Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4/Biology and health sciences

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Vital articles is a list of subjects for which Wikipedia should have correspondingly high-quality articles. It serves as a centralized watchlist to track the status of Wikipedia's most essential articles. This is one of eleven Level 4 sub-lists of ten thousand articles and is currently under construction.

Articles in the Vital list have their assessments labelled as:

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Total 1,481 articles.

Class	#Articles
FA	102
GA	217
FFA	34
DGA	40

Biology and health sciences

This section contains 1481 articles.

Biology and health sciences: General

This section contains 43 articles.

Basics

This section contains 14 articles.

1. Life (Level 1)
   1. Death
      1. Suicide (Level 3)
   2. Abiogenesis (Level 3)
   3. Organism (Level 3)
      1. Model organism
2. Biology (Level 2)
   1. Microbiology
   2. Mycology
3. Biomechanics
4. Neuroscience
   1. Sense
5. Paleontology (Level 3)
   1. Fossil

Evolution

This section contains 14 articles.

1. Evolution (Level 2)
   1. Natural selection (Level 3)
   2. Adaptation
   3. Genetic drift
   4. History of life
   5. Mutation
2. Human evolution
   1. Australopithecus
   2. Homo habilis
   3. Homo erectus
   4. Cro-Magnon
   5. Denisovan
   6. Neanderthal
   7. Paranthropus

Genetics and taxonomy

This section contains 15 articles.

1. Genetics (Level 3)
   1. Gene (Level 3)
   2. Genetic code
   3. Gene expression
   4. Heredity
   5. Epigenetics
   6. Human genome
   7. Hybrid
   8. Mendelian inheritance
2. Phylogenetics
   1. Binomial nomenclature
   2. Taxonomy (Level 3)
      1. Domain
      2. Kingdom
      3. Species (Level 3)

Anatomy and morphology

This section contains 121 articles.

Basics

This section contains 5 articles.

1. Anatomy (Level 3)
2. Dissection
3. Organ
4. Tissue
5. Sexual dimorphism

Animal

This section contains 94 articles.

Animal: General

This section contains 9 articles.

1. Endocrine system
   1. Adrenal gland
   2. Thyroid
2. Immune system (Level 3)
   1. Antibody
3. Abdomen
4. Head
5. Thorax
6. Venom

Circulatory system

This section contains 10 articles.

1. Circulatory system
2. Artery
3. Blood
   1. Red blood cell
   2. White blood cell
4. Capillary
5. Heart (Level 3)
6. Lymphatic system
7. Spleen
8. Vein

Digestive system

This section contains 7 articles.

1. Mouth
2. Esophagus
3. Stomach
4. Small intestine
5. Large intestine
6. Liver
7. Pancreas

Muscular system

This section contains 4 articles.

1. Muscular system
2. Muscle cell
3. Sarcomere
4. Skeletal muscle

Nervous system

This section contains 25 articles.

1. Nervous system
   1. Central nervous system
   2. Peripheral nervous system
2. Brain (Level 3)
   1. Brainstem
   2. Cerebellum
   3. Cerebral cortex
   4. Cerebrum
   5. Neuron
3. Spinal cord
4. Sensory nervous system
5. Auditory system
   1. Ear (Level 3)
   2. Hearing
6. Taste
   1. Tongue
7. Olfactory system
   1. Nose
   2. Sense of smell
8. Somatosensory system
   1. Pain
9. Visual system
   1. Eye
   2. Visual perception
      1. Color vision

Integumentary system

This section contains 9 articles.

1. Integumentary system
2. Breast
3. Feather
4. Fingerprint
5. Fur
6. Hair
7. Nail (anatomy)
8. Scale (zoology)
9. Skin

Reproductive system

This section contains 11 articles.

1. Reproductive system
   1. Female reproductive system
   2. Male reproductive system
2. Sex organ
   1. Clitoris
   2. Ovary
   3. Penis
   4. Placenta
   5. Testicle
   6. Uterus
   7. Vagina

Respiratory system

This section contains 3 articles.

1. Respiratory system
2. Gill
3. Lung (Level 3)

Skeletal system

This section contains 7 articles.

1. Skeleton
2. Bone
3. Jaw
4. Joint
5. Pelvis
6. Skull
7. Vertebral column

Urinary system

This section contains 3 articles.

1. Bladder
2. Kidney
3. Urinary system

Tissues

This section contains 6 articles.

1. Connective tissue
   1. Cartilage
   2. Tendon
2. Epithelium
3. Muscle
4. Nervous tissue

Plant

This section contains 20 articles.

Plant: General

This section contains 12 articles.

1. Plant anatomy
2. Plant morphology
3. Flower
4. Fruit
   1. Berry
   2. Nut
5. Leaf
6. Root
7. Stoma
8. Seed
9. Shrub
10. Tree (Level 3)

Plant stem

This section contains 3 articles.

1. Plant stem
2. Bark
3. Trunk

Plant tissues

This section contains 5 articles.

1. Epidermis
2. Ground tissue
3. Meristem
4. Vascular tissue
5. Vascular cambium

Fungus

This section contains 2 articles.

1. Hypha
2. Mycelium

Biochemistry and molecular biology

This section contains 42 articles.

