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Yacht rock

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(Redirected from West Coast sound)
For the online video series, see Yacht Rock (web series).
"West Coast sound" redirects here. For the earlier West Coast pop/rock aesthetic, see California sound.

Yacht rock
Other namesWest Coast sound
Stylistic origins
Cultural originsMid-1970s – mid-1980s
Derivative forms
Other topics

Yacht rock (originally known as the West Coast sound[4][5] or adult-oriented rock[6]) is a broad music style and aesthetic[7] commonly associated with soft rock,[8] one of the most commercially successful genres from the mid-1970s to the mid-1980s. Drawing on sources such as smooth soul, smooth jazz,[1] R&B, and disco,[7] common stylistic traits include high-quality production, clean vocals, and a focus on light, catchy melodies.[6] The term yacht rock was coined in 2005 by the makers of the online comedy video series Yacht Rock, who connected the music with the popular Southern Californian leisure activity of boating. It was considered a pejorative term by some music critics.[6]

Definition

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See also: Soft rock

The term yacht rock did not exist contemporaneously with the music the term describes,[6] which was produced from 1975 to 1984.[7][8] It refers to "adult-oriented rock"[6] or "West Coast Sound",[4][3] which became identified with yacht rock in 2005, when the term was coined in J. D. Ryznar et al.'s online video series of the same name.[9][10][11] Understood as a pejorative term,[6] yacht rock referred, in part, to a stereotypical yuppie yacht owner enjoying smooth music while sailing. Many "yacht rockers" included nautical references in their lyrics, videos, and album artwork, exemplified by Christopher Cross's anthemic track, "Sailing" (1979).[12] Long mocked for "its saccharine sincerity and garish fashion," the original stigma attached to the music has lessened since about 2015.[6][3]

In 2014, AllMusic's Matt Colier identified the "key defining rules of the genre:"

  • "keep it smooth, even when it grooves, with more emphasis on the melody than on the beat"
  • "keep the emotions light, even when the sentiment turns sad (as is so often the case in the world of the sensitive yacht-rocksman)"
  • "always keep it catchy, no matter how modest or deeply buried in the tracklist the tune happens to be"[7]

The "exhilaration of escape" is "essential to yacht," according to journalist and documentary filmmaker Katie Puckrik. She quoted the lyrics of Cross's "Ride Like the Wind" (1979), "to make it to the border of Mexico," as an example of the aspirational longing that demonstrates "the power of the genre". Thwarted desire is another key element that counters the "feelgood bounce" of yacht in the same song. Puckrik identified a sub-genre, "dark yacht", exemplified in Joni Mitchell's "accidental yacht rock" song "The Hissing of Summer Lawns" (1975), which described the "tarnished love" of "a woman trapped in a big house and a loveless marriage".[13]

According to Mara Schwartz Kuge, who worked in the L.A. music industry for two decades, "Soft rock was a genre of very popular pop music from the 1970s and early 1980s, characterized by soft, mostly acoustic guitars and slow-to-mid tempos ... most people have generalized the term to mean anything kind of soft-and-1970s-ish, including artists like Rupert Holmes. Not all yacht rock is soft, either: Toto's 'Hold the Line' and Kenny Loggins' 'Footloose' are both very yacht rock but not soft rock."[14]

Comprehensively defining yacht rock remains difficult, despite agreement that its central elements are "aspirational but not luxurious, jaunty but lonely, pained but polished". Journalist Jack Seale stated that, as in other "micro-genres", certain albums of artists who are accepted as proponents are "arbitrarily ruled in or out". For example, Michael Jackson's Thriller (1982) is accepted as yacht rock, but Fleetwood Mac's Rumours (1977) is not.[15]

Yacht Rock creators

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Yacht Rock web series co-creators Ryznar, Steve Huey, Hunter Stair, and David Lyons have attempted to apply precision to what is defined as yacht rock, and have been critical of overly expansive definitions of the term. In 2016, they invented the term "nyacht rock" to refer to songs that have sometimes been classified as yacht rock but that they felt did not fit the definition.[16][17] On their podcasts Beyond Yacht Rock and Yacht or Nyacht?, they have categorized various songs as being either within or outside of the genre.[18]

Factors that the four list as relevant to yacht rock include:

  • High production value[18]
  • Use of "elite"[19] Los Angeles–based studio musicians and producers associated with yacht rock[5]
  • Jazz and R&B influences[5][18]
  • Use of electric piano[5]
  • Complex and wry lyrics[5] about heartbroken, foolish men,[18] particularly involving the word "fool"[5]
  • An upbeat rhythm called the "Doobie Bounce"[5]

