Computing | Superconducting | California Institute of Technology | Pasadena, CA, USA | |
AmberFlux | 2019 | Computing/Communications | Quantum Programming, Classical Simulation, Optimization, Algorithms, Quantum Financial Services | Hyderabad, India | ||
Anyon Systems Inc.[9] | 2014 | Computing | Superconducting quantum processors, cryogenic systems, control electronics, software development kit | Montreal, Canada | ||
Airbus[10] | 2015 | Computing | Algorithms | Blagnac, France | ||
Archer Materials | 2018 | Computing | Quantum Computing, Semiconductors | University of Sydney,[11] École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne | Adelaide, Australia | |
AT&T[12] | 2011 | Communication | California Institute of Technology, Fermilab[13] | Dallas, TX, USA | ||
Atom Computing | 2018 | Computing/Hardware | Cold/Neutral Atoms, Quantum Algorithms | National Science Foundation, CUbit Quantum Initiative | Berkeley, CA, USA | |
Aliyun (Alibaba Cloud)[14] | July 30, 2015 | Computing/Communication[14][15] | Superconducting | Chinese Academy of Sciences[15][16][17] | Hangzhou, China | |
Atos[18][19] | Computing/Communication | Quantum Programming, Classical Simulation, Cryptography | Bezons, France | |||
AUREA Technology | 2010 | Quantum Communication, Quantum Cryptography, Quantum Entanglement | Single-photon source, Photon counting, Quantum key distribution, Photonics, Single-photon avalanche diode | Besancon, France | ||
Automatski | 1993 | Computing | Applications, Quantum Computers, Quantum Simulators, Quantum Annealers, Classical Solvers | Bengaluru, India | ||
Baidu[20] | 2018 | Computing | Algorithms | University of Technology Sydney[20] | Beijing, China | |
Bleximo[21] | 2018 | Computing | Application Specific Superconducting | Berkeley, CA, USA | ||
BOLTZ.AI[22] | 2020 | Applications | Quantum Application, Quantum Algorithms, Quantum programming, Quantum Consulting | University of Toronto[20] | Toronto, Canada | |
Booz Allen Hamilton[23] | Computing | Tysons Corner, VA, USA | ||||
Boxcat Inc.[24] | 2017 | Computing | Quantum Algorithms, Quantum Rendering, Quantum Image Processing, Super-Resolution, Quantum Machine Learning | University of Toronto, UFRN[25] | Toronto, Canada | |
BT[26] | Communication | London, UK | ||||
Carl Zeiss AG[27] | University College London | Oberkochen, Germany | ||||
Classiq[28] | 2019 | Computing | Quantum Algorithms Quantum Software | Technion – Israel Institute of Technology | Tel-Aviv, Israel | |
CogniFrame Inc[29][30] | 2019 | Computing | Quantum Algorithms Quantum and Near Quantum Solutions to solve NP Hard, Optimization, Simulation & Machine Learning problems. Has launched Plug and Play app store www.firstqstore.com | University of Toronto | Toronto, Ontario, Canada | |
ColdQuanta/Infleqtion | 2005 | Computing, Communication, Sensing | Trapped neutral Cesium atoms. | University of Wisconsin–Madison, University of Colorado Boulder | Boulder, CO, USA | |
ColibrITD | 2019 | Computing, Platform QaaS | Quantum Algorithms Quantum Software Quantum Platform | Paris, France | ||
Cosmica | 2024 | Computing | Quantum Annealers/Emulators/Computers | Orlando, FL, USA | ||
Cube Robot X | 2004 | Computing | Photonic, Trapped Ion, Quantum Algorithms, Quantum Programming, Robotics | University of applied science in Augsburg (FH) | Langweid am Lech, Bavaria Germany | |
Cyberknight Inc. | 2023 | Computing | Quantum Software | Boston, Massachusetts, United States | ||
Cystel Limited[31] | 2023 | Quantum Communication Security, Quantum Cryptography Security | Quantum Security Policy, Quantum Transformation, Quantum key distribution Security, Quantum Cyber Risk Governance and Compliance | England, United Kingdom | ||
D-Wave | January 1, 1999 | Computing | Superconducting Quantum Annealer | Burnaby, Canada | ||
eleQtron | 2020 | Computing | Trapped Ion | Universität Siegen | Siegen, Germany | |
