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This is a list of Landslides in Yorkshire. It covers land and mudslides to have occurred within the traditional county of Yorkshire. Landslides occur all over the world wherever there are hills or mountains,[1] and the landslides themselves can have several different origins, but in Yorkshire, they are not usually caused by tectonic activity. However, glacial activity, and natural processes have left the Yorkshire Dales with several scars within its valleys which were caused by landslides.[2] Most landslides in Yorkshire are the result of water, either by saturation, groundwater changes, ingress of water into a slope, or by activity undertaken by humans that causes the event.[3] Between the years 1981 and 2000, no-one died as a result of a landslide in Britain, but several have occurred during that time. However, a mudslide at Carlton in Cleveland in 2024 recorded the death of one person.[4][5]
A large portion of the landslides in Yorkshire have occurred at the coast, with Holderness having one of the fastest eroding coastlines in Europe (see Coastal erosion in Yorkshire). Other instances of landslides, such as at Kettleness, came about because of quarrying on the coast, and several landslides in Robin Hood's Bay led to a sea wall being constructed to protect the village. The landslide at Hatfield Colliery was due to waste from the colliery process when coal was washed. The high moisture content enabled the slurry to burst out of its confines and the landslide displaced the railway.
| Name | Date | Details | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|
| Carlton in Cleveland mudslide | May 2024 | A month's worth of rain fell on the area in 12 hours. A child was killed in the mudslide. | [4] |
| Crow Hill bog burst | |||
| Hatfield landslip | February 2013 | ||
| Holbeck Hall landslide | June 1993 | The gardens of the hotel overlooking the sea extended for 70 metres (230 ft) to the shoreline, but on the morning of 3 June 1993, 55 metres (180 ft) had slid down the slope and onto the beach. The hotel soon collapsed, and the whole premises were later demolished. The cause of the landslip was not down to the sea, but the porosity of the land underneath the hotel and the amount of rain in the preceding months (140 millimetres (5.5 in)). | [6] |
| Kettleness village landslide | 17 December 1829 | Due to the alum workings on the coast at Kettleness, the cliffs had become unstable because of the removal of the shales used in alum production. The whole village and alum works sipped into the sea, with all the local inhabitants taking shelter on a boat moored off the shore which had arrived to collect finished alum. | [7] |
| Robin Hood's Bay | Various occurrences | ||
| Whitby | 1787 | A landslide on the east cliff destroyed many of the houses on a road named Haggerlythe and a gun battery fell into the sea. Other landslides were recorded in 1870 and 1932. | [8][9] |
References
[edit]- ^ Partnerships for reducing landslide risk : assessment of the National Landslide Hazards Mitigation Strategy. Washington: National Academies Press. 2004. p. vii. ISBN 9780309529952.
- ^ Waltham, Tony (2007). The Yorkshire Dales: landscape and geology. Ramsbury: Crowood press. pp. 71, 97. ISBN 9781861269720.
- ^ Tiwari, Binod; Ajmera, Beena (2023). Sassa, Kyoji (ed.). "advancement in shear strength interpretation, testing and use for landslide analysis". Progress in Landslide Research and Technology. 2 (2): 3. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-44296-4.
- ^ a b "One person dies in North Yorkshire mudslide". BBC News. 22 May 2024. Retrieved 9 October 2024.
- ^ Tiwari, Binod; Ajmera, Beena (2023). Sassa, Kyoji (ed.). "advancement in shear strength interpretation, testing and use for landslide analysis". Progress in Landslide Research and Technology. 2 (2): 4. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-44296-4.
- ^ "Holbeck Hall, Scarborough". bgs.ac.uk. Retrieved 9 October 2024.
- ^ Mead, Harry (1994) [1978]. Inside the North York Moors. Otley: Smith Settle. pp. 54–55. ISBN 1-85825-028-5.
- ^ Yorkshire coast: Staithes to Bridlington. Clapham: Dalesman Books. 1982. p. 10. ISBN 0852066724.
- ^ Waters, Colin (2011). A history of Whitby & its place names. Stroud: Amberley. p. 60. ISBN 978-1-4456-0429-9.