Ryznar and company have argued that many artists sometimes associated with yacht rock, particularly the folk-driven soft rock of Gordon Lightfoot and the Eagles, fall outside the scope of the term as originally conceived.[5] They have also disputed the use of the term as an umbrella for any song whose lyrics include nautical references, opting for the term "marina rock" for bands close to the scene but lacking a few elements, such as Rupert Holmes and Hall & Oates.[5][17] The term's inventors consider Michael McDonald the most influential yacht-rock artist.[20]

Origins

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The socio-political and economic changes that contributed to the emergence of the genre[21] have recently been described by journalists like Steven Orlofsky, and by documentary-film maker Katie Puckrik. Orlofsky pointed out that some contemporaneous pop groups such as Fleetwood Mac, Steely Dan, and Supertramp were well-respected by critics and listeners.[22] Yacht rock was art "untouched by the outside world". By contrast to what followed, it "was probably the last major era of pop music wholly separated from the politics of its day".[3] Yacht rock represented an "introspective individualism" that emerged after the death of the "mass-movement idealism" of the 1960s. Its "reassuringly vague escapism" was boosted by the rise of FM radio which brought together two consequences of gender emancipation: women who controlled household spending and men who "felt freer to convey their emotions in song".[15]

The roots of yacht rock can be traced to the music of the Beach Boys, whose aesthetic was the first to be "scavenged" by acts like Rupert Holmes, according to Jacobin's Dan O'Sullivan. Captain & Tennille, who were members of the Beach Boys' live band, won "yacht rock's first Best Record Grammy" in 1975, for "Love Will Keep Us Together", a song that composer Neil Sedaka acknowledged was inspired in part by a Beach Boys riff.[23] O'Sullivan also cites the Beach Boys recording of "Sloop John B" (1966) as the origin of yacht rock's predilection for the "sailors and beachgoers" aesthetic that was "lifted by everyone, from Christopher Cross to Eric Carmen, from 'Buffalo Springfield' folksters like Jim Messina to 'Philly Sound' rockers like Hall & Oates".[24]

Some of the most popular yacht rock acts (who also collaborated on each other's records) included Michael McDonald, Kenny Loggins, Steely Dan, and Toto.[12][25][26][10]

Resurgence

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Recent positive reappraisals of the genre have appeared in The Guardian,[27] The Week,[3] and on BBC Four, which broadcast Puckrik's two-part documentary, I Can Go for That: The Smooth World of Yacht Rock, in June 2019.[15][28] (That documentary is a play on the 1981 Hall & Oates song "I Can't Go for That (No Can Do)".)[13]

Orlofsky has argued that the genre's resurgence is partly due to its function as an antidote to the negativity of the post-Obama era in the US just as in its original context, when yacht rock created "the perfect soundtrack for listeners trying to ignore Watergate and Vietnam,"[15] it now again represents "a defiant, fingers-planted-firmly-within-ears disregard of any and all political unrest".[3]

New yacht rock bands have formed to cater to fans. Among the bands are Young Gun Silver Fox from London,[29] Yacht Rock Revue from Atlanta,[30] and Yachtley Crew from Los Angeles.[31]

Reception and legacy

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Perspectives

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A 2012 Jacobin article described yacht rock as "endlessly banal, melodic and inoffensive, fit to be piped into Macy's changing rooms".[32] The article describes the popularity of yacht rock as reflective of a regressive Reagan-era American society and "about the garden of nightmares America had become". According to the Jacobin article, yacht rock served as "an escape from blunt truths" about sociopolitical issues of the day. In an article in The New Inquiry, music scholar J. Temperance stated that yacht rock "sterilized the form of its soul and blues elements and instead emphasized disinterested, intentionally trite lyrical themes".[33] In a uDiscovermusic article, Paul Sexton expressed how yacht rock as a genre seemed to "exude privileged opulence: of days in expensive recording studios followed by hedonistic trips on private yachts".[34] According to writer Max McKenna in a 2018 Popmatters article, the lack of political messaging in the yacht rock genre is a "conservative gesture(s) flying under the radar in a climate of poptimist reappraisal".[35]

