Jump to content

User talk:Valjean/The references from the article

Page contents not supported in other languages.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Article from Journal of Controversial Medicine

[edit]

In 2002 the Journal of Controversial Medical Claims requested the NACM to submit a paper for publication:[1]

  • Title: NACM and its argument with mainstream chiropractic health care.
  • Journal: Journal of Controversial Medical Claims
  • Authors: Timothy A. Mirtz DC, Preston Long DC, CDE1, Alan Dinehart DC, MD, Ronald L. Slaughter DC, MS, Charles E. DuVall, Jr. DC, MPS, Randy Bryson DC, Fred Kourmadas DC, MS, John Campo DC, CICE

Authors notes

[edit]
  • The authors wish to point out that at time of acceptance of this paper, references were not included due to length of the paper and from what the editor of the journal termed “limited space.” This editorial concern prompted the reference section to be labeled: references available upon request.
  • The authors wish to point out one quote which was not referenced adequately. The quote “In medical quackery, inventiveness seems to be limitless.” belongs to reference number 34 (Skrabanek, 1988.)
  • The authors wish to inform the reader that after this reference section there are additional references used by the National Assocation for Chiropractic Medicine. Also contained is a chart entitled “Further Confusing Features of the Chiropractic Subluxation” which was not used in the forwarded journal submission but is provided as a key point.
  • These references presented here are those references prior to review of the pre-production galley sheet. Pre-production galley sheets allow for individual corrections to be made.
  • Please note that at this time we are predicting, due to space requirements, that the last two sections of this paper will be omitted.

References

[edit]

1. International Chiropractic Association. Chiropractic Clinical Guidelines and Practice Parameters. Chapter One. Chiropractic science and practice authorities and definitions. Draft for review. September 22, 1999.


2. Licht PB, Christenson HW, Svendensen P, Hoilund-Carlsen PF. Vertebral artery flow and cervical manipulation: an experimental study. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1999. Sep. 22(7):431-435.


3. Kaptchuk TJ, Eisenberg DM. Chiropractic: origins, controversies, and contributions. Arch Int Med. 1998. Nov. 158(20): 2215-2224.


4. Zwart H. Medicine, symbolization and the “real” body: Lacan’s understanding of medical science. Med Health Care Philos. 1998. 1(2):107-117.


5. Coulehan JL. Adjustment, the hands and healing. Cult Med Psychiatry. 1985. Dec. 9(4):353-382.


6. Klein P. Osteopathy and chiropractic. Rev Med Brux. 1998. Sep. 19(4):283-289.


7. Magner G. Barrett S. Chiropractic: The Victim’s Perspective. Prometheus Books. Amherst, New York. 1995.


8. Getzendanner S. Memorandum opinion and order in Wilk et al v AMA et al. No. 76 C 377. US District Court for the Northern District of Illinois. Eastern Division. August 27, 1993.


9. Andersen, DG. Clinical Nutrition. Jan. 2000. Dynamic Chiropractic Archives.


10. Haldeman S. Guidelines for Chiropractic Quality Assurance and Practice Parameters. Aspen Publishers. Gaithersburg, MD. 1993:188.


11. Shaffner KF. What is philosophy and its role in science and the healing arts? World Federation of Chiropractic. Conference on Philosophy in Chiropractic Education. November 10-13. 2000.


12. Bodnar M. Questions about the NACM? Chirosci-list@lists.netlojix.com. April 2: 2001..


13. Palmer, DD. Textbook of the art, science, and philosophy of chiropractic. Portland Printing House. Portland, OR. 1910:786-790.


14. Lawrence DJ. Sacred cows and shibboleths. Journal of Chiropractic Humanities. 1997;(1):56-60.


15. Jarvis W. Information for prudent consumers: Chiropractic. National Council Against Health Fraud. 1995.


16. Marchiori DM. Clinical imaging: pattern differentials. Mosby. St. Louis, MO. 1999:573.


17. Association of Chiropractic Colleges. A position paper on chiropractic. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics. 1996.19:634-637.


18. Leach RA. The Chiropractic Theories. Second Edition. Williams and Wilkins. Baltimore, MD. 1986:17.


19. Nelson CF. Spinal manipulation and chiropractic: views of a reformist chiropractor. Priorities. American Council on Science and Health. 1997-1999. 11(2):1-9.


20. Jutkowitz J. Bad decisions and bottlenecks. Dynamic Chiropractic Archives.


21. White AA, Panjabi MM. Clinical Biomechanics of the Spine. 2nd Edition. JB Lippencott. Philadelphia. 1990:434.


22. Van Schaik JPJ. Verbiest H, Van Schaik FDJ. Isolated spinous process deviations: a pitfall in the interpretation of the lumbar spine. Spine. 1989. 14(9):970-976.


23. Rosner A. FCER forum: Stalking the “S” word: a response to the Sludge Report. Dynamic Chiropractic. 1999. October 1;17(21):1-3.


24. Sigler DC, Howe JW. Inter- and intra-examiner reliability of the upper cervical X-ray marking system. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1985. Jun. 8(2):75-80.)


25. Jull G, Bogduk N, Marshland A. The accuracy of manual diagnosis for cervical zygopophyseal joint pain syndromes. Medical Journal of Australia. 1988. 148:233-236.


26. Haas M, Panzer DM. Palpatory diagnosis of subluxation. In Gatterman M. (ed) Foundations of Chiropractic Subluxation. St. Louis, MO. Mosby-Year Book. 1995:56-67.