1. Biochemistry
2. Chemical biology
3. Molecular biology
4. Biomolecule
5. Alkaloid
   1. Caffeine
   2. Cocaine
   3. Morphine
   4. Nicotine
6. Biological pigment
   1. Carotenoid
   2. Chlorophyll
   3. Melanin
7. Carbohydrate
   1. Sugars
      1. Fructose
      2. Glucose
      3. Lactose
   2. Polysaccharides
      1. Cellulose
      2. Chitin
      3. Glycogen
      4. Starch
8. Hormone
   1. Dopamine
   2. Adrenaline
   3. Estrogen
   4. Insulin
   5. Oxytocin
   6. Plant hormone
   7. Testosterone
9. Lipid (Level 3)
   1. Steroid
      1. Cholesterol
   2. Fat
   3. Fatty acid
10. Nucleic acid
    1. DNA (Level 3)
    2. RNA (Level 3)
11. Protein (Level 3)
    1. Amino acid
    2. Enzyme
    3. Hemoglobin
    4. Protein (nutrient)

Biological processes and physiology

This section contains 49 articles.

Basics

This section contains 12 articles.

1. Physiology
2. Blood sugar level
3. Breathing
4. Circadian rhythm
5. Digestion
6. Excretion
7. Metabolism (Level 3)
8. Muscle contraction
9. Photosynthesis
10. Respiration
11. Thermoregulation
12. Transpiration

Biological reproduction

This section contains 8 articles.

1. Reproduction
2. Asexual reproduction
3. Sexual reproduction
   1. Sex
   2. Female
   3. Male
4. Microbial cyst
5. Spore

Animal reproduction

This section contains 7 articles.

1. Birth
2. Egg
3. Menstrual cycle
4. Menopause
5. Pregnancy
6. Semen
7. Sperm

Plant reproduction

This section contains 7 articles.

1. Plant reproduction
2. Alternation of generations
3. Gametophyte
4. Plant reproductive morphology
5. Pollen
6. Pollination
7. Sporophyte

Development

This section contains 2 articles.

1. Developmental biology
2. Development of the human body

Animal ontogeny

This section contains 13 articles.

1. Cuticle
2. Embryo
3. Fetus
4. Imago
5. Larva
6. Longevity
7. Metamorphosis
8. Moulting
9. Nymph
10. Ontogeny
11. Puberty
12. The Pupa
13. Tadpole

Botany

This section contains 5 articles.

1. Botany (Level 3)
2. Plant (Level 2)
   1. Carnivorous plant
   2. Flowering plant
   3. Weed

Cell biology

This section contains 36 articles.

Cell biology: General

This section contains 1 article.

1. Cell biology

Cell processes

This section contains 10 articles.

1. Active transport
2. Cell signaling
3. Cellular respiration
   1. Glycolysis
4. DNA replication
5. Fermentation
6. Programmed cell death
7. Stem cell
8. Transcription
9. Translation (biology)

Cellular division

This section contains 5 articles.

1. Cell cycle
2. Fission
3. Meiosis
4. Mitosis
5. Plasmid

Cell parts

This section contains 6 articles.

1. Cell (Level 2)
2. Cell membrane
3. Cytoplasm
4. Cytoskeleton
5. Flagellum
6. Symbiogenesis

Organelles

This section contains 10 articles.

1. Organelle
2. Cell nucleus
   1. Chromosome
3. Centriole
4. Endoplasmic reticulum
5. Golgi apparatus
6. Lysosome
7. Mitochondrion
8. Ribosome
9. Vacuole

Plant cells

This section contains 4 articles.

1. Plant cell
2. Cell wall
3. Chloroplast
4. Plastid

Ecology

This section contains 17 articles.

1. Ecology (Level 2)
2. Biodiversity
3. Biome
4. Biosphere
5. Competition (biology)
6. Ecological niche
7. Ecosystem
8. Endangered species
9. Extinction
10. Extremophile
11. Habitat
12. Invasive species
13. Parasitism
14. Population
15. Sustainability
16. Symbiosis
17. Wildlife conservation

Zoology

This section contains 18 articles.

Zoology: General

This section contains 4 articles.

1. Zoology
2. Animal (Level 2)
3. Animal coloration
   1. Camouflage

Ethology

This section contains 14 articles.

1. Ethology
2. Intelligence (Level 3)
3. Sleep
   1. Hibernation
4. Animal locomotion
   1. Bipedalism
5. Animal migration
6. Carnivore
   1. Predation
   2. Scavenger
7. Herbivore
   1. Grazing
8. Instinct
9. Sociality

Organisms

This section contains 868 articles.

Animals

This section contains 565 articles.

General classification

This section contains 8 articles.

1. Arthropod (Level 3)
2. Bilateria
3. Chordate
   1. Craniate
   2. Vertebrate
4. Gnathostomata
5. Invertebrate
6. Tetrapod

Cnidarians

This section contains 3 articles.

1. Cnidaria
2. Coral
3. Jellyfish

Echinoderms

This section contains 4 articles.

1. Echinoderm
2. Sea cucumber
3. Sea urchin
4. Starfish

Mollusks

This section contains 10 articles.

1. Mollusca (Level 3)
2. Clam
   1. Mussel
   2. Oyster
   3. Scallop
3. Octopus
4. Squid
5. Conch
6. Slug
   1. Snail

Porifera

This section contains 1 article.