Elyah[32] | 2018 | Computing | Quantum Programming,[33] Classical Simulation, Software as a service | Tokyo, Japan | ||
Entropica Labs[34] | May 2018[35] | Algorithm | Quantum Algorithms, Quantum Programming, Quantum Machine Learning,[36] Quantum Software Tools, Open Source Software | Center for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore | Singapore | |
Fujitsu[37] | September 28, 2015 | Communication | Quantum Dots | University of Tokyo | Tokyo, Japan | |
Google QuAIL[38] | May 16, 2013 | Computing | Superconducting | UCSB | Mountain View, CA, USA | |
HIQUTE Diamond | 2022 | Quantum sensing platforms | NV Center for Quantum Sensing | Laboratoire des Sciences des Procédés et des Matériaux | Villetaneuse (Paris), France | |
Hitachi | 2012 | Computing | Silicon CMOS[39] | University of Cambridge, University College London, CEA, University of Copenhagen | Hitachi Cambridge Laboratory, UK[40] and Tokyo, Japan | |
Horizon Quantum Computing[41] | 2018 | Computing | Quantum Algorithms, Quantum Compilation, Quantum Programming, Software as a service | CQT | Singapore | |
HP[42][43] | Computing[42]/Communication[43] | Algorithms, NMR | Palo Alto, CA, USA | |||
HQS Quantum Simulations[44] | 2017 | Computing | Quantum Algorithms, Quantum Programming, Classical Simulation | Karlsruhe, Germany | ||
HRL Laboratories | Computing | Quantum Dots | Malibu, CA, USA | |||
Huawei Noah's Ark Lab[45] | Communication | Nanjing University | Shenzhen, China | |||
IBM[46] | September 10, 1990[47] | Computing | Superconducting | MIT[48] | Armonk, NY, USA | |
ID Quantique | July 1, 2001 | Communication | Geneva, Switzerland | |||
imec[49] | Computing | Superconducting | Belgium | |||
Intel[50] | September 3, 2015 | Computing | TU Delft | Santa Clara, CA, USA | ||
Infineon Technologies[51][52] | 2019 | Computing | Trapped Ion, Post-Quantum Cryptography | University of Innsbruck | Neubiberg, Germany | |
ionQ[53][54] | 2015 | Computing | Trapped Ion | University of Maryland, Duke University | College Park, MD, USA | |
IQM Quantum Computers | 2019 | Computing | Superconducting | Aalto University | Espoo, Finland | |
KEEQuant | 2020 | Quantum cryptography | Continuous Variable QKD, Key Management Systems (KMS) | Fürth, Germany | ||
Kipu Quantum | 2022 | Computing | Quantum Algorithms | Munich, Germany | ||
KPN[55] | Communication | The Hague, Netherlands | ||||
Lockheed Martin | Computing | Quantum Annealing | University of Southern California, University College London | Bethesda, MD, USA | ||
main incubator | 2019 | Computing | Quantum Financial Services | Frankfurt, Germany | ||
MagiQ | 1999 | Communication | Somerville, MA, USA | |||
Microsoft | April 22, 2005 | Computing | Topological, quantum software stack, Quantum algorithms | Niels Bohr Institute, University of Sydney, Purdue University, University of Maryland, ETH Zurich, UCSB | Redmond, WA, USA | |
Mitsubishi[56] | Communication | Tokyo, Japan | ||||
Nanoacademic Technologies Inc. | 2008 | Computing/Hardware design
Computing/Communication |
Quantum Dots | Montreal, QC, Canada | ||
NEC Corporation[57] | April 29, 1999[58] | Communication | Quantum Dots | University of Tokyo | Tokyo, Japan | |
Next Generation Quantum[59] | 2019 | Computing//Networking | Optical quantum interconnects for quantum computing clusters | City University of New York | New York, NY, USA | |
Nokia Bell Labs[60][61] | Computing | University of Oxford | Murray Hill, NJ, USA | |||
Northrop Grumman | Computing | West Falls Church, VA, USA | ||||
NTT Laboratories[62] | Computing/Communication | Photonic Quantum Computing, Quantum Communication | Bristol University | Tokyo, Japan | ||
Nu Quantum[63][64] | 2018 | Communication | Photonic Quantum Computing,[64] Quantum Communication[65] | University of Cambridge[66] | Cambridge, UK | |
Oxford Ionics | 2019 | Computing | Trapped ion | University of Oxford | Oxford, UK | |
Oxford Quantum Circuits[67] | 2017 | Computing | Superconducting | University of Oxford | Reading, UK | |
