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Hy guys i am karan. i am a student so, iam using wikipedia for research.I am from nepal.I am from nepali.I read in grade-x.

"This is our national flag"


This is a tutorial for using nepali wikipedia

Introduction to nepal: Nepal (Listeni/nɛˈpɔːl/ ne-PAWL[8] Nepali: नेपाल [neˈpal] ( listen)), officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal,[9] is a landlocked sovereign nation located in South Asia. With an area of 147,181 square kilometres (56,827 sq mi) and a population of approximately 27 million.[2] Nepal is the world's 93rd largest country by land mass[10] and the 41st most populous country. It is located in the Himalayas and bordered to the north by the People's Republic of China, and to the south, east, and west by the Republic of India. Specifically, the Indian states of Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, and Sikkim border Nepal, while across the Himalayas lies the Tibetan Autonomous Region. Nepal is separated from Bangladesh by the narrow Indian Siliguri Corridor. Kathmandu is the nation's capital and largest metropolis.

The mountainous north of Nepal has eight of the world's ten tallest mountains, including the highest point on Earth, Mount Everest, called Sagarmatha (सगरमाथा) in Nepali. It contains more than 240 peaks over 20,000 ft (6,096 m) above sea level.[11] The southern Terai region is fertile and humid. Lumbini, the birthplace of Lord Gautam Buddha, is located in this region. Lumbini is one of the holiest places of one of the world's great religions, and its remains contain important evidence about the nature of Buddhist pilgrimage centres from as early as the 3rd century BC.[12]

Hinduism is practiced by about 81.3% of Nepalis, making it the country with the highest percentage of Hindus. Buddhism is linked historically with Nepal and is practiced by 16%, Kirat 5.1%, Islam by 4.4%, Christianity 1.4%, and animism 0.4%.[2] A large section of the population, especially in hill region, even though they follow Hindu customs, may identify themselves as both Hindu as well as Buddhists which can be attributed to the syncretic nature of Hinduism and Buddhism in Nepal.[13]

A monarchy throughout most of its history, Nepal was ruled by the Shah dynasty of kings from 1768,[1] when Prithvi Narayan Shah unified its many small kingdoms, until 2008; a decade-long Civil War involving the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) (now known as the Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)) and several weeks of mass protests by all major political parties led to the 12-point agreement[14] of 22 November 2005. The ensuing elections for the constituent assembly on 28 May 2008 overwhelmingly favored the abolition of the monarchy and the establishment of a federal multiparty representative democratic republic.

In recent developments, the political parties of Nepal agreed on forming an interim government under the leadership of Chief Justice Khil Raj Regmi in order to hold Constituent Assembly elections by 19 November 2013 to end the political deadlock.[15][16] The second election for the constituent assembly was held successfully and Sushil Koirala was appointed the new prime minister.[17][18] In 2014, Nepal has ranked the 145th place on the Human Development Index (HDI) and despite several challenges, Nepal has been making steady progress and the Government of Nepal have made commitment to help the nation to graduate towards one of the more developed nations by 2022

A burrowing owl on the lookout.

Regarding invertebrates, the burrowing owl seems less of a generalist. It is extremely fond of termites such as Termitidae, and Orthoptera such as Conocephalinae and Copiphorinae katydids, Jerusalem crickets (Stenopelmatidae) and true crickets (Gryllidae). Bothynus and Dichotomius anaglypticus scarab beetles (Scarabaeidae) were eaten far more often than even closely related species by many burrowing owls across central São Paulo (Brazil). Similarly, it was noted that among scorpions Bothriuridae were much preferred, among spiders Lycosidae (wolf spiders), and among millipedes (Diplopoda) certain Diplocheta. Small ground beetles (Carabidae) are eaten in quantity, while larger ones are much less popular as burrowing owl food, perhaps due to the vigorous defense the large species can put up.[1] Burrowing owls are also known to place the fecal matter of large herbivorous mammals around the outside of their burrows to attract dung beetles which are used to provide a steady source of food for the owls.

