User:Benjah-bmm27/degree/2/DES2

Atmospheric chemistry, DES

"Chemistry of the Atmosphere"

• Earth's atmosphere
• Atmospheric chemistry
• Instrumental temperature record
• Ozone Depletion FAQ Part II: Stratospheric Chlorine and Bromine

Ozone

• Ozone-oxygen cycle (Chapman mechanism):

O₂ + hν → 2O

O + O₂ + M → O₃ + M

O₃ + hν → O₂ + O (highly exothermic)

O + O₃ → 2O₂

• Ozone layer
• Ozone depletion
  • The Ozone Hole
  • NASA's Ozone Hole Watch
  • British Antarctic Survey's Ozone
• Dobson unit
• Photochemical smog
• Tropospheric ozone depletion events
• Polar vortex, Polar night
• Polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs)
  • Chlorine is reactivated on PSCs: J. Phys. Chem. (1995) 99, 6258–6262
• Ozone depletion potential (O₃ is ozone, CFCl₃ is trichlorofluoromethane):

${\text{ODP(X)}}={\frac {{\text{amount of O}}_{\text{3}}{\text{ destroyed by unit mass of X}}}{{\text{amount of O}}_{\text{3}}{\text{ destroyed by unit mass of CFCl}}_{\text{3}}}}$

• Hydroxyl radical, HO₂ radical:
• Oxidation of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide by ozone, catalysed by the OH radical, normally keeps tropospheric ozone very low:

CO + OH → CO₂ + H

H + O₂ + M → HO₂ + M

HO₂ + O₃ → OH + 2O₂

CO + O₃ → CO₂ + O₂ (net)

• Chlorine nitrate, ClONO₂
• Volatile organic compounds
• Atmospheric methane
• Montreal Protocol

Global warming

• Greenhouse effect
• Global warming
• Climate change
• News reports:
  • Earth warming faster than thought, BBC News Online, 12 March 2009