27. Haldeman S. Guidelines for chiropractic quality assurance and practice parameters. Aspen Publishers. Gaithersburg, MD.1993:152.


28. Hestock L, Leboeuf-Yde C. Are chiropractic tests for the lumbo-pelvic spine unreliable and valid? A systematic critical literature review. 2000. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. May. 23(4):258-275.


29. Dilhunty JA. A mathematical basis for defining vertebral subluxations and their correction. Dynamic Chiropractic. 1997. September 22;15(20):1-10..


30. Rosner A. Synopsis of Research Conference IV: Arlington Heights, IL. July 23-25, 1999. Dynamic Chiropractic Archives. Sept. 20, 1999.


31. Meeker W. Health, subluxation, adjustment: semantic and scientific challenges still exist. Dynamic Chiropractic Archives.)


32. Nelson CF. The subluxation question. Journal of Chiropractic Humanities. 1997. 7(1):46-55.


33. Segan JC, Stauffer J. The Patient’s Guide to Medical Tests. Facts on File. New York. 1998:394.


34. Skrabanek P. Paranormal health claims. Experientia. 1988. Apr. 15. 44(4):303-309.


35. Smith, JC. Chiropractic ethics: an oxymoron? Journal of Chiropractic Humanities. 1999. 9(1):1-17.


36. Nelson CF. Chiropractic and wellness care. Journal of Chiropractic Humanities. 1994. 4(1):3-19.


37. Keating JC. Science and politics and the subluxation. American Journal of Chiropractic Medicine. 1988. 1:107-110.


38. Rome PL. Usage of chiropractic terminology in the literature: 296 ways to say “subluxation”: complex issues of the vertebral subluxation. Chiropractic Technique. 1996. 8:49-60.


39. Rome PL. Subluxation synonyms and metaphors. Dynamic Chiropractic. 1998. 16(22):1-6.


40. Gatterman MI. Foundations of chiropractic: subluxation. Mosby Year Book. St. Louis, MO. 1995.


41. Cashman SJ. Nomenclatures of anatomical distortions of the spine: a comparison. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1988. Feb. 11(1): 31-35.


42. Nansel DD, Szlazak M. Somatic dysfunction and the phenomenon of visceral disease simulation: a probable explanation for the apparent effectiveness of somatic therapy in patients presumed to be suffering from true visceral disease. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1995; 18:379-397.


43. Keating JC. Beyond the theosophy of chiropractic. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics. 1989. 12(2):147-150.


44. Keating JC. “Research” and “science” in the first half of the chiropractic century. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics. 1995. 18(6):357-378.


45. Dunn M, Slaughter RL, Edington KG. Is there a chiropractic science? Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics. 1990.13(7):412-417.


46. Bachop WE. Controlled clinical trials, third party payers, and the fate of the chiropractor. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics. 1980. 3(2):93-96.


47. Wardwell WI. Chiropractic “philosophy”. Journal of Chiropractic Humanities. 1993.3(1):3-8.


48. Donahue JH. Palmer’s principle of tone: our metaphysical basis. Journal of Chiropractic Humanities. 1993.3(1):56-61.


49. Seaman DR. Philosophy and science versus dogmatism in the practice of chiropractic. Journal of Chiropractic Humanities. 1998. 8(1):55-66.


50. Mirtz TA. The question of theology for chiropractic: a theological examination of the chiropractic prime tenets. Journal of Chiropractic Humanities. 2001;11(1):1-33.


51. Homola S. Chiropractic as a neuromusculoskeletal speciality. Chiropractic Technique. 1995. 7(4):147-148.


52. Homola S. Seeking a common denominator in the use of spinal manipulation. Chiropractic Technique. 1992. 4(2):61-63.


53. Seaman DR. Antiquated concepts related to chiropractic technique. part :a case against mental impulses and nerve interference. Chiropractic Technique. 1999.11(3):95-100.


54. Donahue JH. DD Palmer and the metaphysical movement in the 19th century. Chiropractic History. 1987.7(1):22-27.


55. Winterstein JF. Philosophical questions for the chiropractic profession. Philosophical Constructs for the Chiropractic Profession.1991. 1(1):3-5.


56. Phillips RB. A view on values. Philosophical Constructs for the Chiropractic Profession. 1991.1(1):11-13.


57. McAndrews JF. The knowledge of our knowledge. Philosophical Constructs for the Chiropractic Profession. 1991.1(1):14-17.


58. Carlton K. A travelers guide to philosophy for the chiropractic profession. Philosophical Constructs for the Chiropractic Profession. 1991.1(1):18-20.


59. Donahue JH. Are philosophers just scientists without data? Philosophical Constructs for the Chiropractic Profession. 1991.1(1):21-24.


60. Lawrence DL. Can chiropractic be a philosophical discipline? Philosophical Constructs for the Chiropractic Profession. 1991.1(1):25-27.


61. Bachop W. The warfare of science with the philosophy in contemporary chiropractic. Philosophical Constructs for the Chiropractic Profession. 1991.1(1):33-36.


62. Winterstein JF. Is traditional “chiropractic philosophy” valid today? Philosophical Constructs for the Chiropractic Profession. 1991.1(1):37-40.


63. Coulter ID. Uses and abuses of philosophy in chiropractic. Philosophical Constructs for the Chiropractic Profession. 1991.1(1):3-7.


64. Donahue JH. The trouble with innate and the trouble that causes. Philosophical Constructs for the Chiropractic Profession. 1992. 1(1):21-25.


65. Beck BL. Magnetic healing, spiritualism and chiropractic: Palmer’s union of methodologies, 1886-1895. Chiropractic History. 1991.11(2):11-16.