ParityQC | 2020 | Computing | Quantum architecture, Quantum Algorithm, Software-as-a-Service | University of Innsbruck | Innsbruck, Austria | |
PASQAL | 2019 | Computing | Quantum Algorithms
Quantum Hardware |
Massy, France | ||
Phasecraft[68] | 2018 | Computing | Quantum algorithms | Bristol University | Bristol, England and London, England | |
PsiQuantum[69] | 2016 | Computing | Photonic Quantum Computing | Bristol University | Palo Alto, CA, USA | |
Q. BPO Consulting | 2020 | Consulting & Engineering | QML Q-ANN Optimization | Paris, France | ||
Q.ANT | 2018 | Computing | Photonic Quantum Computing
Quantum Algorithms |
Stuttgart, Germany | ||
Qblox[70] | 2018 | Computing | Quantum Control and Readout[71] | Delft, Netherlands | ||
QC Ware | 2014 | Computing | Quantum Algorithms
Quantum Computing Software |
Palo Alto, CA | ||
Qedma | 2020 | Computing | Error reduction | Quantum Computing Software | Tel-Aviv, Israel | |
Qilimanjaro Quantum Tech | 2019 | Computing | Fast-to-market app-specific quantum computers with true quantum benefits by co-designing chips & algorithms and bypassing the qubit fragility barrier | Institute For High Energy Physics (IFAE)
Universitat de Barcelona (UB) Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC) |
Barcelona, Spain | |
Qkrishi [72][73][74] | 2021 | Computing | Quantum Finance
Quantum Algorithms |
Gurgaon, India | ||
Quantized Technologies Inc. (QTI) | 2021 | Quantum cryptography | University of Calgary | Calgary, Canada | ||
Qulabs.ai | 2018 | Quantum communication | Quantum cryptography | Quantum key distribution | NJ, USA & Hyderabad, IND, USA | |
Quobly | 2022 | Grenoble, France | ||||
QpiAI | 2019 | Computing | Quantum Algorithms
Quantum Hardware |
Bangalore, IND, USA | ||
QNu Labs | 2016 | Quantum cryptography | Quantum key distribution,
Quantum Random Number Generator |
IIT Madras | Bangalore, IND, USA | |
QRCrypto SA | 2019 | Communication, applied computing | Post-quantum symmetric cryptography for use within[75] and outside of Quantum key distribution networks, including 5G, IPTV[76] and PKI.[77] Quantum-resistance testing of cryptography in laboratory environments. | EPFL, Ruhr-Universität Bochum spin-off (cryptanalyses). UAS Western Switzerland (performance tests) and several leading Spanish universities (European projects). | Fribourg, Switzerland | |
QRDLab | June 30, 2020 | Computing, Consulting, Education | Superconducting | University of Calcutta | Kolkata, India | |
Qrypt | 2018 | Quantum cryptography | Cryptography | New York, USA | ||
Quandela | 2017 | Quantum Computing | Photonic Quantum Computing | Palaiseau, France | ||
Quantagonia [78] | 2021 | Computing | Quantum Algorithms, Hybrid Computing,[79] Quantum Software | Frankfurt am Main, Germany | ||
Quantinuum (merger of Honeywell Quantum Solutions and Cambridge Quantum Computing)[80][81][82][83] | 2021 | Computing | Trapped Ion hardware, quantum software stack, quantum algorithms | University of Cambridge | Cambridge, UK and Broomfield CO, USA[81] | |
Quantum Benchmark[84] | 2017 | Computing | Quantum software for co-design of error-robust applications, algorithm performance optimization, cross-platform assessment tools, error detection and suppression | Kitchener, Ontario, Canada | ||
Quantum Benchmark Labs | 2019 | Computing | Quantum software for co-design of error-robust applications, algorithm performance optimization, cross-platform assessment tools, error detection and suppression | Berkeley, CA, USA | ||
QxBranch | 2014 | Computing | Washington, D.C., USA | |||
Quantum Brilliance | 2019 | Computing | Diamond defect spin | Australian National University | Canberra, Australia | |
Quantum Circuits, Inc.[85] | 2015 | Computing | Superconducting | Yale | Connecticut, USA | |
Quantum Computing Inc.[86] | 2001 | Computing | Quantum computing applications[87] | Leesburg, VA, USA | ||
Quantum Machines[88] | 2018 | Computing | Quantum control electronics and software[89] | Tel Aviv, Israel | ||
