User:Yerevantsi/sandbox/Sovietization of Armenia
| Sovietization of Armenia | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 The 11th Red Army in Yerevan on December 4, 1920[1] | |||||||
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| Belligerents | |||||||
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 Republic of Mountainous Armenia (April–July 1921) |
 Armenian Bolsheviks Revkom Soviet Armenia (after December 2, 1920) | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
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Simon Vratsian (Prime Minister before Dec. 2, 1920) Dro (Defense Minister before Dec. 2, 1920) Garegin Nzhdeh (head of Mountainous Armenia) |
Vladimir Lenin Anatoli Gekker (11th Red Army commander) Sarkis Kasyan Aleksandr Myasnikyan | ||||||
The Sovietization of Armenia (Armenian: Հայաստանի խորհրդայնացումը, Hayastani xorhrdaynatsumə) began with the Red Army invasion in late November 1920 amid the Turkish–Armenian War. Armenia was declared a Soviet state on December 2, 1920, however, an anti-Soviet uprising was staged by the Dashnaks in spring of 1921. It was not until mid-July 1921 when Mountainous Armenia fell and full Soviet control was established over Eastern Armenia. Formally, Armenia became part of the Soviet Union in December 1922.
Background
[edit]The First Republic of Armenia was proclaimed on May 28, 1918 in Tiflis by the Armenian National Council. It declared the independence of the Armenian provinces of the Russian Empire. The October Revolution of 1917 saw the Bolsheviks coming to power in Russia, who by 1920 had consolidated power in that country. In April 1920 independent Azerbaijan was Sovietized. In May 1920 Armenian communists staged an unsuccessful coup d'état attempt.
Red Army invasion and fall of Dashnak government
[edit]- November 29: The 11th Red Army invasion of Armenia; Armenia proclaimed a Soviet state in the north-eastern city of Ijevan
- December 2: Dro-Legran agreement; Treaty of Alexandropol
- December 4: The 11th Red Army entered Yerevan
On December 2, 1920 Armenia's Defence Minister Drastamat Kanayan, better known as Dro and the Soviet representative Boris Legran signed an agreement in Yerevan:
On 2 December 1920 the Dashnak-led government resigned and Armenia was declared an ‘independent socialist republic’.On 4 December the Communist Military Revolutionary Committee of Armenia (heghkom [Revkom]) assumed power and on 6 December Red Army units entered Yerevan. [2]
February Uprising
[edit]- February 13: February Uprising began
- February 18: Yerevan captured by the anti-Soviet rebels
- March 17: Georgia sovietized
- April 2: Bolshevik forces retook Yerevan
Republic of Mountainous Armenia
[edit]- April 26: Republic of Mountainous Armenia proclaimed in Tatev
- July 13: Last Armenian rebels crossed over Araks River to Persia, full Soviet control established over Armenia
Formal Sovietization
[edit]Henceforth, in its policies and structures Armenia was further integrated into the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic (RSFSR), particularly in the second half of 1921. On 12 March 1922 it became part of the Federative Union of Soviet Socialist Republics of Transcaucasia. This in turn became a single federated republic on 13 December 1922. Two weeks later the Transcaucasian Federal Socialist Republic entered the USSR as one of its seven constituent republics when the latter was established on 30 December 1922.109 After a short break of two-and-a-half years Armenia was once again under the firm control of much larger imperial powers.[2]
- September 30 1921: Russian-Armenian treaty
- March 12 1922: Soviet Armenia joined Soviet Georgia and Soviet Azerbaijan to form the Transcaucasian Socialist Soviet Republic
- December 10 1922: Transcaucasian Socialist Soviet Republic renamed to Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic
On December 30, 1922, the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, the Russian SFSR, the Ukrainian SSR and the Byelorussian SSR signed the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR in Moscow, thus formally creating the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), better known as the Soviet Union.
Aftermath
[edit]The Transcaucasian SFSR was dissolved in 1936 with Armenia, Georgia and Azerbaijan themselves becoming members of the USSR. Armenia remained part of the Soviet Union until September 1991.
In culture
[edit]
- Films
- Zangezur (1938)
- Guys from the Army Band (1961)
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ de Waal, Thomas (2010). The Caucasus: An Introduction. Oxford University Press. p. 69. ISBN 9780199746200.
- ^ a b c Panossian 2006, p. 246.
Bibliography
[edit]- Walker, Christopher J. (1990). Armenia: The Survival of a Nation (revised second ed.). New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-0-312-04230-1.
- Marshall, Alex (2010). The Caucasus Under Soviet Rule. Hoboken: Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9780203847008.
- Panossian, Razmik (2006). The Armenians: From Kings and Priests to Merchants and Commissars. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231139267.