Wang Yaoqing (Peking opera)
| Wang Yaoqing | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Wang Yaoqing plays Queen Mother Xiao in Yanmen Pass.[a] | |||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 王瑤卿 | ||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 王瑶卿 | ||||||||
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Wang Yaoqing[b] (28 December 1881 – 3 June 1954) was a Chinese actor and singer noted for playing the role of a virtuous adult woman, or qingyi,[c] the most important role in Peking opera. He was from Qingjiangpu District, Huai'an in eastern Jiangsu Province.[1]
Wang was noted for his skills as a long-sleeved dancer, for sword dancing, and for his portrayal of a stylish Manchu lady. He was president of the National Academy of Chinese Theater Arts from 1951 to 1954. He taught many other actors, including Mei Lanfang, the best-known singer of the genre.[2]
Biography
[edit]Wang's father, Wang Xuanyun,[d] was an actor in Kun Opera.[3] He died when Yaoqing was 10. Yaoqing learned female impersonation from Tian Baolin.[e][4]
In 1894, Wang performed in The Pagoda,[f] his first play. In 1896, the Cheng Troupe was formed with Wang as a member.[5] In 1897, he married the daughter of Yang Duoxian.[g] His acting troupe disbanded during the Boxer Rebellion of 1900. Afterwards, he joined the Fushou Troupe.[4]
In 1904, Wang was summoned to the palace and asked to set lyrics written by Empress Dowager Cixi to music. He was awarded thirty taels for this.[3]
Wang registered to play for the imperial household. His role as a Manchu lady in Incident at Fen River Bend[h] was appreciated by Cixi. He joined the Tongqing Troupe in 1905. With partner Tan Xinpei, Wang introduced various innovations to the qingyi role, including a greater range of facial expression and stylized body movement.[6][4]
Wang's other notable roles include Fourth Son Visits His Mother,[i] The Wujia Slope,[j] Nantian Gate,[k][6] Goose Gate Pass, Mulan Joins the Army, Story of a White Snake, and Story of Willow Shade.[7]
Wang's voice deteriorated early. His last performance was in 1926 in Shanghai.[8] In the 1930s, he was a teacher at the Chinese Opera Academy.[l] This school was disbanded in 1941.
Wang was also a noted theater critic. He came up a set of four characters to describe the "four great dan." (A dan is a female impersonator.)[9] Wang served as president of the National Academy of Chinese Theater Arts, which was established in 1950. He died in 1954.[4]
More than sixty of Wang's manuscripts were left at Gumei Studio, his residence. He often collaborated with Chen Moxiang. Wang would set Chen's lyrics to music.[3]
A sound recording series of his work aimed at schoolchildren entitled Wang Yaoqing Talks about Opera was released in 1961.[10] In 2016, there was a concert at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing to honor Wang's 135th birthday.[11]
Notes
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Wang Kaihao (29 Dec 2016). "Symposium marks birth anniversary of Peking Opera guru Wang Yaoqing". China Daily.
- ^ Wang, Ningning (2019), A History of Ancient Chinese Music and Dance, American Academic Press, p. 479, ISBN 9781631816345
- ^ a b c Rolston, David (2021). Inscribing Jingju/Peking Opera: Textualization and Performance, Authorship and Censorship of the "National Drama" of China from the Late Qing to the Present. p. 274. ISBN 978-9004463394.
- ^ a b c d "王瑶卿", Baidu.
- ^ "事件：喜庆戏班报庙 (Event: Festive Theatrical Troupe Reporting the Temple)". Temple Festive Troupe Newspaper. 6 Nov 1896..
- ^ a b "Wang Yao-ch'ing," Boorman, Howard L. (1967), Biographical Dictionary of the Republic of China, vol. III, Columbia University Press, p. 398, ISBN 9780231089579
- ^ "Wang Yaoqing," Tan, Ye (2020), Historical Dictionary of Chinese Theater, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, p. 359, ISBN 9781538120644
- ^ "事件：言菊朋二次赴沪演出 (Event: Yan Jupeng performed in Shanghai for the second time)". Longevity Mirror. May 21, 1926.. The reviewer complained that, "Yaoqing lost his voice and Jupeng is too tender."
- ^ Zhang Kun (7 April 2018). "The stories behind the four great actors". China Daily USA.
- ^ Wang, Yaoqing (1961), Wáng yáo qīng shuō xì,《王瑶卿说戏》, Tai bei xian san chong shi (女王唱片)
- ^ "弘扬国粹传承历史：纪念京剧大师王瑶卿诞辰135周年] (Carrying forward the national quintessence and inheriting history: commemorating the 135th anniversary of the birth of Beijing opera master Wang Yaoqing)". Youth Commune. 30 Dec 2016.
External links
[edit]- 话京剧-王瑶卿2, Peking Opera-Wang Yaoqing 2 (video)
- 王瑶卿先生《三堂会审》1961年珍贵说戏录音 中国唱片. Pictures and a ten minute audio of Wang.
- 人物：王瑶卿 (Wang Yaoqing), 梨园百年琐记 (A Hundred Years of Notes). This bio features an extensive list of notices in the contemporary Chinese media.
Further reading
[edit]- Wang Yaoqing, "Wo de Youdian shidai" (My Youth), Juexue yuekan, 2.3, (1933): 17-19. Autobiographical material.
- Shi Ruoxu et al, 1985, Wáng Yáoqīng yìshù pínglùn jí 王瑶卿艺术评论集 (Collected essays on the Art of Wang Yaoqing), Beijing, Zhongguo Yishu.