Unlike other owls, they also eat fruits and seeds, especially the fruit of tasajillo (Cylindropuntia leptocaulis) and other prickly pear and cholla cacti. On Clarion Island, where mammalian prey is lacking, they feed essentially on crickets and prickly pear fruit, adding Clarión wrens (Troglodytes tanneri) and young mourning doves (Zenaida macroura clarionensis) on occasion.[2]

Reproduction

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A family of burrowing owls.

The nesting season begins in late March or April in North America. Burrowing owls usually only have one mate but occasionally a male will have two mates.[3] Pairs of owls will sometimes nest in loose colonies. Their typical breeding habitat is open grassland or prairie, but they can occasionally adapt to other open areas like airports, golf courses, and agricultural fields. Burrowing owls are slightly tolerant of human presence, often nesting near roads, farms, homes, and regularly maintained irrigation canals.

The owls nest in an underground burrow, hence the name burrowing owl. If burrows are unavailable and the soil is not hard or rocky, the owls may excavate their own. Burrowing owls will also nest in shallow, underground, man-made structures that have easy access to the surface.

During the nesting season, burrowing owls will collect a wide variety of materials to line their nest, some of which are left around the entrance to the burrow. The most common material is mammal dung, usually from cattle. At one time it was thought that the dung helped to mask the scent of the juvenile owls, but researchers now believe the dung helps to control the microclimate inside the burrow and to attract insects, which the owls may eat.[4]

The female will lay an egg every 1 or 2 days until she has completed a clutch, which can consist of 4–12 eggs (usually 9). She will then incubate the eggs for three to four weeks while the male brings her food. After the eggs hatch, both parents will feed the chicks. Four weeks after hatching, the chicks can make short flights and begin leaving the nest burrow. The parents will still help feed the chicks for 1 to 3 months. While most of the eggs will hatch, only 4–5 chicks usually survive to leave the nest.

Site fidelity rates appear to vary among populations. In some locations, owls will frequently reuse a nest several years in a row. Owls in migratory northern populations are less likely to return to the same burrow every year. Also, as with many other birds, the female owls are more likely to disperse to a different site than are male owls.[5] Videos of Falconidae



rught
speaking history of earth
L: Change the World
Directed byHideo Nakata
Written byTsugumi Ohba
Takeshi Obata
Hirotoshi Kobayashi
Produced bySeiji Okuda
Nobuhiro Iizuka
Takahiro Kobashi
Takahiro Sato
Tadashi Tanaka
StarringKenichi Matsuyama
CinematographyTokusho Kikumura
Distributed byWarner Bros.
Release date
  • 9 February 2008 (2008-02-09) (Japan)
Running time
129 minutes
CountryJapan
LanguageJapanese
Box officeUS$35,227,275[6]


L: Change the World Plagiarism

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L: Change the World, is a 2008 Japanese film that is a spin-off to the Death Note film series.[7] Although the film is inspired by the manga Death Note that was written by Tsugumi Ohba and illustrated by Takeshi Obata, it follows an original storyline. It is set at the end of Death Note II: The Last Name.

The film is directed by Hideo Nakata, and it stars actor Kenichi Matsuyama as the character "L".[8] Furthermore, child actor Narushi Fukuda stars as Near, while child actress Mayuko Fukuda plays the role of Maki Nikaido, a character who does not appear in the original manga.[8]

The film was first released in Hong Kong on February 7, 2008. It was subsequently released in the Japanese box office on 9 February 2008.[7] Additionally, two different versions of the film were shown in the United States on 29 and 30 April 2009 respectively.

Plot

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In the final 23 days of L's life, he meets one final case involving a bioterrorist group that aims to wipe out much of humanity with a virus. The virus has an infection rate that is one hundred times the infection rate of the Ebola virus. He takes a boy he names Near, the sole survivor of its use in a village in Thailand, and an elementary school student named Maki Nikaido under his wing.

Dr. Nikaido later receives a sample of the deadly virus which destroyed that village in Thailand. His assistant, Dr. Kimiko Kujo, reveals herself to be the leader of the organization that created the virus. Dr. Nikaido, who has created an antidote to that virus, refuses to give it her. He destroys the antidote and injects himself with the virus. She later kills him, and she is convinced that his daughter Maki has the antidote formula.