Quantum Source Labs | 2021 | Computing | Photonics Quantum computing | Ness Ziyona, Israel | ||
Quantum Thought[90] | 2018 | Computing | Quantum Algorithms | San Francisco | California, USA | |
Qubrid | 2023 | Quantum Computing, Classical Computing | Hybrid Classical-Quantum Cloud Platform, Quantum Algorithms | McLean | McLean, VA | |
Qudora Technologies | 2020 | Quantum Computing | Microwave controlled trapped ions | Hannover, Braunschweig | Hamburg, Braunschweig, Hannover, GER | |
QuEra Computing[91] | 2019 | Computing | Neutral Atoms | Boston | Massachusetts, USA | |
Qunnect Inc.[92] | 2017 | Quantum Networks | Optical quantum interconnects for quantum communications and etanglement distribution | New York City | New York, USA | |
QuSecure[93] | 2019 | Communications | Post-Quantum Cryptography | San Mateo | California, USA | |
Raytheon/BBN[94] | Computing/Communication | Superconducting | MIT | Cambridge, MA, USA | ||
Rigetti Computing | 2013 | Computing | Superconducting | Berkeley | California, USA | |
Riverlane | 2016 | Computing | Error correction and Control systems and Algorithms | Cambridge | England, UK | |
SaxonQ [95] | 2021 | Quantum Computing | Nitrogen-vacancy centers | Leipzig University | Leipzig, Germany | |
Seeqc | 2019 | Quantum Computing, Chip Manufacturing | Quantum Computing, Superconducting Electronics | Elmsford, NY, USA | ||
Silicofeller[96] | 2021 | Computing | Superconducting | New Delhi | Delhi, India | |
Silicon Quantum Computing | 2017 | Computing | Atom qubits in silicon | University of New South Wales | Sydney, New South Wales, Australia | |
Tabor Quantum Solutions | 1971 | Computing, Communication, Sensing | Direct RF/uW Large Scale Control Systems | Haifa, Israel | ||
Terra Quantum | 2019 | Computing | Quantum Computing, Quantum Metrology & Sensors, Quantum Cryptography, Quantum Random Number Generators | Rorschach, Switzerland | ||
ThinkQuantum[97] | 2021 | Communication | Quantum Key Distribution, Quantum Random Number Generators | University of Padova | Sarcedo, Italy | |
Toshiba[98] | Communication | Quantum Dots | University of Cambridge | Tokyo, Japan | ||
Turkcell[99] | 1994 | Communication | Telecommunication | Istanbul, Turkey | ||
Taqbit Labs Pvt Ltd[100] | February 2, 2018 | Quantum cryptography | Quantum Communication | India | ||
Universal Quantum | 2018 | Computing | Trapped Ion[101] | University of Sussex | Hayward's Heath, UK | |
Zapata AI[102] | 2017 | Computing | Quantum Algorithms
Orquestra Quantum Operating Environment[103] |
University of Toronto | Boston, MA, USA | |
1QBit | December 1, 2012 | Computing | Vancouver, Canada | |||
ColdQuanta Inc.[104] | 2007 | Computing, Quantum Machines and Devices, Quantum Research as a Service | Cold Atom[105] | University of Colorado Boulder,[106] University of Wisconsin-Madison[107] | Boulder, CO, USA | |
Xanadu Quantum Technologies[108][109] | 2016 | Computing/Communication | Photonic Quantum Computing | Toronto, Canada | ||
Qubitrium[110] | 2020 | Applications | Quantum communication, Information security, Quantum imaging | Istanbul, Turkey | ||
XeedQ | 2021 | Computing | Diamond defect spin | Leipzig, Germany | ||
Entangled Networks | 2021 | Quantum Computing, Quantum Communication | Quantum communication algorithms, Quantum networking fabrics | Toronto, Canada | ||
QuiX Quantum[111] | 2019 | Computing | Photonic Quantum Computing | Enschede, NL |
See also
[edit]==References==qq
Further reading
[edit]- Quantum Computing Report's list of quantum players
- The Quantum Insider's list of quantum computing companies
- ^ "(Press Release) Accenture Labs and 1QBit Work with Biogen to Apply Quantum Computing to Accelerate Drug Discovery | Accenture Newsroom". newsroom.accenture.com. Retrieved 2017-10-04.
- ^ Swayne, Matt (2020-09-09). "UK Start-up AegiQ Secures £1.4 Million to Develop Secure Quantum Communications". The Quantum Daily. Retrieved 2021-05-13.
