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Central Banda language

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"Vara language" redirects here. For the language of Papua, see Upper Morehead language.
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Central Banda
Native toCentral African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, South Sudan
Native speakers
(580,000 cited 1984–1996)[1]
Language codes
ISO 639-3Variously:
liy – Banda-Bambari
bpd – Banda-Banda
bqk – Banda-Mbrès
bfl – Banda-Ndélé
tor – Togbo-Vara Banda
bjo – Mid-Southern Banda
gox – Gobu
kuw – Kpagua
mnh – Mono
nue – Ngundu
Glottologcent2022

Central Banda is a dialect continuum of the Banda languages spoken by around one million people,[citation needed] primarily in the Central African Republic. The varieties may be mutually intelligible, especially the Mid-Southern–Gobu–Kpagua–Mono–Ngundu cluster. The other varieties are Bambari, Banda-Banda, Mbrès, Ndélé, and Togbo-Vara Banda.

Phonology

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The following is the Banda-Tangbago dialect:

Consonants

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Labial Alveolar Post-
alveolar 		Palatal Velar Labial-
velar 		Glottal
Plosive/
Affricate 		voiceless p t tʃ k kp ʔ
voiced b d dʒ ɡ ɡb
prenasal ᵐb ⁿd ⁿdʒ ᵑɡ ᵑᵐɡb
Fricative voiceless f s ʃ h
voiced v z ʒ
prenasal ᶬv ⁿz
Nasal m n ɲ
Tap/Flap ⱱ ɾ
Lateral l
Approximant j w

Vowels

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Front Central Back
Close i ɨ u
Close-mid e ə o
Open-mid ɔ
Open a

Tone

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Vowel tones are: rising /ǎ/, falling /â/, mid /ā/, low /à/, and high /á/.[2][3]

Varieties

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Central Banda language varieties listed by Moñino (1988):[4]

Nougayrol (1989) also lists Kɔ̀nɔ́, Manja, Ndòkà, Njùlúgù, and Sàra Dìnjo.[5]

Demographics

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Demographics of Central Banda language varieties as synthesized from Moñino (1988)[4] and Nougayrol (1989):[5]