1. Sponge

Arachnids

This section contains 7 articles.

1. Arachnid
2. Mite
3. Pseudoscorpion
4. Scorpion
5. Spider
   1. Tarantula
6. Tick

Crustaceans

This section contains 10 articles.

1. Crustacean (Level 3)
2. Crab
3. Crayfish
4. Decapod
5. Krill
6. Lobster
7. Malacostraca
8. Ostracod
9. Shrimp
10. Woodlouse

Insects

This section contains 59 articles.

1. Insect (Level 3)
   1. Pterygota
2. Cockroach
3. Earwig
4. Flea
5. Louse
   1. Body louse
6. Mantis
7. Phasmatodea
8. Termite

Beetles (Coleoptera) (5 articles)

1. Beetle
2. Coccinellidae
3. Dung beetle
4. Firefly
5. Weevil

Flies (Diptera) (10 articles)

1. Fly
2. Common fruit fly
3. Black fly
4. Botfly
5. Crane fly
6. Calliphoridae
7. Tabanidae
8. Housefly
9. Mosquito
10. Tsetse fly

Hemiptera (true bugs) (7 articles)

1. Hemiptera
2. Cicada
3. Bed bug
4. Leafhopper
5. Aphid
6. Scale insect
7. Whitefly

Hymenoptera

This section contains 10 articles.

1. Hymenoptera
2. Ant
   1. Fire ant
   2. Carpenter ant
3. Bee
   1. Bumblebee
   2. Africanized bee
   3. Western honey bee
4. Wasp
   1. Hornet

Lepidoptera

This section contains 8 articles.

1. Lepidoptera
2. Butterfly
3. Bombyx mori
4. Geometer moth
5. Lymantria dispar dispar
6. Moth
7. Pieris brassicae
8. Swallowtail butterfly

Odonata

This section contains 3 articles.

1. Odonata
2. Damselfly
3. Dragonfly

Orthoptera

This section contains 6 articles.

1. Orthoptera
2. Cricket (insect)
3. Grasshopper
4. Mole cricket
5. Locust
6. Tettigoniidae

Arthropoda, others

This section contains 9 articles.

1. Trilobite

Hexapoda

This section contains 2 articles.

1. Hexapoda
2. Springtail

Myriapoda

This section contains 3 articles.

1. Myriapoda
   1. Centipede
   2. Millipede

Chelicerata

This section contains 3 articles.

1. Chelicerata
2. Eurypterid
3. Xiphosura

Invertebrata, others

This section contains 10 articles.

Ecdysozoa

This section contains 3 articles.

1. Nematode
   1. Caenorhabditis elegans
2. Tardigrade

Lophotrochozoa

This section contains 5 articles.

1. Annelid
   1. Earthworm
   2. Leech
   3. Polychaete
2. Bryozoa

Platyzoa

This section contains 2 articles.

1. Flatworm
   1. Cestoda

Agnatha

This section contains 4 articles.

1. Agnatha
2. Hagfish
3. Lamprey
4. Ostracoderm

Fishes

This section contains 86 articles.

1. Fish (Level 3)
2. Coral reef fish
3. Deep-sea fish
4. Chondrichthyes
5. Acanthodii
6. Osteichthyes
   1. Actinopterygii
   2. Sarcopterygii
      1. Coelacanth
      2. Lungfish
7. Placoderm
8. Anglerfish
9. Arapaima
10. Chimaera
11. Eel
12. Electric eel
13. Flying fish
14. Milkfish
15. Northern pike
16. Oarfish
17. Mullet
18. Ophidiiformes
19. Scorpaeniformes
20. Stickleback

Batoidea

This section contains 6 articles.

1. Batomorphi
2. Stingray
3. Manta ray
4. Skate
5. Sawfish
6. Electric ray

Characiformes

This section contains 2 articles.

1. Characiformes
2. Piranha

Chondrosteans

This section contains 2 articles.

1. Bichir
2. Sturgeon

Clupeiformes

This section contains 5 articles.

1. Anchovy
2. Herring
3. Ilish
4. Sardine
5. Sprat

Cypriniformes

This section contains 4 articles.

1. Cypriniformes
   1. Carp
   2. Goldfish
   3. Koi

Cyprinodontiformes

This section contains 2 articles.

1. Cyprinodontiformes
2. Guppy

Gadiformes

This section contains 3 articles.

1. Alaska pollock
2. Cod
3. Haddock

Osmeriformes

This section contains 2 articles.

1. Galaxiidae
2. Smelt

Perciformes

This section contains 17 articles.

1. Perciformes
2. Barracuda
3. Cichlid
   1. Tilapia
4. Goby
5. Mackerel
6. Marlin
7. Mahi-mahi
8. Serranidae
   1. European seabass
   2. Grouper
9. Siamese fighting fish
10. Swordfish
11. Perch
12. Remora
13. Tuna
14. Wrasse

Pleuronectiformes

This section contains 5 articles.

1. Flatfish
2. Flounder
3. Halibut
4. Plaice
5. Turbot

Salmoniformes

This section contains 3 articles.

1. Salmonidae
2. Salmon
3. Trout

Sharks

This section contains 6 articles.

1. Shark
2. Great white shark
3. Hammerhead shark
4. Tiger shark
5. Nurse shark
6. Whale shark

Siluriformes

This section contains 2 articles.