66. Haldeman S. Philosophy and the future of chiropractic. ACA Journal of Chiropractic. 1990.July:23-29.


67. Donahue JH. Dis-ease in our principles: the case against innate intelligence. American Journal of Chiropractic Medicine. 1988.1(2):86-88.


68. Donahue JH. DD Palmer and the metaphysical movement in the 19th century. Chiropractic History. 1987.7(1):23-27.


69. Morgan L. Innate intelligence: its origins and problems. Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association. 1998.42(1):35-41.


70. Sanders M. Take it from a DC: a lot of chiropractic is a sham. Medical Economics. 1990. September 17:31-39.


71. Coulter ID. The roles of philosophy and belief systems in complementary and alternative health care. Conference on Philosophy in Chiropractic Education.World Federation of Chiropractic. November 10-13, 2000.


72. Rosner AL. A capsule review of chiropractic research and practice standards. FCER Advance. 2000. Winter. 21(1):4,5,28-30.


73. Johnson ME. FCER Forum: Responding to consumer resports. Dynamic Chiropractic Archives. 1994.


74. King M. Faculty viewpoints: a higher standard. Dynamic Chiropractic Archives.


75. Imrie R, Ramey DW. The evidence for evidence-based medicine. Complimentary Therapies in Medicine. 2000. 8:123-126.


76. Engum SA, Carter ME, Murphy D, Breckler FM, Schoonveld G, Grosfeld JL. Home bowel preparation for elective colonic procedures in children: cost savings with quality assurance and improvement. J Pediatr Surg. 2000. Feb. 35(2):232-234.


77. Berwits M. From practice to research: the case for criticism in an age of evidence. Soc Sci Med. 1998. Nov. 47(10):1539-1545..


77. Mogyorosy G, Belicza E. Evidence-based medicine in everyday medical practice. Orv Hetil. 1999. May 23. 140(21):1173-1177.


78. Astin JA. Does the chiropractic profession need a common conceptual framework? World Federation of Chiropractic. Conference on Philosophy in Chiropractic Education. November 10-13. 2000.


79. Brigley S, Young Y, Littlejohns P, McEwen J. Continuing education for medical professionals: a reflective model. Postgrad Med J. 1997. Jan. 73(8):23-26.


80. Rowan F. The high stakes of risk communication. Prev Med. 1996. Jan. 25(1):26-29.


81. Bigos S. Acute low back pain problems in adults. Agency for Health Care Policy and Research. Rockville, MD. 1994. AHCPR publication 95-0642.


82. Shekelle PG, Adams AH, Chassen MR, Hurwitz EL, Phillips RB, Brook RH. The appropriateness of spinal manipulation for low back pain: project overview and literature review. RAND. Santa Monica, CA. 1991


83. Eingorn AM, Muhs GJ. Rationale for assessing the effects of manipulative therapy on autonomic tone by analysis of heart rate variability. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1999. Mar. 22(3):161-165.


84. Goldstein MS. Is belief significant in the effectiveness of chiropractic practice. World Federation of Chiropractic. Conference on Philosophy in Chiropractic Education. November 10-13. 2000.


85. Homola S. Finding a good chiropractor. Arch Fam Med. 1998. Jan/Feb. 7(1): 2-23.


86. Leboeuf-Yde C, Axen I, Ahlefeldt G, Rosenbaum A, Thurrnherr T. The types and frequencies of improved non-musculoskeletal symptoms reported after chiropractic spinal manipulative therapy. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1999. Nov. 22(9):559-564.


87. Modde PJ. Chiropractic Malpractice. Hanrow Press. 1987.


88. Walker J, Shephard RJ. Cardiac risk factors innediately following spinal injury. Arch Phys Med Rehab. 1993. Nov. 74(11):1129-1133.)


89. Jinkins JR. Aquired degenerative changes of the intervertebral segments at and supradjacent to the lumbosacral junction: a radioanatomic analysis of the nondiskal structures of the spinal column and perispinal soft tissues. Radiol Clin North Am. 2001. Jan. 39(1):73-99.


90. Kemper KJ. Ambulatory Pediatric Association presidential address: Holistic pediatrics=good medicine. Pediatrics. 2000. Jan. 105(1):214-218.


91. Micheli LJ, Wood R. Back pain in young athletes: significant differences from adults in causes and patterns. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1995. Jan. 149(1):15-18.


92. Nance DK, Hickey M. Spondylolisthesis in children and adolescents. Orthop Nurs. 1999. Jan. 18(1): 21-27.


93. Rosman NP, Oppenheimer EY, O’Conner JF. Emergency management of pediatric head injuries. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 1983. Apr. 1(1):141-174.


94. Lindseth RE. Ethical issues in pediatric orthopedics. Clin Orthop. 2000. Sep. 378:61-65.


95. Satter E. A moderate view on fat restriction for young children. J Am Diet Assoc. 2000. Jan. 100(1):32-36.


96. Bigos, S. Acute low back problems in adults. Clinical Practice Guideline, Number 14. Agency for Health Care Policy and Research. December, 1994.


97. Hay WM, Hayward AR, Levin MJ, Sondheimer JM. Current Pediatric Diagnosis and Treatment. 14th Edition. McGraw-Hill. New York. 1999:633.


98. Egelhoff JC. MR imaging of congenital anomalies of the pediatric spine. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 1999. Aug. 7(3):459-479.


99.Copley LA, Dormans JP. Cervical spine disorders in infants and children. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 1998. Jul. 6(4):204-214.