Language Villages Population Clans Notes Countries
Bàndà-Bàndà
Bàndà-Kpaya (only in South Sudan)
Bàndà-Ndele
Bèrèyà
Bòngò
Búkà
Burú Kúyàrà 25 Màtià Kpata road; near Gbàyà of Krakə̀mâl; also in Bahr el Ghazal, migrated during the Zubayr era (ca. 1930) (only in South Sudan)
Dabùrù Ndagra 20 Kɔ̀tɔ̀, Ngòmbe, Ngulú (Kpata), Ndubu (Kpata and Ndagra) Kpata road
Dabùrù Kpàtà 380 Kpata road
Dabùrù Miskin 30 recent satellite of Jamsinda
Dùkpù (also in South Sudan)
Gài Zòkùtùɲálà Tulu Haraz road
Gài Batéle ́ Tulu Ndélé
Galabò
Gbàgà Mia Fɔ̀ndɔ̀ 90 Gbə̀lè, Gùməli, Mabiri, Vidi, Yàkpà
Gbàgà Kàká some
Gbàgà Kòv̂òngò Mia 70 Vidi, Yúdà
Gbàgà Ngú Sua 60 Kupi, Mbízà, Ngìàlúgù/Ngèlúgù/Njùlúgù, Vóndò
Gbàgà Gbàkó Lìkpà 65 Vidi
Gbàgà Bangora̱ 155 Dámbasí/Dámbacé, Kòlògbò, làngbà
Gbàgà Dàngàvo 50 Kòlògbò, Yàkpà
Gbàgà Yambala Màgùndà 80 Mɔnɔ, Vàngà
Gbàgà Vátá 170 Banga, Manja, poro, Tàngbàgò, Tògbò, Yàngbà
Gbàgà Vavú ?
Gbàgà Bu Mbàlà 45, with Gbaya Banga, Dákpá, Mòngò, Vidi
Gbàgà Bàmingi 1, 2 650 Gbàyà, Gùməli, Ngìàlúgù/Ngèlúgù/Njùlúgù, Sìmi/Cìmi, Vidi
Gbàgà Yangú Gàlá 30 Báláwà with the Mbele
Gbàgà Yambala Kùdùvèlé 90 Dámbasí/Dámbacé, Kpòʔòrò, Ngìàlúgù/Ngèlúgù/Njùlúgù, Sìmi/Cìmi, Wádà, Wójò, Yúdà
Gbàgà Jamsinda some Golongoso road
Gbambiya
Gbàyà Krakə̀mâ 1 210 Àbátà, Lòngbò, Tulu, Yàma Kpata road
Gbàyà Krakə̀mâ 2 80 Gbòngó, Gbókóló, ɲamô
Gbàyà Ngú Yambrì 40 ɲamô
Gbàyà Bu Mbàlà Lìwu some families; on Gangui road, on the outskirts of Gbaga
Gbòngó Takara 170 7 - Danbùrù, Gbàngárà, Ndì, Ngàmbeà, Ngulú, Wɔlɔ́, Yàndè Kpata road
Govo Ndélé ?
Gòv̂òrò (only in South Sudan)
Gubú (also in DR Congo)
Hàì
Jòtò
Júnguru Batéle 2 (Ndélé) and Idòngó originally from Kpula, and were subjects of Zubayr (also in South Sudan)
Kâ
Kɔ̀nɔ́ Batéle 2 (Ndélé) some families
Kpágùà (also in DR Congo)
Lìndá Lìndá 1 Ngbɔ̀lɔ̀ngɔ̀jɔ̀
Lìndá Lìndá 2 Mbìà
Lìndá formerly Kùcù Kakú
Lìndá some in Ndele Ngàò
Manja Batéle 1 (Ndélé cluster) 180 Bòkèngè, Bìsènge some families in Kubu and Jamsinda (Golongoso road)
Mbanja (only in DR Congo)
Mbanza (also in DR Congo)
Mbàtá Zòkùtùɲálà 340 250 Haraz road
Mbàtá Ndélé 1 neighborhood
Mbele Yangú Doro 40
Mbele Yangú Líká 30 Ngìndì
Mbele Yangú Gàlá Mbrua some families living with the Muruba
Mbele Yambala Kùdùvèlé some families living with the Muruba
Mbele Jamsinda Mbrua some families (on Golongoso road)
Mùrùbà Dungu Yangú 105 Yagua with the Ngao
Mùrùbà Biʃi Ngú 1 75 Kàgárà with the Ngapo
Mùrùbà Gbà Lə́bà 100 Gbanga
Mùrùbà Yangú Ngav̂ala 30 Gbózu Yavóró, Kàdá
Mùrùbà Kàgà Nzê 45 Kpèyí
Mùrùbà Ngú Mburu 25 Ngbə̀lɛ́lɛ́
Mùrùbà Mbí Ngú 45 Gbanga
Mùrùbà Muruba 250 Bongo 2 neighborhoods
Mùrùbà Sajara 130 Gàràwá, Kpèyí, Ngbalá, Sògbòrò 2 neighborhoods
Mùrùbà Kassaï Gbanga, Kpèyí, Wàndè some families
Mùrùbà Kro Pálíá some families
Mùrùbà Jamsinda some families
Mùrùbà Kubu some families; Golongoso road
Nbìyì
Ndi
Ndòkà Njùlúgù Ádùm Mindu 250 Bangui road
Ndòkpà