Under the pursuit of Dr. Kimiko Kujo and her assistants, Maki runs and escapes. She eventually finds L's headquarters. However, the group manages to track Maki down, forcing L, accompanied by Maki and Near, to run away with a high-tech crepe truck. They also received the help of FBI agent Hideaki Suruga during the escape.

They escape to Nikaido's research partner's lab, because they needed his help to recreate the antidote. Using Near, L manages to acquire the antidote just as the terrorists are about to take an infected Maki to the US to spread the virus. L stops the plane and gives all the infected passengers, including the terrorists (those that survived), the antidote. Maki then tries to kill Kujo for revenge, but L stops her, telling her that killing Kujo would not bring back her father. Kujo and the terrorists are then arrested, while Maki goes to the hospital and wakes up, fully cured, with her stuffed bear next to her and a recording from L telling her to have a good day tomorrow. The film concludes with L leaving Near and giving him Near's "real name".

After the end credits, L is seen back in his room eating a chocolate bar and then leaves momentarily, possibly leading to the events where he dies in Death Note: The Last Name. The film ends with the words "L Lawliet, Rest in Peace" on a black screen.

Cast

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Production

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A spin-off of the film series Death Note was revealed on 29 May 2007.[10] It was announced that the shooting of this film took place in the summer of 2007.[10] A trailer was also posted to the film's official website.[10]

Director Hideo Nakata told The Daily Yomiuri that he wanted to reveal L's "human side," which had not been explored in the Death Note series.[11]

Release

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L: Change the World was first released in the Japanese box office on 9 February 2008.[12] It was screened on 398 cinema screens throughout Japan on its opening day.[13] On the same day, this film was also released in Taiwan, Korea, Hong Kong and Thailand.[12][14] It was subsequently released in Singapore on February 21, 2008, and in the United Kingdom on December 29, 2008.

L: Change the World had a limited two-day screening in the United States.[15] Two versions, a subtitled version with Japanese audio and an English-dubbed version, were shown on 29 and 30 April 2009 respectively.[15] The latter version had the same voice actors doing the voice-over as the other English-dubbed versions of Death Note.[15] This film was released in the US by publisher Viz Media.[15]

The film was released on DVD in the US on August 18, 2009.

Reception

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Box Office

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L: Change the World is the highest-grossing film at the Japanese box office during its debut weekend.[13] It grossed a total of 846 million yen and had 677,000 admissions during the first three days.[13] It also set the record for the highest grossing and most watched film over a two-day period.[13] As of 5 March 2008, a total of 2,200,000 people went to watch the film, and the film grossed a total of around 2.5 billion yen.[16]

L: Change the World is the 10th highest grossing film of 2008 in Japan.[17] According to the Motion Picture Producers Association of Japan, this film earned a total of 3.1 billion yen in the Japanese box office for the year of 2008.[17]

Critical reception

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Rodney Perkins from Twitch filmed criticized the film, saying that "it was somewhat difficult to see the appeal of L: Change the World to anyone beyond young people, and hardcore fans of the original films and the manga upon which it is based.".[18] He also added that L's "idiosyncrasies seem more distracting then anything else", although he concedes that "they are completely true to the character".[18] The reviewer ended by questioning "whether this enthusiasm [of the viewers] arises from the film itself, as opposed to its relationship to the broader Death Note phenomenon.".[18]

The reviewer for Love HK Films, Kozo, describes L: Change the World as a "fan service for fans", and added that the film "is neither groundbreaking nor noteworthy".[19] He said that although "Rabid fans of the blockbuster manga adaptations will probably find this to be a suitable reward for their unabated fandom", the "uninitiated may need to take a crash course in Death Note lore".[19] However, he did praise this film for developing L's character.[19]

Merchandise

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Novel

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On 9 November 2007, it was announced that the film L: Change the World will be adapted into a light novel with the same name.[20] The writer of this novel was not revealed, though it was credited to "M", which implies that it was written by Mello, one of L's successors.[20] Although the storyline of the novel is based on the film, additional scenes not present in the film are included in the novel.[20] For example, the novel reveals more information about L and his past, Near is the successor-in-training he is in the manga rather than a Thai orphan, and L's final appearance is significantly different.