100. Herman MJ, Pizzutillo PD. Cervical spine disorders in children. Orthop Clin North Am. 1999. Jul. 30(3):457-466.


101. Kumaresan S, Yoganandan N, Pintar FA, Maiman DJ, Kuppa S. Biomechanical study of pediatric human cervical spine: a finite element approach. J Biomech Eng. 2000. Feb. 122(1):60-71.


102. Fesmire FM, Luten RC. The pediatric cervical spine: developmental anatomy and clinical aspects. J Emerg Med. 1989. Mar. 7(2):133-142.


103. Rohrschneider WK, Forsting M, Darge K, Troger J. Diagnostic value of spinal US: comparative study with MR imaging in pediatric patients. Radiology. 1996. Aug. 2000(2):383-388.


104. Laham JL, Cotcamp DH, Gibbons PA, Kahana MD, Crone KR. Isolated head injuries versus multiple trauma in pediatric patients: do the same indications for cervical spine evaluation apply? Pediatr Neurosurg. 1994. 21(4):221-226.


105. Della-Giustina K, Della-Guistina DA. Emergency department evaluation and treatment of pediatric orthopedic injuries. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 1999. Nov. 17(4):895-922.


105. Afshani E, Kuhn JP. Common causes of low back pain in children. Radiographics. 1991. Mar. 11(2): 269-291.


106. Roshkow JE, Haller JO, Hotson GC, Sclafani PM, Mezzacappa PM, Rachlin S. Imaging evaluation of children after falls from a height: review of 45 cases. Radiology. 1990. 175:359-363.


107. Erkintalo M, Salminen JJ, Kaprio J. Low back pain in adolescent athletes. Med Sci Sports Exer. 199. Feb. 28(2):165-170.


108. Salminen JJ, Oksanen A, Maki P, Pentti J, Kujala UM. Leisure time physical activity in the young: correlation with low back pain, spinal mobility and trunk muscle strength in 15 year old school children. Int J Sports Med. 1993. Oct. 14(7):406-410.


109. Grimmer KA, Jones D, Williams J. Prevalence of adolescent injury from recreational exercise: an Australian perspective. J Adolesc Health. 2000. Oct. 27(4):266-272.


110. Maffulli N, Bruns W. Injuries in young athletes. Eur J Pediatr. 2000. 159(1-2):59-63.


111. Macgregor DM. Nintendonitis? A case report of repetitive strain injury in a child as a result of playing computer games. Scott Med J. 2000. Oct. 45(5):150.


112. Wakhlu A, Wakhlu AK. Congenital lumbar hernia. Pediatr Surg Int. 2000. 16(1):146-148.


113. Somuncu S, Bernay F, Rizalar R, Ariturk E, Gunaydin M, Gurses N. Congenital lumbar hernia associated with the lumbocostovertebral syndrome: two cases. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 1997. Apr. 7(2):122-124.


114. Garrido E. Lumbar disc herniation in the pediatric patient. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 1993. Jan. 4(1):149-152.


115. Hancock BJ, Wiseman NE. Incarcerated congenital lumbar hernia associated with the lumbocostovertebral syndrome. J Pediatr Surg. 1988. Aug. 23(8):782-783.


116. Callahan DJ, Pack LL, Bream RC, Hensinger RN. Intervertebral disc impingement syndrome in a child: report of a case and suggested pathology. Spine. 1986. May. 11(4):402-404.


117. Newcomer K, Sinaki M. Low back pain and its relationship to back strength and physical activity in children. Acta Paediatr. 1996. Dec. 85(12):1433-1439.


118. Nissinen M, Heliowaara M, Seitsamo J, Alaranta H, Poussa M. Anthropometric measurements and the incidence of low back pain in a cohort of pubertal children. Spine. 1994. Jun. 19(12): 1367-1370.


119. Sponseller PD. Evaluating the child with back pain. Am Fam Physician. 1996. Nov. 54(6):1933-1941.


120. Boriani S, Biagini R, De lure F, Andreoli I, Lari S, Di Fliore M. Lumbar vertebrectomy for the treatment of bone tumors: surgical technique. Chir Organi Mov. 1994. Jan. 79(1):93-99.


121. Botting D. Review of the literature on the effectiveness of reflexology. Complement Ther Nurs Midwifery. 1997. Oct. 3(5):123-130.


122. International Chiropractic Pediatric Association. http://www.4icpa.org/research.htm


123. Colley F, Haas M. Attitudes on immunizations: a survey of American chiropractors. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1994. Nov. 17(9):584-590.


124. Anderson, R. Chiropractors for and against vaccines. Medical Anthropology. 1990. Mar;12(2):169-186.


125. Morgan, LG. Pertussis immunization: an update. J Can Chiropr Assoc. 1997;41(2):86-90.


126. Gellen BG, Maibach EW, Marcuse EK. Do parents understand immunizations? A national telephone survey. Pediatrics. 2000. Nov. 106(5):1097-1102.


127. Jarvis W. Information for prudent consumers: Chiropractic. National Council Against Health Fraud. 1995.


128. Morgan, LG. Colley F, Haas M. Immunization: What do the data really show? Dynamic Chiropractic Archives.


129. Jamison J. The chiropractic doctor. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics. 1985. December. 8(4): 245-249.


130. Culbert, W. It appears, however, that Dr Sportelli still seems to embody much of the ignorance of medicine that he attributes to the health care consumer. Letters. Dynamic Chiropractic. 2000. 18 (7):1-4. March 20.