1. Catfish
2. Loricariidae

Syngnathiformes

This section contains 1 article.

1. Seahorse

Tetraodontiformes

This section contains 2 articles.

1. Ocean sunfish
2. Tetraodontidae

Amphibians

This section contains 10 articles.

1. Amphibian (Level 3)
2. Caecilian
3. Salamander
   1. Newt
4. Frog
   1. Hylidae
   2. Leptodactylidae
   3. True toad
   4. True frog
      1. American bullfrog

Reptiles

This section contains 47 articles.

1. Reptile
2. Crocodilia
   1. Alligator
   2. Caiman
   3. Crocodile
3. Lizard
   1. Chameleon
   2. Gecko
   3. Gila monster
   4. Green iguana
   5. Horned lizard
   6. Komodo dragon
   7. Skink
4. Snake
   1. Eastern copperhead
   2. Agkistrodon piscivorus
   3. Boidae
   4. Coral snake
   5. Garter snake
   6. Sea snake
   7. Mamba
   8. Naja
   9. Rattlesnake
   10. Adder
5. Tuatara
6. Turtle
   1. Alligator snapping turtle
   2. Box turtle
   3. Common snapping turtle
   4. Painted turtle
   5. Red-eared slider
   6. Sea turtle
   7. Tortoise
      1. Galápagos tortoise

Dinosaurs and prehistoric reptiles

This section contains 13 articles.

1. Dinosaur (Level 3)
   1. Allosaurus
   2. Apatosaurus
   3. Diplodocus
   4. Iguanodon
   5. Stegosaurus
   6. Triceratops
   7. Tyrannosaurus
   8. Velociraptor
2. Plesiosaur
3. Pterosaur
4. Synapsida
   1. Dimetrodon

Birds

This section contains 116 articles.

General articles

This section contains 5 articles.

1. Bird (Level 3)
2. Seabird
3. Bird of prey
4. Palaeognathae
5. Archaeopteryx

Accipitriformes and Falconiformes

This section contains 9 articles.

1. Accipiter
2. Eagle
   1. Golden eagle
3. Falcon
   1. Peregrine falcon
4. New World vulture
5. Old World vulture
6. Osprey
7. Secretarybird

Anseriformes

This section contains 4 articles.

1. Duck
   1. Mallard
2. Goose
3. Swan

Apodiformes

This section contains 2 articles.

1. Hummingbird
2. Swift

Caprimulgiformes

This section contains 1 article.

1. Nightjar

Charadriiformes

This section contains 4 articles.

1. Auk
2. Gull
3. Sandpiper
4. Tern

Ciconiiformes

This section contains 4 articles.

1. Heron
2. Ibis
3. Shoebill
4. Stork

Columbiformes

This section contains 4 articles.

1. Columbidae
   1. Dodo
   2. Passenger pigeon
   3. Rock dove

Coraciiformes

This section contains 3 articles.

1. River kingfisher
2. Hornbill
3. Hoopoe

Cuculiformes

This section contains 3 articles.

1. Cuckoo
2. Hoatzin
3. Turaco

Galliformes

This section contains 8 articles.

1. Galliformes
2. Chicken (Level 3)
3. Grouse
4. Guineafowl
5. Peafowl
6. Common pheasant
7. Common quail
8. Domestic turkey

Gaviiformes

This section contains 1 article.

1. Loon

Gruiformes

This section contains 4 articles.

1. Gruiformes
2. Crane (bird)
3. Bustard
4. Rail

Passerines

This section contains 2 articles.

1. Passerine
2. Songbird

Corvoidea

This section contains 8 articles.

1. Bird-of-paradise
2. Corvidae
   1. Corvus
      1. Common raven
   2. Eurasian magpie
3. Honeyeater
4. Lyrebird
5. Shrike

Passerida

This section contains 23 articles.

1. Bulbul
2. Cardinalidae
3. Bunting
4. Finch
5. Icterid
6. Lark
7. Mockingbird
8. New World warbler
9. Old World flycatcher
   1. European robin
   2. Common nightingale
10. Ploceidae
11. Old World sparrow
    1. House sparrow
12. Starling
    1. Common myna
    2. Common starling
13. Sunbird
14. Swallow
15. Tit
16. Thrush
    1. American robin
17. Wren

Tyranni

This section contains 3 articles.

1. Antbird
2. Ovenbird (family)
3. Tyrant flycatcher

Pelecaniformes

This section contains 5 articles.

1. Cormorant
2. Darter
3. Frigatebird
4. Pelican
5. Sulidae

Phoenicopteriformes

This section contains 1 article.

1. Flamingo

Piciformes

This section contains 3 articles.

1. Honeyguide
2. Toucan
3. Woodpecker

Procellariiformes

This section contains 2 articles.

1. Procellariiformes
2. Albatross

Psittaciformes

This section contains 4 articles.

1. Parrot
2. Ara
3. Budgerigar
4. Cockatoo

Ratites

This section contains 6 articles.

1. Cassowary
2. Emu
3. Kiwi
4. Moa
5. Common ostrich
6. Rhea

Sphenisciformes

This section contains 1 article.

1. Penguin

Strigiformes

This section contains 3 articles.

1. Owl
   1. Eurasian eagle-owl
   2. Barn owl

Tinamiformes

This section contains 1 article.