Ngàjà Ndélé some families
Ngàò Yangú Brinjì 155 Sàngàsà
Ngàò Ngú Jáká 200 Kàbà Kpata road
Ngàò Mbólò 1 295 Gbúlú
Ngàò Mbólò 2 25 Gòv̂òrò
Ngàò Mbólò 3 260 Lìwà
Ngàò Mbólò 4 60 Gbòngó
Ngàò Gbə̀tì ə́njo 35 Dòdòrò
Ngàò Kə́lə́ Bítì 145 Dòdòrò
Ngàò Vùngbá 55 Dòdòrò
Ngàò Yàfò 30 Jùmə̀là Bangoran road
Ngàò Kàká 120 Ndákpá
Ngàò Dungu Yangú 105 Dòdòrò with the Muruba
Ngàò Ngàò Ndákpá 55 Nivu (?)
Ngàò Kassaï some families
Ngàò Kro Pálíá some families
Ngápó Gbà Njípri 33 Gbàrə̀ Bangoran road
Ngápó Gbà Lə́bà 100 Dìgàò, Zàgò Bangui road; with the Muruba
Ngápó Kassaï
Ngápó Ndélé
Ngbalá Ndyiri Gbà Lábà 7 villages and clans
Ngbalá Ídòngó Dèngè
Ngbalá Ngú Gua (Gbɔ̀kɔ́)
Ngbalá Yangú Bə̀ (Wá Ngato)
Ngbalá Ngú Mbrì (Wàkà)
Ngbalá Ngú Tàgbà (Ngèlè)
Ngbalá Bangora̱ Gudèrè (Mɔ̀ʔɔ́)
Ngòlà Ndele
Ngòlà Jamsinda Golongoso road
Ngùndù
Sàbángà Gbə̀tì ə́ Njo Vəjà Bangoran road
Sàbángà Yangú Gàlá Bangui road
Sàra Dìnjo ɲango (Bangui road) 130 some Sàra Ngàma from Chad also joined recently
Southern Gbàgà
Tàngbàgò Ngú Sua Torofay 450 total Gbòngó, Gài Bangoran road (also in South Sudan)
Tàngbàgò Tolísiò Àngbé Bangoran road
Tàngbàgò Biʃi Ngú 2 Bílí Bangui road
Tàngbàgò Sa Kùmbá Mbákàná Bangui road
Tàngbàgò Dungu Yangú Mbákàná some families
Tògbò (also in South Sudan)
Tulu Dèò 35 Gèndè, Manja, Ngàyà, Ngàò Kpata road
Tulu Wî Fran 185 Kagba, Ngulú
Tulu Batéle 3 200 Gèndè, Kagba, Ngulú, Ngbenda, Ngàjà
Tulu Kro Pálíá Ndélé
Vàrà (also in South Sudan)
Vídìrì (Mvédèrè) (also in South Sudan)
Wádà Kubu Golongoso road; originally from Ouadda region, in Ndélé (also in South Sudan)
Wádà Batéle 2 Ndélé
Wasá Batéle 2 Ndélé some families (also in South Sudan)
Wùndù (only in South Sudan)
Yakpà (also in DR Congo)
Yàngere

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Banda-Bambari at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
    Banda-Banda at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
    Banda-Mbrès at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
    Banda-Ndélé at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
    Togbo-Vara Banda at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
    Mid-Southern Banda at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
    (Additional references under 'Language codes' in the information box)
  2. ^ Sampson, Douglas L. (1985). The phonology of Banda-Tangbago. In Schuh, Russell G. (ed.), Papers from the fifteenth conference on African linguistics: Los Angeles: University of California. pp. 269–274.
  3. ^ Hartell, Rhonda L. (1993). Alphabets des langues africaines. UNESCO and Société Internationale de Linguistique.
  4. ^ a b Moñino, Yves (1988). Lexique comparatif des langues oubanguiennes. Paris: Geuthner.
  5. ^ a b Nougayrol, Pierre. 1989. Les Groupes Banda du Bamingui-Bangoran (RCA). Révue d'Ethnolinguistique (Cahiers du LACITO) 4: 197-208.
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