- ^ "Covalent". Agnostiq. Retrieved 2022-02-03.
- ^ AgnostiqHQ/covalent, Agnostiq, 2022-02-02, retrieved 2022-02-03
- ^ Berdou, C.; Murani, A.; Réglade, U.; Smith, W.C.; Villiers, M.; Palomo, J.; Rosticher, M.; Denis, A.; Morfin, P.; Delbecq, M.; Kontos, T.; Pankratova, N.; Rautschke, F.; Peronnin, T.; Sellem, L.-A. (2023-06-23). "One Hundred Second Bit-Flip Time in a Two-Photon Dissipative Oscillator". PRX Quantum. 4 (2): 020350. arXiv:2204.09128. Bibcode:2023PRXQ....4b0350B. doi:10.1103/PRXQuantum.4.020350. S2CID 248266366.
- ^ Heles, Thierry (2018-02-09). "Innsbruck processes Alpine Quantum". University Venturing: News, Data and Events - Global University Venturing. Retrieved 2021-04-26.
- ^ "Announcing the opening of the AWS Center for Quantum Computing". Amazon Web Services. 2021-10-26. Retrieved 2021-10-26.
- ^ Whalen, Jeanne (2021-10-26). "Amazon joins race for quantum computer with new Caltech center". Washington Post. Retrieved 2021-10-26.
- ^ Calcul Québec (June 9, 2022). "A Québec quantum computer dedicated to science". www.calculquebec.ca. Retrieved 2022-06-09.
- ^ Tovey, Alan (2015-12-26). "Airbus's quantum computing brings Silicon Valley to the Welsh Valleys". Daily Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 2017-11-02.
- ^ "Our members". The University of Sydney. Retrieved 2024-05-02.
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- ^ "FQNET - home". inqnet.caltech.edu. Retrieved 2019-04-26.
- ^ a b "(Press Release) Alibaba Group". www.alibabagroup.com. Retrieved 2017-10-04.
- ^ a b "Alibaba looks to quantum computing for next-gen cloud | Business Cloud News". www.businesscloudnews.com. Retrieved 2017-11-01.
- ^ "Alibaba Launches Global Research Program for Cutting-Edge Technology Development". www.businesswire.com. 11 October 2017. Retrieved 2017-11-01.
- ^ Horwitz, Josh. "Alibaba is plowing $15 billion into R&D with seven new research labs worldwide". Quartz. Retrieved 2017-11-01.
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- ^ "(Press Release)Atos launches "Atos Quantum", the first quantum computing industry program in Europe". Atos. 2016-11-06. Retrieved 2017-10-04.
- ^ a b c "After Alibaba, Baidu leaps into quantum computing · TechNode". TechNode. 2018-03-08. Retrieved 2019-04-26.
- ^ Lardinois, Frederic (2018-09-25). "Bleximo raises $1.5M for its quantum computing accelerators". TechCrunch. Retrieved 2022-11-07.
- ^ "BOLTZ.AI · TechNode". TechNode. 2021-02-04. Retrieved 2021-02-04.
- ^ "18 Corporations Working On Quantum Computing". CB Insights Research. September 13, 2016.
- ^ Alves, Ystallonne (November 2019). "Super-Resolution for Imagery Enhancement Using Variational Quantum Eigensolver". 2019 IEEE Global Conference on Signal and Information Processing (GlobalSIP). Ottawa, ON, Canada: IEEE. pp. 1–5. doi:10.1109/GlobalSIP45357.2019.8969496. ISBN 978-1-7281-2723-1. S2CID 210972353.
- ^ Alves, Ystallonne Carlos da Silva (2019-07-31). "Quantum computing application in super-resolution" (in Brazilian Portuguese).
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- ^ "Industry Projects | UCL Quantum". www.uclq.org. Retrieved 2017-10-04.
- ^ "Classiq Technologies Homepage". Classiq. Retrieved 2020-11-04.
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- ^ "About Us". Elyah. Retrieved 2020-06-18.
- ^ "Product". Elyah. Retrieved 2020-06-18.
- ^ Punay, Nathanielle (2020-07-01). "Entropica Labs aims to make quantum computers commercial". Singapore Business Review. Retrieved 2023-10-05.
- ^ Singapore quantum computing startup Entropica Labs bags $1.8m in seed funding|url=https://www.techinasia.com/entropica-labs-seed-funding#:~:text=Entropica%20was%20founded%20by%20Tommaso,telecom%20firm%20Orange%20in%20France.