1. Tinamou

Trogoniformes

This section contains 2 articles.

1. Trogon
2. Resplendent quetzal

Mammals

This section contains 163 articles.

1. Mammal (Level 3)
2. Aardvark
3. Armadillo
4. Hyrax
5. Pangolin
6. Sirenia

Bats

This section contains 5 articles.

1. Bat
2. Megabat
3. Microbat
4. Pteropus
5. Vampire bat

Carnivora

This section contains 36 articles.

1. Carnivora
2. Bear
   1. Brown bear
   2. Giant panda
   3. Polar bear
3. Canidae
   1. Dog (Level 3)
      1. Dingo
   2. Coyote
   3. Fox
   4. Jackal
   5. Wolf
4. Felidae
   1. Cat (Level 3)
   2. Cheetah
   3. Cougar
   4. Jaguar
   5. Leopard
   6. Lion
   7. Lynx
   8. Smilodon
   9. Snow leopard
   10. Tiger
5. Hyena
6. Mongoose
7. Mustelidae
   1. European badger
   2. Honey badger
   3. Marten
   4. Otter
   5. Sea otter
   6. Stoat
   7. Weasel
   8. Wolverine
8. Procyonidae
9. Skunk

Cetaceans

This section contains 8 articles.

1. Cetacea
2. Whale
3. Blue whale
4. Dolphin
5. Humpback whale
6. Orca
7. Porpoise
8. Sperm whale

Erinaceids

This section contains 1 article.

1. Hedgehog

Artiodactyla

This section contains 38 articles.

1. Artiodactyl
2. Ruminant
3. Alpaca
4. Bovidae
   1. African buffalo
   2. American bison
   3. Antelope
   4. Aurochs
   5. Capra
   6. Cattle (Level 3)
   7. Gazelle
   8. Gaur
   9. Goat
   10. Impala
   11. Muskox
   12. Sheep (Level 3)
   13. Water buffalo
   14. Wildebeest
   15. European bison
   16. Yak
5. Camel
   1. Bactrian camel
   2. Dromedary
6. Deer
   1. Elk
   2. Moose
   3. Red deer
   4. Reindeer
7. Llama
8. Giraffe
9. Guanaco
10. Hippopotamus
11. Peccary
12. Pronghorn
13. Sus (genus)
    1. Pig (Level 3)
    2. Wild boar
14. Vicuña

Lagomorphs

This section contains 3 articles.

1. Lagomorpha
2. Hare
3. Rabbit

Marsupials

This section contains 8 articles.

1. Marsupial
2. Diprotodontia
   1. Kangaroo
   2. Koala
3. Dasyuromorphia
   1. Tasmanian devil
4. Opossum
5. Peramelemorphia

Monotremes

This section contains 3 articles.

1. Monotreme
2. Echidna
3. Platypus

Perissodactyla

This section contains 7 articles.

1. Perissodactyla
2. Donkey
3. Equidae
4. Horse (Level 3)
5. Rhinoceros
6. Tapir
7. Zebra

Pilosa

This section contains 2 articles.

1. Anteater
2. Sloth

Pinnipeds

This section contains 4 articles.

1. Pinniped
2. Eared seal
3. Earless seal
4. Walrus

Primates

This section contains 22 articles.

1. Primate (Level 3)
2. Monkey
3. Ape
   1. Pan (genus)
      1. Chimpanzee
      2. Bonobo
   2. Gibbon
   3. Gorilla
   4. Orangutan
   5. Human (Level 1)
4. New World monkey
   1. Capuchin monkey
   2. Spider monkey
5. Old World monkey
   1. Baboon
   2. Macaque
   3. Rhesus macaque
6. Strepsirrhini
   1. Slow loris
   2. Galago
   3. Lemur
7. Tarsier

Proboscidea

This section contains 3 articles.

1. Proboscidea
2. Elephant
3. Mammoth

Rodents

This section contains 15 articles.

1. Rodent (Level 3)
2. Capybara
3. Nutria
4. Beaver
5. Dormouse
6. Guinea pig
7. Hamster
8. Marmot
9. Mouse
10. Muridae
11. Muskrat
12. Porcupine
13. Rat
    1. Brown rat
14. Squirrel

Soricomorpha

This section contains 2 articles.

1. Shrew
   1. Mole (animal)

Animal breeds and hybrids

This section contains 18 articles.

Cats

This section contains 1 article.

1. Siamese cat

Cattle

This section contains 3 articles.

1. American Brahman
2. Hereford cattle
3. Holstein Friesian

Dogs

This section contains 7 articles.

1. Gun dog
2. Herding dog
3. Hound
4. Livestock guardian dog
5. Mastiff
6. Spitz
7. Terrier

Horses

This section contains 5 articles.

1. Arabian horse
2. Andalusian horse
3. Friesian horse
4. Thoroughbred
5. Pony

Hybrids

This section contains 1 article.

1. Mule

Sheep

This section contains 1 article.

1. Merino

Plants

This section contains 259 articles.

Non-flowering plants

This section contains 25 articles.

Green algae

This section contains 3 articles.

1. Green algae
2. Charophyta
3. Chlorophyta

Bryophytes

This section contains 5 articles.

