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User:Iune/List of Retired Australian cyclone names

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This is a list of all South Pacific Tropical cyclones that have had their names retired. Tropical cyclone names are retired by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) in a bi-annual meeting. Those cyclones that have their names retired tend to be exceptionally destructive storms that often become household names in the regions they affected. Storm names are retired following a request made at the WMO meeting by one or more of the countries affected by a cyclone. tropical cyclone names have been retired since the start oftropical cyclone naming in the southern Pacific Ocean.

General information

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Since 1970,

Northern Region (Darwin TCWC)

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  • Fay
  • Jason
  • Olivia
  • Rachel
  • Sandy
  • Sid
  • Thelma
  • Tracy
  • Vance

Port Moresby’s Area of responsibility

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  • Adel
  • Agi
  • Aivu
  • Epi
  • Manu
  • Upia
  • Guba

Lists of retired names

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Listed by intensity

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Cyclone Orson near its peak intensity
Saffir–Simpson scale
TD TS C1 C2 C3 C4 C5

This lists all retired Cyclones by their peak intensity, which is determined by measurements of the minimum central pressure. While the intensity of tropical cyclones is measured solely by central pressure, wind speeds are also estimated; the Australian Tropical cyclone intensity scale is used in the Southern Pacific basin to rank cyclones according to their strongest wind gust which are measured over 3-seconds.


Western Region (Perth TCWC)

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Name Season Max. 10-min. average sustained wind Min. central pressure
Knots Km/h Mph Mbar (hPa)
Herbie 1987–88 35 40 990
Graham 2002-03 40 45 990
Daphne 1981–82 50 60 986
Durga 2007–08 50 60 984
Pedro 1989–90 60 70 982
Lena 1983-83 55 65 980
Tina 1989–90 50 60 974
Jason 1986-87 60 70 970
Gertie 1995–96 60 70 965
Rachel 1995–96 70 80 965
Ilona 1988–89 75 85 960
Naomi 1993–94 60 70 960
Quenton 1983–84 60 70 955
Chloe 1983–84 80 90 955
Sandy 1984-85 100 115 953
Frank 1984-85 80 90 952
Connie 1986–87 60 70 950
Lindsay 1984–85 80 90 950
Tracy 1974–75 100 115 950
Jane 1982–83 75 85 947
Pearl 1993–94 85 100 945
Elaine 1998–99 90 105 945
Margot 1984–85 85 100 942
Elsie 1986–87 80 90 941
Ned 1988–89 90 105 941
Rhonda 1997–98 90 105 940
Kirsty 1995–96 90 105 935
Sam 2000–01 95 110 935
Monty 2003–04 100 115 934
Alby 1977–78 110 125 930
Ian 1991–92 105 120 930
Bobby 1994–95 100 115 930
Sharon 1993–94 90 105 930
Rosita 1999–00 100 115 930
Thelma 1998–99 120 140 920
Annette 1994–95 100 115 925
Olivia 1995-96 105 120 925
Trixie 1974–75 115 135 925
Chris 2001-02 110 125 916
Fay 2003-04 110 125 916
Joan 1975–76 115 135 915
John 1999–00 115 135 915
Vance 1998–99 110 125 910
Orson 1988–89 130 150 905
Gwenda 1998–99 110 125 900
Inigo 2002-03 130 900

Listed by total damages

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Damage in Hawaii from Hurricane Iniki

This lists all retired Pacific hurricanes by their total damages (in 2008 USD). Hurricane names are generally retired for one of two reasons, either because they were particularly damaging or particularly deadly. Some data may be incomplete and account for damages in only one location while the storm affected several. Calculation of modern-day damage amounts is done using the Consumer Price Index.[1]

Name Season Damages (at the time) Damages (2008 USD)
Pauline 1997 $7.5 billion[2] $10.1 billion
Iniki 1992 $1.8 billion[3] $2.8 billion
Paka 1997 $584 million[4] $784 million
Iwa 1982 $308 million[5] $688 million
Kenna 2002 $101 million [6][7] $121 million
Ioke 2006 $88 million[8] $94 million
Alma 2008 $35 million[9] $35 million
Ismael 1995 $26 million[10] $37 million
Fico 1978 $200,000[11] $660,000
Fefa 1991 Unknown Unknown

Listed by death toll

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Hurricane Pauline near peak intensity

This lists retired Pacific hurricanes by the number of deaths they caused. Hurricane names are generally retired for one of two reasons, either because they were particularly damaging or particularly deadly. While many damaging storms caused little loss of life, most deadly storms also caused heavy damage. Most storms cause fatalities not by their high winds but rather through flooding - either storm surge or inland flooding due to rainfall. Storm surge has the highest potential for deaths; with modern forecasting, warning, and evacuation storm surge deaths can be almost eliminated, but the potential is still very high for catastrophe in places where warning systems are not in place or if warnings are ignored. Inland flooding, by contrast, is unpredictable because it depends heavily on a hurricane's interaction with the terrain and with other nearby weather systems.