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- ^ Schaal, Simon; Rossi, Alessandro; Ciriano-Tejel, Virginia N.; Yang, Tsung-Yeh; Barraud, Sylvain; Morton, John J. L.; Gonzalez-Zalba, M. Fernando (2019). "A CMOS dynamic random access architecture for radio-frequency readout of quantum devices". Nature Electronics. 2 (6): 236–242. arXiv:1809.03894. doi:10.1038/s41928-019-0259-5. S2CID 116375975.
- ^ "Hitachi Cambridge Laboratory".
- ^ "Horizon Quantum raises $3.23M for its quantum software development tools". TechCrunch. Retrieved 2020-12-14.
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- ^ a b "Research at HP Labs : Information Dynamics Lab : Research Areas : Quantum Computing". www.hpl.hp.com. Retrieved 2017-11-01.
- ^ "HQS Quantum Simulations Brings In 12 Million Euros In Series A Funding". Insidequantumtechnology.com.
- ^ "Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures_Section of Student Exchange Programmes Office of International Cooperation and Exchanges". stuex.nju.edu.cn.
- ^ "Theory of quantum computing and information group - IBM". researcher.ibm.com. 2016-07-25. Retrieved 2017-10-04.
- ^ C.H. Bennett et al., J. Cryptology 5, 3 (1992) doi:10.1007/BF00191318
- ^ "IBM Research AI". IBM Research AI. June 5, 2018.
- ^ "Quantum computing - imec". www.imec-int.com.
- ^ "(Press Release) Intel Invests US$50 Million to Advance Quantum Computing | Intel Newsroom". Intel Newsroom. Retrieved 2017-10-04.
- ^ "Quantum computers to become portable". CORDIS. Retrieved 2020-01-24.
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- ^ Hernandez, Daniela (2016-08-03). "Scientists Harness Quantum Physics to Build a Programmable Computer". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 2017-10-04.
- ^ Gregg, Aaron (2017-01-01). "Start-up IonQ sees opportunity in still-developing area of quantum computers". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2017-11-01.
- ^ "(Press Release) Pers". KPN Corporate (in Dutch). Retrieved 2017-10-04.
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- ^ "(Press Release) University of Tokyo, Fujitsu, and NEC Succeed in Quantum Key Distribution from Single-Photon Emitter at World-Record Distance of 120 km". NEC. Retrieved 2017-10-04.
- ^ https://docs.nanoacademic.com/qtcad/ Félix Beaudoin, Pericles Philippopoulos, Chenyi Zhou, Ioanna Kriekouki, Michel Pioro-Ladrière, Hong Guo, and Philippe Galy https://aip.scitation.org/doi/abs/10.1063/5.0097202 Appl. Phys. Lett. 120, 264001 (2022);
- ^ "Next Generation Quantum, Corp".
- ^ "Quantum Computing & Communications - Bell Labs". www.bell-labs.com. Retrieved 2017-10-04.
- ^ "The Future of Quantum Computing Could Depend on This Tricky Qubit". WIRED. Retrieved 2017-11-04.
- ^ Carolan, Jacques; Harrold, Christopher; Sparrow, Chris; Martín-López, Enrique; Russell, Nicholas J.; Silverstone, Joshua W.; Shadbolt, Peter J.; Matsuda, Nobuyuki; Oguma, Manabu (2015-07-09). "Universal linear optics". Science. 349 (6249): 711–716. arXiv:1505.01182. doi:10.1126/science.aab3642. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 26160375. S2CID 19067232.
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- ^ a b "Quantum photonics startup Nu Quantum raises £2.1M from Amadeus Capital Partners". TechCrunch. Retrieved 2021-07-05.
- ^ "UKRI Project - AIRQKD". UK Research and Innovation. Retrieved 2021-07-05.
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- ^ "About Qblox".
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- ^ ITU-T X.1714 Key combination and confidential key supply for quantum key distribution networks (to be published)
- ^ "ITU-T X.1197 Guidelines on criteria for selecting cryptographic algorithms for IPTV service and content protection, Amendment 1".
- ^ ITU-T X.510 | ISO/IEC 9594-11 Information technology - Open Systems Interconnection - The Directory: Protocol specifications for secure operations, to be published
- ^ "About Quantagonia". Quantagonia GmbH. Retrieved 2023-09-06.
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