1. Bryophyte
2. Hornwort
3. Marchantiophyta
4. Moss
   1. Sphagnum

Pteridophytes

This section contains 4 articles.

1. Pteridophyte
2. Fern
   1. Equisetum
3. Lycophyte

Gymnosperms

This section contains 13 articles.

1. Gymnosperm
2. Cycad
3. Ginkgo biloba

Pinophyta (conifers) (10 articles)

1. Conifer
2. Cedrus
3. Cupressus
4. Douglas fir
5. Fir
6. Juniper
7. Pine
8. Podocarpus
9. Sequoioideae
10. Spruce

Monocots

This section contains 33 articles.

1. Monocotyledon

Alismatales

This section contains 3 articles.

1. Araceae
   1. Anthurium
   2. Philodendron

Arecales

This section contains 1 article.

1. Arecaceae

Asparagales

This section contains 10 articles.

1. Agave
2. Aloe
3. Amaryllis
4. Gladiolus
5. Iridaceae
   1. Iris
6. Lily of the valley
7. Narcissus
8. Orchid
9. Yucca

Commelinales

This section contains 1 article.

1. Pontederia crassipes

Liliales

This section contains 5 articles.

1. Alstroemeria
2. Colchicum
3. Liliaceae
   1. Lilium
   2. Tulip

Pandanales

This section contains 1 article.

1. 1. Pandanus

Poales

This section contains 9 articles.

1. Bromeliaceae
   1. Puya
   2. Spanish moss
2. Cyperaceae
3. Juncus
4. Poaceae
   1. Bamboo
   2. Sugarcane
5. Typha

Zingiberales

This section contains 2 articles.

1. Canna
2. Heliconia

Non-monocots

This section contains 68 articles.

1. Eudicots
2. Magnoliids

Apiales

This section contains 2 articles.

1. Apiaceae
2. Hedera

Asterales

This section contains 11 articles.

1. Asteraceae
   1. Bellis perennis
   2. Chrysanthemum
   3. Cirsium
   4. Dahlia
   5. Solidago
   6. Helianthus
   7. Sonchus
   8. Tagetes
   9. Taraxacum
2. Campanulaceae

Brassicales

This section contains 3 articles.

1. Brassicaceae
   1. Arabidopsis thaliana
   2. Tropaeolum

Caryophyllales

This section contains 1 article.

1. Cactus

Cornales

This section contains 1 article.

1. Cornus

Cucurbitales

This section contains 1 article.

1. Cucurbitaceae

Ericales

This section contains 8 articles.

1. Diospyros
2. Ericaceae
   1. Rhododendron
      1. Azalea
3. Theaceae
   1. Camellia
4. Impatiens
5. Primulaceae

Fabales

This section contains 2 articles.

1. Fabaceae
   1. Mimosa

Fagales

This section contains 5 articles.

1. Alder
2. Beech
3. Birch
4. Hickory
5. Oak

Gentianales

This section contains 3 articles.

1. Apocynaceae
2. Gardenia
3. Rubiaceae

Lamiales

This section contains 6 articles.

1. Lamiaceae
2. Oleaceae
   1. Fraxinus
3. Salvia
4. Sesame
5. Verbena

Malpighiales

This section contains 6 articles.

1. Euphorbiaceae
2. Flax
3. Hypericum
4. Poinsettia
5. Viola
6. Willow

Malvales

This section contains 2 articles.

1. Malvaceae
   1. Adansonia

Myrtales

This section contains 3 articles.

1. Henna
2. Myrtaceae
   1. Eucalyptus

Proteales

This section contains 3 articles.

1. Proteaceae
2. Nelumbo
3. Platanus

Rosales

This section contains 6 articles.

1. Cannabis
2. Elm
3. Moraceae
   1. Ficus sycomorus
4. Rosaceae
   1. Rose

Sapindales

This section contains 2 articles.

1. Mahogany
2. Maple

Solanales

This section contains 1 article.

1. Solanaceae

Edible fruits

This section contains 50 articles.

Culinary fruits

This section contains 38 articles.

1. Apple
2. Apricot
3. Avocado
4. Banana
5. Blackberry
6. Blackcurrant
7. Blueberry
8. Cherry
9. Citrus
   1. Grapefruit
   2. Kumquat
   3. Lemon
   4. Lime
   5. Orange
   6. Mandarin orange
10. Fig
11. Cranberry
12. Date palm
13. Durian
14. Grape
15. Guava
16. Jackfruit
17. Kiwifruit
18. Lychee
19. Mango
20. Morus
21. Cucumis melo
22. Olive
23. Papaya
24. Peach
25. Pear
26. Pineapple
27. Plum
28. Pomegranate
29. Raspberry
30. Strawberry
31. Tamarind
32. Watermelon

Botanical fruits used as culinary vegetables

This section contains 12 articles.

1. Bell pepper
2. Breadfruit
3. Chili pepper
4. Cooking banana
5. Cucumber
6. Cucurbita
   1. Pumpkin
   2. Zucchini
7. Eggplant
8. Green bean
9. Okra
10. Tomato

Edible seeds, grains, nuts (pulses)

This section contains 30 articles.

Grains

This section contains 10 articles.

1. Barley
2. Maize (Level 3)
3. Millet
4. Oat
5. Rice (Level 3)
   1. Oryza sativa
6. Rye
7. Sorghum
8. Wheat (Level 3)
   1. Common wheat

Pseudocereals

This section contains 3 articles.