In response to the Jacobin article, music scholar J. Temperance wrote in The New Inquiry that, rather than being a reactionary genre, yacht rock was essential to the growth of pop music in a time of "cultural darkness", "serving as a dialectical pole to progressive rock as well as to punk, postpunk and even proto-postpunk, spurring drastic retrenchments".[33] J. Temperance attributed the "smooth" sound that is characteristic of yacht rock to an indifferent approach to capitalist culture and a "regressive tolerance of allegedly transgressive music with a truly liberatory anality" by using existing symbols rather than create new anti-establishment symbols that are eventually added into the establishment symbols. The New Inquiry article describes the role of yacht rock as a genre that would help people differentiate music appreciation from status by using common symbols and "rendering the popular into the smooth".[33]

Yacht rock had also faced racial criticism, given the genre's associations with "the revival of white rock forms" as writer Max McKenna stated in the 2018 Popmatters article.[35] Wesley Morris compares in a New York Times op-ed piece the recognition given to black artists and white artists who possess the "absurd" quality of blackness in their music.[36] Due to its perceived lack of political involvement and borrowed elements from black music genres, yacht rock has garnered the perception of racial ignorance amongst certain critics of the genre.[36] The Jacobin article described Michael McDonald, a musician well known within the genre of yacht rock, as a "bleached, blue-eyed soul cracker".[32]

Yacht rock is listed as a genre on Spotify, Amazon Music, AccuRadio, and Pandora. Since 2015, there has been a "Yacht Rock" channel on Sirius XM Satellite Radio. The channel reverts to the off-season channel after summer,[37] but is available year-round on the SXM app. iHeartRadio also has a dedicated "Yacht Rock Radio" station that airs this format 24/7 on its website and app.[38]

In 2018, Jawbone Press released The Yacht Rock Book: The Oral History of the Soft, Smooth Sounds of the 70s and 80s by author Greg Prato, which explored the entire history of the genre.[39] The book featured a foreword by Fred Armisen, and interviews with Christopher Cross, Kenny Loggins, and John Oates, among others.[17]

Inspired music

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Yacht rock bears strong similarities to the Japanese genre of city pop in that they both peaked in the early 1980s, featured jazz and R&B influences arranged and produced by elites in their fields, and gained newfound popularity in the 2010s through the Internet. The link between city pop and yacht rock was made explicit in 1984 when Tatsuro Yamashita, one of Japan's most influential city pop artists and producers, traveled to California to record the album Big Wave, a mix of Beach Boys covers and original English-language compositions written in collaboration with Alan O'Day.

Elements of yacht rock have been adopted by new acts such as Vampire Weekend, Foxygen, and Carly Rae Jepsen, while the vaporwave genre of electronic music, which began in the 2010s, appropriated the "nautical iconography" of yacht rock.

The 2017 album by Thundercat, Drunk, featured a song that included guest vocalists Kenny Loggins and Michael McDonald, entitled "Show You the Way" (all performed the song together on an episode of The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon the same year).

The band Sugar Ray's 2019 album Little Yachty is a conscious homage to yacht rock; it includes a cover of the 1979 Rupert Holmes song "Escape (The Piña Colada Song)", which lead singer Mark McGrath has called "the torch bearer of all things yacht rock".