There have been several deadlier hurricanes than the following that were not retired. Hurricane Tara killed at least 500 people in southern Mexicoin 1961,[12], Hurricane Liza caused at least 425 deaths along the Baja California Peninsula in 1976.[13], and Hurricane Paul killed over 1,000 people in Central America.

Name Season Direct deaths Primary location
Pauline 1997 230 - 400 Oaxaca, Guerrero
Ismael 1995 116 Sonora, Sinaloa
Iniki 1992 6 Hawaii
Kenna 2002 4 Nayarit
Alma 2008 4 Nicaragua
Iwa 1982 1 Hawaii
Fico 1978 0 N/A
Fefa 1991 0 N/A
Paka 1997 0 N/A
Ioke 2006 0 N/A

Landfalls

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Hurricane Ismael near its landfall on Mexico

Landfall of a tropical cyclone is defined as the moving of the center of the eye over land. Damages from a tropical cyclone are usually greatest where it makes landfall. In the below list, the retired hurricanes are listed in chronological order with their landfall locations listed under columns designating their strength on theSaffir-Simpson Scale at the time of landfall. Within a cell, landfalls are listed in chronological order. Four retired hurricanes, Hurricanes Fico, Iwa, Fefa, and Ioke never made landfall anywhere at any intensity. They are omitted from this list. The centre of Paka passed slightly to the north of Guam as a Category 4-equivalent storm, however this is not included as a landfall.

Name Season Landfall
Category 5 Category 4 Category 3 Category 2 Category 1 Tropical depression
Iniki 1992 Hawaii[14]
Ismael 1995 Sinaloa, Mexico[15]
Pauline 1997 Oaxaca, Mexico[16]
Kenna 2002 Nayarit, Mexico[6]
Alma 2008 León, Nicaragua[9]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis (2006). "What is a dollar worth?". Retrieved 2006-12-09.
  2. ^ Centro Nacional para la Prevención de Desastres (1999). "Estadisticas Sobre Los Riegos a Atenuar de Fenomenos Perturbadores" (in Spanish). Retrieved 2006-12-09.
  3. ^ National Hurricane Center (2004). "Costliest U.S. Hurricanes 1900-2004 (unadjusted)". Retrieved 2006-12-09.
  4. ^ National Climatic Data Center (1997). "Event Report for Guam". Retrieved 2007-07-21.
  5. ^ United States Geological Survey (2005). "Summary of Significant Floods, 1982". Retrieved 2006-12-09.
  6. ^ a b James L. Franklin (2002). "Hurricane Kenna Tropical Cyclone Report". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2006-12-09.
  7. ^ Guy Carpenter (2003). "2002 Tropical Cyclone Review" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-01-01.
  8. ^ Advisory Council for Historic Preservation (2007). "Spring 2007 Case Digest - Protecting Historic Properties" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-10-15.
  9. ^ a b Brown (2008). "Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Alma" (PDF). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2009-04-22.
  10. ^ Centro Nacional de Prevención de Desastres (2006). "Impacto Socioeconómico de los Ciclones Tropicales 2005" (PDF) (in Spanish). Retrieved 2006-11-09.
  11. ^ The State of Hawaii Data Book (2000). "Geography and Environment of Hawaii" (PDF). Retrieved 2006-12-10.
  12. ^ Tony Burton (2001). "Mexico in November - A Historical Review". Mexico Connect. Retrieved 2006-12-08.
  13. ^ Emil B. Gunther (1977). "Eastern North Pacific Tropical Cyclones of 1976" (PDF). Eastern Pacific Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2006-12-08.
  14. ^ Central Pacific Hurricane Center (1992). "1992 Central Pacific Tropical Cyclone Season". Retrieved 2006-12-09.
  15. ^ Max Mayfield (1995). "Hurricane Ismael Tropical Cyclone Report". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2006-12-09.
  16. ^ Miles B. Lawrence (1997). "Hurricane Pauline Tropical Cyclone Report". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2006-12-09.
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