1. Amaranth
2. Buckwheat
3. Quinoa

Nuts

This section contains 8 articles.

1. Almond
2. Brazil nut
3. Cashew
4. Chestnut
5. Hazelnut
6. Macadamia
7. Pecan
8. Walnut

Pulses

This section contains 9 articles.

1. Bean
   1. Vicia faba
   2. Lima bean
   3. Soybean
   4. Phaseolus vulgaris
2. Chickpea
3. Lentil
4. Pea
5. Peanut

Vegetables

This section contains 53 articles.

Leafy vegetables

This section contains 9 articles.

1. Eruca vesicaria
2. Cabbage
3. Chard
4. Chinese cabbage
5. Collard (plant)
6. Kale
7. Lettuce
8. Rapeseed
9. Spinach

Root vegetables

This section contains 15 articles.

1. Arrowroot
2. Beetroot
3. Carrot
4. Cassava
5. Daikon
6. Onion
7. Parsnip
8. Potato (Level 3)
9. Radish
10. Rutabaga
11. Sugar beet
12. Sweet potato
13. Taro
14. Turnip
15. Yam

Other vegetables

This section contains 9 articles.

1. Artichoke
2. Asparagus
3. Broccoli
4. Cauliflower
5. Celery
6. Chicory
7. Coconut
8. Kohlrabi
9. Leek

Herbs and spices

This section contains 20 articles.

1. Anise
2. Basil
3. Black pepper
4. Cardamom
5. Cinnamon
6. Clove
7. Cumin
8. Fennel
9. Garlic
10. Ginger
11. Ginseng
12. Horseradish
13. Lavandula
14. Liquorice
15. Mentha
16. Nutmeg
17. Parsley
18. Saffron
19. Thyme
20. Vanilla

Fungi

This section contains 15 articles.

1. Fungus (Level 3)
2. Mushroom
3. Yeast
   1. Saccharomyces cerevisiae
4. Ascomycota
5. Basidiomycota
6. Zygomycota

Edible fungi

This section contains 6 articles.

1. Agaricus
2. Boletus edulis
3. Chanterelle
4. Pleurotus ostreatus
5. Shiitake
6. Truffle

Poisonous fungi

This section contains 2 articles.

1. Amanita muscaria
2. Amanita phalloides

Other organisms

This section contains 29 articles.

1. Eukaryote (Level 3)
2. Plankton
3. Protist
4. Paramecium
5. Prokaryote
   1. Archaea (Level 3)
   2. Bacteria (Level 3)
      1. Cyanobacteria
      2. Escherichia coli
      3. Salmonella
      4. Staphylococcus aureus
6. Rhizaria
7. Excavata
   1. Euglenozoa
8. Algae
   1. Red algae
   2. Seaweed
9. Chromalveolata
   1. Stramenopile
      1. Brown algae
         1. Kelp
      2. Diatom
   2. Haptophyte
   3. Cryptomonad
   4. Alveolate
      1. Dinoflagellate
10. Lichen
11. Amoebozoa
12. Slime mold

Health, medicine and disease

This section contains 282 articles.

Health and fitness

This section contains 26 articles.

1. Health
   1. Mental health
2. Nutrition (Level 3)
   1. Diet
   2. Dietary supplement
   3. Food group
   4. Hunger
   5. Malnutrition
   6. Vitamin
3. Hygiene
   1. Bathing
   2. Feminine hygiene
   3. Oral hygiene
   4. Shaving
4. Physical fitness
   1. Body mass index
   2. Exercise
   3. Obesity (Level 3)
   4. Weight loss
5. Ageing
6. Breastfeeding
7. Fertilisation
   1. Infertility
8. Occupational safety and health
   1. Personal protective equipment
9. Stress (biology)

Drugs and pharmacology

This section contains 34 articles.

1. Medication
   1. Vaccine
      1. Vaccination
      2. Vaccine hesitancy
      3. Smallpox vaccine
      4. Polio vaccine
   2. Prescription drug
   3. Amphetamine
   4. Analgesic
   5. Anesthesia
   6. Antibiotic
      1. Penicillin
   7. Aspirin
   8. Benzodiazepine
   9. Quinine
2. Drug
   1. Alcohol (drug)
      1. Alcohol intoxication
   2. Tobacco
   3. Cannabis
   4. Opium
3. Substance use disorder
   1. Addiction
   2. Alcoholism (Level 3)
   3. Smoking (Level 3)
      1. Cigarette
      2. Health effects of tobacco
      3. Smoking cessation
   4. Substance dependence
4. Pharmacology
   1. Pharmacokinetics
   2. Placebo
5. Pharmacy
   1. Pharmacist

Medicine

This section contains 85 articles. See also "Biology" for e.g. anatomy

General concepts

This section contains 11 articles.

1. Medicine
   1. Emergency medical services
   2. First aid
   3. Health care
   4. Veterinary medicine
   5. Medical ethics
2. Hospital
   1. Emergency department
   2. Psychiatric hospital
3. Physician
   1. Nursing

Human anatomy

This section contains 13 articles.