131. Modde, PJ. Chiropractic Malpractice. Hanrow Press. Columbia, MD. 1985: 1, 14.


132. NACM website: http://www.chiromed.org/nacm.htm


133. Zitting P, Vahharanta H. Why do we need more information about the risk factors of the musculoskeletal pain disorders in children and adolescence? Int J Circumpolar Health. 1998. Jul. 57(2-3): 148-155.


134. Nyiendo J. A comparison of low back pain profiles of chiropractic teaching clinic patients with patients attending private clinicians. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics. 1990. 13(8):437.


135. Haldeman, S. Guidelines for Chiropractic Quality Assurance and Practice Parameters. Aspen Publishers. Gaithersburg, MD. 1993: 144.


136. Peterson DM. Report of my findings: the building blocks of wellness. Dynamic Chiropractic Archives.


137. Hurwitz EL, Coulter ID, Adams AH, Genovese BJ, Shekelle PG. Use of chiropractic services from 1985 from 1991 in the United States and Canada. American Journal of Public Health. 1998. 88:771-776.


138. Nelson, CF. Spinal manipulation and chiropractic: views of a reformist chiropractor. Priorities. American Council on Science and Health. 1997-1999. 11(2):1-9.


139. Cherkin D. MacCornack FA, Berg, AO. Managing low back pain: a comparison of beliefs and behaviors of family physicians and chiropractors. Western Journal of Medicine. 1988. 149(4):475-80.


139. Freedman K, Bernstein J. The adequacy of medical school education in musculoskeletal medicine. Journal of Bone Joint Surgery. 1998. 80-A(10): 1421-1427.


140. Jamison, JR. Chiropractic referral: in search of criteria upon which medical practitioners agree to refer for chiropractic care. Chiropractic Journal of Australia. 1995. March. 25(1):13-17.


141. MacDonald R, Micom M, Bell C. Back pain clinicians advocate multi-disciplinary approach. Back Pain Monitor. 9(3): 33-48.


142. Kirkaldy-Willis WH, Cassidy JD. Spinal manipulation in the treatment of low back pain. Can Fam Physician. 1985. 31:535-540.


143. Horwitz AD, Hosek R, Boyle J, Cianciulli A, Glass J, Codario R. A new gatekeeper for back pain. American Journal of Managed Care. 1998. April. 4(4):576-579.


144. Magnus WW, Gambler RG. Osteopathic manipulative treatment: student attitudes before and after intensive clinical exposure. J Am Osteopathic Assoc. 1997. Feb. 97(2):109-113.


145. Johnson SM, Kurtz ME, Kurtz JC. Variables influencing the use of osteopathic manipulative treatment in family practice. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 1997. Feb. 97(2):80-87.


146. Fry LJ. Preliminary findings on the use of osteopathic manipulative treatment by osteopathic physicians. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 1996. Feb. 96(2):91-96.


147. Vick DA, McKay C, Zengerle CR. The safety of manipulative treatment: review of the literature from 1925 to 1993. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 1996. Feb. 96(2):113-115.


147. Shekelle PG, Adams AH, Chassin MR, Hurwitz EL, Phillips RB, Brook RH. The appropriateness of spinal manipulation for low back pain: project overview and literature review. RAND, Santa Monica, CA. 1991. 3-4, 6-9.


148. Mainous AG, Gill JM, Zoller JS, Wolman MG. Fragmentation of patient care between chiropractors and family physicians. Arch Fam Med. 2000. May. 9(5):446-450.


149. Northcott HC, Bachynsky JA. Concurrent utilization of chiropractic, prescription medicines, non-prescription medicines and alternative health care. Soc Sci Med. 1993. Aug. 37(3):431-435.


150. Breen A, Carrington M, Collier R, Vogel S. Communication between general and manipulative practitioners: a survey. Complement Ther Med. 2000. Mar. 8(1):8-14.


151. Kaegi E. A patient’s guide to choosing unconvential therapies. CMAJ. 1998. May. 158(9):1161-1165.


152. Studdert DM, Eisenberg DM, Miller FH, Curto DA, Kaptchuk TJ, Brennen TA. Medical malpractice implications of alternative medicine. J Am Med Assoc. 1998. Nov. 280(18):1610-1615.


153. Sveska KJ. Taking an alternative risk. Mich Health Hosp. 1998. Nov. 34(6):26-27.


154. Nelson CF. Chiropractic scope of practice. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics. 1993. 16(7):488-497.


155. Teitelbaum M. The role of chiropractic in primary care: findings of four community studies. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2000. Nov. 23(9):601-609.


155. Nelson CF. Letter to the Editor. Chiropractic Technique. 1992; 4(4):158.


156. Nemeth E. Physical medicine in the diagnosis and treatment of functional disorders of the spinal column. Med Pregl. 1999. Jun. 52(6):233-236.


156. Leboeuf-Yde, C. How real is the subluxation? A research perspective. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1998. September 21:492-494.


157. Haldeman S, Rubinstein SM. The precipitation or aggravation of musculoskeletal pain in patients receiving spinal manipulative therapy. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1993. Jan. 16(1): 47-50.


158. Borenstein DG. Epidemiology, etiology, diagnostic evaluation, and treatment of low back pain. Curr Opin Rheumatology. 1999. Mar. 11(2):151-157.


159. Homola S. Inside Chiropractic. Prometheus Books. Amherst, New York. 1999:78.


160. Kent C. Vertebral Subluxation in Chiropractic Practice: Clinical Practice Guideline. Council on Chiropractic Practice. 1998:83.


161. Kent C. Vertebral Subluxation in Chiropractic Practice: Clinical Practice Guideline. Council on Chiropractic Practice. 1998:6.