This novel was first published in Japan by Shūeisha, and it was released on 25 December 2007.[21] Publisher Viz Media translated this novel into English, and it released the novel within North America on October 20, 2009.[22] This light novel became the second-bestselling book in Japan for the year 2008, selling a total of 121,046 copies.[23] It was second only to the light novel that was based on the manga Gintama, which sold 157,754 copies.[23]

Photo book

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Actor Kenichi Matsuyama released a photo book of himself using the identity of "L".[24] The photo book was released at the same time as the release of this film.[24] The photos in this book was photographed by Mika Ninagawa, who reportedly came up with the idea of releasing a photo book.[24] The photos were taken during the period from August to September 2007, and they were taken at locations like Shibuya Center Gai and Hanayashiki Amusement Park in Asakusa district.[24]

References

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  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference mottajunior2006 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference Brattstrom was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ Cite error: The named reference lewis2005 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ Cite error: The named reference Levey was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference Lutz was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ "Box Office Mojo". IMDb.com, Inc. 2008-11-05. Retrieved 2011-11-23.
  7. ^ a b "L change the WorLd on eiga.com". eiga.com (in Japanese). Retrieved 2011-11-23.
  8. ^ a b "L change the WorLd on allcinema". Stingray (in Japanese). Retrieved 2011-11-23.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "News" (Japanese). L: Change the WorLd.
  10. ^ a b c "Death Note Spinoff, Appleseed Sequel Websites Launch". Anime News Network. 2007-05-29. Retrieved 2011-11-24.
  11. ^ Kan, Saori (2008-03-23). "23 days to live". The Star. Retrieved 2011-11-24.
  12. ^ a b "「デスノート」スピンオフ、松山ケンイチ主演の「L」がクランクアップ！" (in Japanese). eiga.com. 2007-11-01. Retrieved 2011-11-24.
  13. ^ a b c d ""L change the WorLd" starts strong". Tokyograph, Sankei Sports. 2008-02-12. Retrieved 2011-11-25. Translated from original article by Sankei Sports
  14. ^ "Death Note Film Spinoff for Matsuda to Air in Japan". Anime News Network. 2007-12-24. Retrieved 2011-11-24.
  15. ^ a b c d "Death Note: L, Change the World Gets a Two-Night Theatrical Run". Dread Central. 2011-03-06. Retrieved 2011-11-24.
  16. ^ "松山ケンイチ感激！「L」観客動員数200万人突破を達成" (in Japanese). 2008-03-05. Archived from the original on 2008-03-09. Retrieved 2008-03-05.
  17. ^ a b "Motion Picture Producers Association of Japan Report for Year 2008". Motion Picture Producers Association of Japan, Inc. (in Japanese). Retrieved 2011-11-24.
  18. ^ a b c "AFFD Review: L: CHANGE THE WORLD". Twitch Film. 2008-08-17. Retrieved 2011-11-25.
  19. ^ a b c "L: Change the World review". Love HK Film. 2008. Retrieved 2011-11-25.
  20. ^ a b c "『デスノート』L主役のスピンアウト、小説版は著名作家がM名義で書き下ろし" (in Japanese). Oricon, Inc. 2007-11-13. Retrieved 2011-11-25.
  21. ^ "L change the world" (in Japanese). Shūeisha. Retrieved September 4, 2009.
  22. ^ "L change the world". Amazon.com. Retrieved October 31, 2009.
  23. ^ a b "2008's Top-Selling Light Novels in Japan (Updated)". Anime News Network. 2009-01-04. Retrieved 2011-11-24.
  24. ^ a b c d "Kenichi Matsuyama to release photobook as L". Tokyograph. 2007-10-23. Retrieved 2011-11-25. Translated from the original article by Sponichi Annex
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