1. Human body
   1. Arm
   2. Face
   3. Foot
   4. Hand
      1. Finger
   5. Human brain
   6. Human eye
   7. Gastrointestinal tract
   8. Human leg
   9. Human skeleton
   10. Human tooth
   11. Human voice

Dentistry

This section contains 5 articles.

1. Dentistry
   1. Dental restoration
   2. Root canal
   3. Toothache
   4. Tooth decay

Fields of medicine

This section contains 32 articles.

1. Alternative medicine
   1. Chiropractic
   2. Herbal medicine
   3. Homeopathy
2. Angiology
3. Cardiology
4. Dermatology
5. Gastroenterology
6. Geriatrics
7. Hematology
   1. Blood type
8. Immunology
9. Neurology
10. Obstetrics and gynaecology
11. Oncology
12. Ophthalmology
13. Optometry
14. Otorhinolaryngology
15. Pediatrics
16. Psychiatry
17. Public health
    1. Epidemiology
    2. Preventive healthcare
18. Pulmonology
19. Radiology
20. Sexual and reproductive health
21. Toxicology
22. Traditional medicine
    1. Ayurveda
    2. Traditional Chinese medicine
       1. Acupuncture
23. Urology

Medical procedures

This section contains 24 articles.

1. Surgery
   1. Amputation
   2. Organ transplantation
   3. Plastic surgery
2. Medical diagnosis
3. Medical test
4. Palliative care
5. Physical examination
   1. Autopsy
   2. Biopsy
   3. Blood pressure
   4. Blood test
   5. Blood transfusion
   6. Eye examination
   7. Lumbar puncture
   8. Pap test
   9. Pulse
   10. Reflex
6. Sterilization
7. Therapy
   1. Chemotherapy
   2. Physical therapy
   3. Radiation therapy
   4. Symptomatic treatment

Morbidity

This section contains 137 articles.

Non-infectious disease

This section contains 24 articles.

1. Disease
2. Acne
3. Allergy
4. Alzheimer's disease
5. Anemia
6. Arthritis
7. Asthma (Level 3)
8. Autoimmune disease
9. Bronchitis
10. Cardiovascular disease
    1. Hypertension
    2. Myocardial infarction
11. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
12. Cirrhosis
13. Dementia
14. Diabetes
15. Diarrhea
16. Epilepsy
17. Gout
18. Hepatitis
19. Meningitis
20. Migraine
21. Multiple sclerosis
22. Parkinson's disease

Injury

This section contains 19 articles.

1. Injury
   1. Blunt trauma
   2. Bone fracture
   3. Bruise
   4. Burn
   5. Frostbite
   6. Wound
2. Major trauma
   1. Aneurysm
   2. Brain injury
      1. Concussion
   3. Bleeding
   4. Cardiac arrest
   5. Hypothermia
   6. Hypoxia
   7. Inflammation
   8. Respiratory failure
   9. Shock
   10. Stroke

Foodborne illness

This section contains 4 articles.

1. Foodborne illness
2. Botulism
3. Mushroom poisoning
4. Typhoid fever

Infectious disease

This section contains 48 articles.

1. Infection
2. Pathogen
   1. Virus (Level 3)
      1. Coronavirus
      2. SARS-CoV-2
      3. Human papillomavirus infection
      4. HIV
      5. Tobacco mosaic virus
   2. Prion
3. Anthrax
4. Bubonic plague
5. Chickenpox
6. Cholera
7. Common cold (Level 3)
8. Dengue fever
9. Diphtheria
10. Ebola
11. Encephalitis
12. Gangrene
13. Gastroenteritis (Level 3)
    1. Dysentery
14. Hand, foot, and mouth disease
15. Influenza (Level 3)
16. Leprosy
17. Lyme disease
18. Malaria (Level 3)
19. Measles
20. Mumps
21. Fungal infection
22. Pneumonia (Level 3)
23. Polio
24. Rabies
25. Scabies
26. Scarlet fever
27. SARS
28. Sexually transmitted infection
    1. Chlamydia
    2. Gonorrhea
    3. Herpes
    4. HIV/AIDS (Level 3)
    5. Syphilis
29. Smallpox (Level 3)
30. Tetanus
31. Tuberculosis (Level 3)
32. Typhus
33. West Nile fever
34. Whooping cough
35. Yellow fever

Disability

This section contains 8 articles.

1. Visual impairment
2. Cerebral palsy
3. Color blindness
4. Down syndrome
5. Dyslexia
6. Hearing loss
7. Intellectual disability
8. Physical disability

Cancer

This section contains 12 articles.

1. Cancer (Level 3)
2. Brain tumor
3. Carcinogen
4. Breast cancer
5. Colorectal cancer
6. Leukemia
7. Lung cancer
8. Lymphoma
9. Neoplasm
10. Prostate cancer
11. Skin cancer
    1. Melanoma

Mental disorder

This section contains 14 articles.

1. Mental disorder
2. Anxiety disorder
   1. Phobia
   2. Post-traumatic stress disorder
3. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
4. Autism
5. Bipolar disorder
6. Eating disorder
7. Major depressive disorder
8. Neurosis
9. Pedophilia
10. Personality disorder
    1. Psychopathy
11. Schizophrenia

Miscellaneous

This section contains 8 articles.

1. Coma
   1. Vegetative state
2. Poison
   1. Toxicity
3. Psychosis
   1. Delusion
   2. Hallucination
4. Syndrome