162. Nansel DD, Waldorf T, Cooperstein R. Letter in Reply. Effect of unilateral spinal adjustments on goniometrically-assessed cervical lateral flexion end range asymetries in otherwise asymptomatic subjects. Journal of Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1990. Sep. 13(7):418.


163. Modde PJ. Chiropractic Malpractice. Hanrow Press. 1987.


164. Robertson GA, Troyanovich SJ. Spinal manipulative therapy: mechanisms and implications. In Sweere J. Chiropractic Family Practice. Aspen Publications. 1994:2-4:1.


165. French SD, Green S, Forbes A. Reliability of chiropractic methods commonly used to detect manipulable lesions in patients with chronic low back pain. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2000. May. 23(4):231-238.


166. Haldeman S. Spinal manipulative therapy: a status report. Clin Orthop. 1983. Oct. 179:62-70.


167. Curtis P. Bove G. Family physicians, chiropractors, and back pain. Journal of Family Practice. 1992; 35(5):551-555.


168. Paris SV. Spinal manipulative theray. Clin Orthop. 1983. Oct. 179:55-61.


169. Torstensen TA, Nielsen LL, Jensen R, Reginiussen T, Wiesener T, Kirkesola G, Mengshoel AM. Physiotherapy as manual therapy. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 1999. May 30. 119(14):2059-2063.


170. Vick DA, McKay C, Zengerle CR. The safety of manipulative treatment: review of the literature from 1925 to 1993. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 1996. Feb. 96(2):113-115.


171. Potash WJ, Gratch MJ, Star AM, Goldberg RA. Your lower back: Your not alone! Paragon Communications. Jenkintown, PA. 1993:92.


172. Seimon LP. Low Back Pain: Clinical Diagnosis and Management. Appleton-Century-Crofts. Norwalk, CT. 1994:94.


173. Chukina EA, Lapshin VP, Okhotskii VP, Malygina MA, Larionov KS. The combined use of interference currents and medical gymnastics in the rehabilitative treatment of patients with injuries to the ligamentous appraratus of the knee joint. Vopr Kurortol Fizioter Lech Fiz Kult. 2000. Jan. (1):11-14.


174. Mascaro TB, Swanson LE. Rehabilitation of the foot and ankle. Orthop Clin North Am. 1994. Jan. 25(1):147-160.


175. Triano JJ, McGregor M, Skogsbergh DR. Use of chiropractic manipulation in lumbar rehabilitation. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development. 1997. Oct. 34(4):394-404.


176. Engebretson J, Wardell D. A contemporary view of alternative healing modalities. Nurse Practitioner. 1993. Sep. 18(9): 51-55.


177. Jarvis WT. Quackery: a national scandal. Clin Chem. 1992. Aug. 38(8):1574-1586.


178. Johnson GC, Gottesman RA. The health fraud battle: education is the best defense. Postgrad Med. 1989. Jun. 85(8): 289-293.


179. Bigby M. Snake oil for the 21st Century. Arch Dermatol. 1998. Dec. 134(12:1512-1514.


180.Gill GV, Redmond S, Garratt F, Paisey R. Diabetes and alternative medicine: cause for concern. Diabet Med. 1994. Mar. 11(2):210-213.


181. Kottow MH. Classical medicine versus alternative medical practices. J Med Ethics. 1992. Mar. 18(1):18-22.


182. Morris SC, Taplin JE, Gelman SA. Vitalism in naïve biological thinking. Dev Psych. 2000. Sep. 36(5):582-595..


183. Sturner WQ, Herrmann MA, Boden C, Scarritt TP, Sherman RE, Harmon TS, Woods KB. The Frye hearing in Florida: an attempt to exclude scientific evidence. J Forensic Sci. 2000. Jul. 45(4):908-910.


184. Guiffre M. Science, bad science, and pseudoscience. J Perianesth Nurs. 1997. Dec. 12(6):434- 438.


185. Harsanyi L. Quackery, alternative medicine and the forensic expert. Morphol Igazsagugyi Orv Sz. 1990. Jan. 30(1):69-75.


186. Vesely M. The chiropractic cult. Dynamic Chiropractic Archives.


187. Sellick SM, Zaza C. Critical review of 5 non-pharmacologic strategies for managing cancer pain. Cancer Prev Control. 1998. Feb. 2(1):7-14.


188. Jansen RD. Pseudoscientific seminars: counterfeit chiropractic. Dynamic Chiropractic Archives.


189.International Chiropractic Association.. ICA Board unanimously declines ACA merger invitation. ICA News Oct 24, 2000.


190. McQueen M. Back out of Whack. Money Magazine. May, 1999: 187-191.


191. Robb-Nicholson C. (Editor). Complementary Medicine. Chiropractic Manipulation. Harvard Women’s Health Watch. December, 1995:4-5.


192. Zwicky JF, Hafner AW. Reader's Guide to Alternative Health Methods. American Medical Association. 1993: 313.


193. Chiropractors: Can they help? Do they harm? Consumer Reports. June, 1994:383-390.


194. Helms S. Where to find back-pain relief. Consumers Digest. July/August 1994:29-32,72-73.


195. Prevention's Health Resource Guide, June, 1994.


196. Begley S. The health news your doctor won't tell you: alternative treatments that work. McCall's. October, 1994:52-63.


197. Harris M. The well-adjusted child. Woman's Day. June, 1995:77-80.


198. Protos J. Ten things your chiropractors won't tell you. Smart Money. January, 1997.


199. Gilbert S. What chiropractors are really good at...and which problems you should never put in their hands. Remedy. 1996: 22-25.