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b Malcolm, Timothy (July 12, 2019). "This Is the Definitive Definition of Yacht Rock". Houstonia. Retrieved July 21, 2020.
  2. ^ Hinkes-Jones, Llewellyn (July 15, 2010). "Downtempo Pop: When Good Music Gets a Bad Name". The Atlantic.
  3. ^ a b c d e f Orlofsky, Steven (June 15, 2019). "In defense of yacht rock". theweek.com. Retrieved June 16, 2019.
  4. ^ a b Cross, Christopher (February 22, 2014). "Hall & Oates Are Genuine Rock Stars in My Book". The Huffington Post.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i That '70s Week: Yacht Rock. NPR World Cafe, March 15, 2017.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g "From Haim to Chromeo: The new wave of Yacht-rockers". The Independent. June 6, 2014. Archived from the original on May 7, 2022.
  7. ^ a b c d "AllMusic Loves Yacht Rock". AllMusic. June 25, 2014.
  8. ^ a b Berlind, William (August 27, 2006). "Yacht Rock Docks in New York". The New York Observer. Archived from the original on May 18, 2011. Retrieved July 29, 2008.
  9. ^ Crumsho, Michael (January 9, 2006). "Finally, a name for that music: "Yacht Rock"". The Seattle Times. Retrieved July 29, 2008.
  10. ^ a b Toal, Drew (June 26, 2015). "Sail Away: The Oral History of 'Yacht Rock'". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on June 29, 2015.
  11. ^ Ryznar's webs series "followed fictionalized versions of the stars" and "gently poked fun at the crooners", according to Orlofsky.
  12. ^ a b Kamp, Jon (October 11, 2015). "Can You Sail to It? Then It Must Be 'Yacht Rock'". The Wall Street Journal.
  13. ^ a b Puckrik, Katie (June 11, 2019). "I can go for that: five essential yacht rock classics". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved June 16, 2019.
  14. ^ Lecaro, Lina (November 19, 2016). "This Monthly Club Is a Non-Ironic Celebration of Rock's Softer Side". LA Weekly.
  15. ^ a b c d Seale, Jack (June 14, 2019). "I Can Go for That: The Smooth World of Yacht Rock review – lushly comforting". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved June 16, 2019.
  16. ^ Nyacht Rock Archived July 3, 2018, at the Wayback Machine. Beyond Yacht Rock, March 18, 2016.
  17. ^ a b c Greg Prato, The Yacht Rock Book: The Oral History of the Soft, Smooth Sounds of the 70s and 80s. Jawbone Press, 2018.
  18. ^ a b c d NeahkahnieGold (September 11, 2018). "What Even Is Yacht Rock Anyway?". Discogs blog.
  19. ^ Matos, Michaelangelo (December 7, 2005). "Talk Talk: J.D. Ryznar". Seattle Weekly. Archived from the original on April 14, 2006. Retrieved October 9, 2006.
  20. ^ "LAist Interview: "Yacht Rock" Creator J.D. Ryznar". LAist. April 24, 2010. Retrieved September 26, 2024.
  21. ^ "If the Yacht Is a Rockin': Riding the Yacht Rock Nostalgia Wave". Mental Floss. June 12, 2020.
  22. ^ "In defense of yacht rock". theweek.com. June 15, 2019.
  23. ^ Neil Sedaka's mini-concert, September 1, 2020 from Sedaka's official YouTube account
  24. ^ O'Sullivan, Dan (September 4, 2012). ""California Über Alles": The Empire Yachts Back". Jacobin.
  25. ^ ""NOW That's What I Call Yacht Rock" compilation is sailing into record stores next month". ABC News Radio. Archived from the original on August 27, 2019. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
  26. ^ "'NOW That's What I Call Yacht Rock 2' compilation cruising your way in May – Music News – ABC News Radio". Archived from the original on November 26, 2022. Retrieved July 26, 2020.
  27. ^ Bickerdike, Jennifer Otter (April 20, 2016). "Cruise control: how yacht rock sailed back into fashion". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved June 16, 2019.
  28. ^ "BBC Four – I Can Go For That: The Smooth World of Yacht Rock". BBC. Retrieved June 16, 2019.
  29. ^ "Young Gun Silver Fox Create Best Yacht Rock Album Of Last 35 Years With 'AM Waves' (INTERVIEW)". Glide Magazine. August 30, 2018. Retrieved December 14, 2022.
  30. ^ Gottlieb, Jed (September 15, 2024). "Yacht Rock Revue charts course for new music". Boston Herald. Retrieved December 5, 2024.
  31. ^ Peterson, Karla (September 3, 2021). "Your endless summer is brought to you by Yacht Rock and Yachtley Crew". The San Diego Union Tribune. Retrieved August 30, 2024.
  32. ^ a b "The Yacht Rock Counterrevolution". jacobin.com. Retrieved October 11, 2022.
  33. ^ a b c Temperance, J. (September 5, 2012). "The Birth of the Uncool: Yacht Rock and Libidinal Subversion". The New Inquiry. Retrieved October 11, 2022.
  34. ^ Sexton, Paul (September 17, 2022). "Yacht Rock: A Boatload Of Not-So-Guilty Pleasures". uDiscover Music. Retrieved October 11, 2022.
  35. ^ a b "Reactionary Rockism: The Dangerous Obsession with "Authenticity" in Indie Rock, PopMatters". PopMatters. August 13, 2018. Retrieved October 11, 2022.
  36. ^ a b Morris, Wesley (August 14, 2019). "Why Is Everyone Always Stealing Black Music?". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 11, 2022.
  37. ^ "How Yacht Rock Ended Up on Sirius XM". Wall Street Journal Speakeasy blog. October 12, 2015.
  38. ^ "Yacht Rock Radio". iHeartRadio. Retrieved September 21, 2021.
  39. ^ "Rock and Roll Book Club: 'The Yacht Rock Book'". www.thecurrent.org.
[edit]
  • Yacht or Nyacht – list of songs as evaluated by the creators of the Yacht Rock web series for applicability to the genre
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