Vilis Lācis
Vilis Lācis | |
|---|---|
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| Born | 12 May 1904 |
| Died | 6 February 1966 (aged 61) |
| Burial place | Forest Cemetery, Riga |
| Occupation(s) | Writer, politician |
| Political party | Communist Party of the Soviet Union |
| Spouses | Marija Bute (m. 1927–1944)Velta Kalpiņa (m. 1944) |
| Children | 5 |
Vilis Lācis (born Jānis Vilhelms Lāce (Old orthography: Jahn Wilhelm Lahze) on 12 May 1904, died 6 February 1966) was a Latvian writer and communist politician.[1]
Biography
[edit]Jānis Vilhelms Lāce was born into a working-class family in Vecmīlgrāvis (now part of Riga). During World War I, his family fled to the Altai region in Siberia, where Lācis studied at the pedagogical seminary in Barnaul. In 1921, Lācis returned to Riga and at various times worked as a fisherman, port worker, ship's fireman and librarian while writing in his free time. In 1933, he published his hugely successful novel Zvejnieka dēls ('Fisherman's Son'), making him one of the most popular and commercially successful Latvian writers of the 1930s. His novels have been characterized as popular fiction, not always liked by highbrow critics, but widely read by ordinary people.
Throughout this period, Lācis maintained underground ties to the officially banned Communist Party of Latvia. Due to his political activities, Lācis was under periodic surveillance by the Latvian Political Department. Eventually, Lācis became a favorite of Latvian president Kārlis Ulmanis, who personally ordered the destruction of the surveillance files on Lācis. Lācis wrote newspaper editorials highly favorable of the Ulmanis regime, while remaining a Communist supporter, and Ulmanis's government generously funded Lācis's writing and a film adaptation of Fisherman's Son. In the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic, eight films based on Lācis's works were produced, including a new adaptation of Fisherman's Son in 1957.
After Latvia was occupied and forcefully incorporated in the USSR in August 1940, Lācis became Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Latvian SSR (nominally, Prime Minister) and served in this position from 1940 to 1959. When Nazi Germany occupied Latvia from 1941 to 1944, Lācis was evacuated to Moscow, where he continued to write in a socialist realist style. He was regarded mostly as a figurehead, as most of the actual decisions were made by the Central Committee of the Communist Party.[citation needed] As first Minister of the Interior and then Chairman of the Supreme Soviet, he is seen as personally responsible for the Soviet deportations from Latvia.[2][3][4]
From 1954 to 1958, Lācis also served as Chairman of the Soviet of Nationalities.[5] He was awarded the Order of Lenin seven times and the Stalin Prize twice, in 1949 and 1952.[6]
Lācis's books have been translated into more than 50 languages, with the most numerous translations into Russian. He remains the most translated Latvian writer. He was among the contributors of semi-official literary magazine Karogs.[7]
References
[edit]- ^ Rožkalne, Anita; LU literatūras; folkloras un mākslas institūts (2003). Latviešu rakstniecība biogrāfijās (in Latvian). Riga: Zinātne. ISBN 9984-698-48-3. OCLC 54799673.
- ^ Laima, Rita (2017). Skylarks and Rebels: A Memoir about the Soviet Russian Occupation of Latvia, Life in a Totalitarian State, and Freedom. Stuttgart: ibidem Press. p. 118. ISBN 978-3-8382-6854-5.
Lācis was a communist and was allegedly responsible for the deportation of many of his compatriots.
- ^ Līcīte, Madara (13 November 2023). "Relocation of writer, politician Vilis Lācis' monument considered". Public Broadcasting of Latvia. Retrieved 26 October 2018.
Meanwhile, historian Juris Ciganovs mentioned that during Stalin's time, Lācis was both Minister of Interior and Chairman of the Council of Ministers. And above all, he signed the fatal order to deport 10,000 families in 1949.
- ^ "Balts mark Day of Mourning and Hope". The Baltic Times. 15 June 2005. Retrieved 25 April 2007.
Vike-Freiberga said that overnight on June 14, 1941 people who were included on the lists were detained and deported without a trial. She admitted that Latvians were also involved in these crimes, including Vilis Lacis, a famous writer, Alfreds Noviks, and others.
- ^ "СОЮЗ СОВЕТСКИХ СОЦИАЛИСТИЧЕСКИХ РЕСПУБЛИК". September 28, 2011. Archived from the original on September 28, 2011.
- ^ Serdāns, Viesturs (2006). A Hundred Great Latvians. Riga: Latvijas Mediji. p. 120.
- ^ Eva Eglāja-Kristsone (2019). "Reading Literary History through the Archives: The Case of the Latvian Literary Journal Karogs". In Aušra Jurgutienė; Dalia Satkauskytė (eds.). The Literary Field under Communist Rule. Boston, MA: Academic Studies Press. p. 202. doi:10.1515/9781618119780-013. ISBN 9781618119780. S2CID 213663806.
External links
[edit]
Media related to Vilis Lācis at Wikimedia Commons
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- 1904 births
- 1966 deaths
- Writers from Riga
- Politicians from Riga
- People from Kreis Riga
- Candidates of the Central Committee of the 19th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
- Candidates of the Central Committee of the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
- Communist Party of Latvia politicians
- Heads of government of the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic
- Ministers of the interior of Latvia
- Deputies of the People's Saeima
- Members of the Supreme Soviet of the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic, 1947–1951
- Chairmen of the Soviet of Nationalities
- First convocation members of the Soviet of Nationalities
- Second convocation members of the Soviet of Nationalities
- Third convocation members of the Soviet of Nationalities
- Fourth convocation members of the Soviet of Nationalities
- Fifth convocation members of the Soviet of Nationalities
- Soviet writers
- Latvian Marxist writers
- People's Writers of the Latvian SSR
- Recipients of the Stalin Prize
- Recipients of the Order of Lenin