200. Chiropractors in a new light. Federal Express Newsletter. Federal Express Corp. Spring, 1997:7.


201. D' Epiro NW. Chiropractic: defining its role. CAM Spotlight. Patient Care. June 15, 1999:23-29.


202. Ankerberg JF, Weldon JF. Can you trust your doctor? Wolgemuth & Hyatt Publishers. Brentwood, TN. 1991:206.


203. Fultz O. Chiropractic: what can it do for you? American Health. April, 1992:41-44.


204. Kassberg M. How chiropractors are manipulating your patients. Pediatric Management. 1993. Nov. 4(11):23-34.


205. Kusserow RP. Inspection of chiropractic services under Medicare. US Department of Health and Human Services. Office of Inspector General: Office of Analysis and Inspections. August. 1986. 1-18.


206. Homola S. Sense and nonsense in chiropractic care. Scholastic Coach and Athletic Director. 1995. March. 64(8):32-35.


207. Lauro A. Please leave: Readers respond to Dr. Homola. The Chiropractic Journal. 1995. Aug. 9(11):4.


208. Spearman M. Whatever legal means may be necessary to remove DuVall’s license should be explored. We Get Letters. Dynamic Chiropractic Archives.


209. Winterstein JF. Philosophy of chiropractic: a contemporary perspective. ACA Journal of Chiropractic. May. 1994: 64-71.


210. Haneveld GT. A sad and painful heart: Andreas Vesalius as cardiologist. Verh K Acad Geneeskd Belg. 1993. 55(6):683-699.


Supporting references

[edit]
    • Keating JC. Slow progress. Dynamic Chiropractic. 1993. 11(23):44.


    • Carlton KH. A traveler's guide to philosophy for the chiropractic profession. Philosophical Constructs for the Chiropractic Profession. 1991. 1(1):18-20.


    • Winterstein JF. Philosophy of chiropractic: a contemporary perspective. ACA Journal of Chiropractic. April. 1994: 28-37.


    • Winterstein JF. Philosophy of chiropractic: a contemporary perpective. ACA Journal of Chiropractic. May. 1994: 64-71


    • Shekelle PG, Woolf SH, Eccles M. Grimshaw J. Clinical guidelines: developing guidelines. British Medical Journal. 1999. Feb. 318(7183):593-596.


    • Neely JG, Hartman JM, Wallace MS. Building the powerful 10-minute office visit: Part II: beginning a critical literature review. Laryngoscope. 2001. Jan. 111(1):70-76.


    • Vickers A, Zollman C. ABC of complementary medicine: the manipulative therapies: osteopathy and chiropractic. British Medical Journal. 1999. Oct. 319:1176-1179.


    • Downey BJ, Taylor NF, Niere KR. Manipulative physiotherapists can reliably palpate nominated lumbar spinal levels. Man Ther. 1999. Aug. 4(3):151-156.


    • Assendelft WJ, Bouter KM, Knipschild PG. Complications of spinal manipulation: a comprhensive review of the literature. J Fam Pract. 1996. May. 42(5):475-480.


    • Lefoeuf-Yde C, Rasmussen LR, Klougart N. The risk of over-reporting spinal manipulative therapy-induced injuries: a description of some cases that failed to burden the statistics. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1996. Oct. 19(8):536-538.


    • Nemeth E. Physical medicine in the diagnosis and treatment of functional disorders of the spinal column. Med Pregl. 1999. Aug. 52(6):233-236.)


    • Hart LE. Exercise and soft tissue injury. Baillieres Clin Rheumatol. 1994. Feb. 8(1):137-148.


    • Shekelle, PG, Spine Update: Spinal Manipulation. Spine 1994; 19:858-861)


    • Herzog W. Clinical Biomechanics of Spinal Manipulation. Churchill Livingstone. Philadelphia. 2000.


    • Castleman M. Blended Medicine. Rodale Books. St. Martin’s Press. Emmaus, PA. 2000:95.


    • Redwood D. In Castleman M. Blended Medicine. Rodale Books. St. Martin’s Press. Emmaus, PA. 2000:95.


    • Triano J. The mechanics of spinal manipulation. In: Herzog W. Clinical Biomechanics of Spinal Manipulation. Churchill Livingstone. Philadelphia. 2000:92-95.


    • National Association for Chiropractic Medicine. General Policy Statements. 1996.


    • Jaskoviak P. From the editor: spotlight on chiropractic. The American Chiropractor. 1995. 17(6):4.


    • Paul FA, Buser BR. Osteopathic manipulative treatment applications for the emergency department patient. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 1996. 96(7):403-409.


Chiropractic medicine, spinal manipulation, and the pediatric population

[edit]
    • Jauregui N, Lincoln T, Mubarak S, Garfin S. Surgically related upper cervical spine canal anatomy in children. Spine. 1993. Oct. 15. 1814):1939-1944.


    • Yousefzadeh DK, El-Khoury GY, Smith WL. Normal sagittal diameter and variation in the pediatric cervical spine. Radiology. 1982. Jul. 144(2):319-325.


    • Kasai T, Ikatat T, Katoh S, Miyake R, Tsubo M. Growth of the cervical spine with special reference to its lordosis and mobility. Spine. 1996. Sep. 15; 21(18):2067-2073.


    • Pfirrmann CWA, Binkert CA, Zanetti M, Boos N, Hodler J. MR morphology of alar ligaments and occipitoatlantoaxial joints: study of 50 asymptomatic subjects. Radiology. 2001. 218:133-137.


    • Ross A, Curnes JT, Greenwood RS. Recurrent vertebrobasilar embolism in an infant with Klippel-Feil anomaly. Pediatr Neurol. 1987. May. 3(3):181-183.


    • Deeg KH, Alderath W, Bettendorf U. Basilar artery insufficiency—a possible cause of sudden infant death? Results of a Doppler ultrasound study of 39 children with apparent life threatening events. Ultraschall Med. 1998. Dec. 19(6):250-258.


    • Pamphlett R, Murray N. Vulnerability of the infant brain stem to ischemia: a possible cause of sudden infant death syndrome. J Child Neurol. 1996. May. 11(3):181-184.


    • Macchi C, Giannelli F, Cecchi F, Gulisano M, Pacini P, Corcos L, Catini C, Brizzi E. The inner diameter of human intracranial vertebral artery by color Doppler method. Ital J Anat Embryol. 1996. Apr. 101(2):81-87.


    • Sze G, Baierl P, Bravo S. Evolution of he infant spinal column: evaluation with MR imaging. Radiology. 1991. Dec. 181(3):819-827.


    • Jozwiak M, Pietrzak S, Tobjasz F. The epidemiology and clinical manifestations of hamstring muscle and plantar foot flexor shortening. Dev Med Child Neurol. 1997. Jul. 39(7):481-483.


    • Bass SL. The prepubertal years: a uniquely opportune stage of growth when the skeleton is most responsive to exercise? Sports Med. 2000. Aug. 30(2):73-78.


    • Pollina J, Li V. Tandem spinal cord injuries without radiographic abnormalities in a young child. Pediatr Neurosurg. 1999. May. 30(5):263-266.


    • Kriss VM, Kriss TC. SCIWORA (spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality) in infants and children. Clin Pediatr Phila. 1996. Mar. 35(3):119-124.


    • Balague F, Troussier B, Salminen JJ. Non-specific low back pain in children and adolescents: risk factors. Eur Spine J. 1999. 8(6):429-438.


    • Rosenblum BR, Rothman AS. Low back pain in children. Mt Sinai J Med. 1991. Mar. 58(2):115-120.


    • Taimela S, Kujala UM, Salminen JJ, Viljanen T. The prevalence of low back pain among children and adolescents: a nationwide cohort-based questionaire survey in Finland. Spine. 1997. May. 22(10): 1132-1136.


    • Phelip X. Why the back of the child? Eur Spine J. 1999. 8(6):426-428.


    • Olsen TL, Anderson RL, Dearwater SR, Kriska AM, Cauley JA, Aaron DJ, LaPorte RE. The epidemiology of low back pain in an adolescent population. Am J Public Health. 1992. Apr. 82(4):606-608.


    • Balague F, Nordin M, Skovron ML, Dutoit G, Yee A, Waldburger M. Non-specific low back pain among school children: a field survey with analysis of some associated factors. J Spinal Disord. 1994. Oct. 7(5): 374-379.


    • Balague F, Skovron ML, Nordin M, Dutoit G, Pol LR, Waldburger M. Low back pain in schoolchildren: a study of familial and psychological factors. Spine. 1995. Jun. 20(11): 1265-1270.


    • Negrini S, Carabalona R, Sibilla P. Backpack as a daily laod for schoolchildren. Lancet. 1999. Dec. 354:9194, 9174.


    • Viry P, Creveuil C, Marcelli C. Non-specific pain in children: a search for associated factors in 14 year old schoolchildren. Rev Rhum Engl Ed. 1999. Jul. 66(7):381-388.


    • Salminen JJ, Erkintalo Tertti MO, Paajanen H. Magnetic resonance imaging findings of lumbar spine in the young: correlation with leisure time physical activity, spinal mobility, and trunk muscle strength in 15 year old pupils with or without low back pain. J Spinal Disord. 1993. Oct. 6(5):386-391.


Table: Further confusing features of "chiropractic subluxation"

[edit]

[1] Is believed to be present in all individuals regardless of health status, age, race, sex, or creed.

[2] May or may not have a measurable (whether questionable) overt or local neurological dysfunction or effect.

[3] May or may not have an anatomical component (misalignment)

[4] Is believed to be linked to past, present, and future health status including death.

[5] May or may not have a metaphysical component (Innate Intelligence)

[6] Imperative that correction be applied via adjustment (manipulative thrust) with or without cavitation (audible "click")

[7] Only a chiropractor and no one else can determine if "chiropractic subluxation" is present or absent.

[8] Only a chiropractor and no one else can assess if correction of "chiropractic subluxation" has occurred.

[9] Imperative that all people be "checked" for "chiropractic subluxation".

[10] Is believed to be created during birth process (gestational phase) and/or birth delivery and ended when death occurs.

[11] No two subluxations are the same or can be described in any consistent shape, form or fashion.

[12] Subluxation of any spinal area has yet to be systematically categorized, agreed upon, and consistent for any given condition or population for any disease or non-disease state.

[13] Persons may or may not have primary, secondary, or tertiary subluxations in any consistent shape, form, or fashion at any given time.

[14] Any "chiropractic" adjustive method is said to correct "subluxation" even those systems which are diametrically opposite to each other.

Citation reference

[edit]
  1. ^ Mirtz TA, Long P, Dinehart A. Slaughter RL, DuVall Jr., CE, Bryson R, Kourmadas F. Campo J. NACM and its argument with mainstream chiropractic health care. Journal of Controversial Medical Claims, 2002;9(1):11-25. (Article summary)