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Attacks on military personnel
- One of the counter-Pinochet government organizations was named MIR, Movimiento de Izquierda Revolucionaria, and it conducted several operations against the Pinochet government until the late 1980s. MIR assassinated the head of the Army Intelligence school, Lieutenant Roger Vergara, with machine gun fire in the late 1970s. The MIR also executed an attack on the base of the Chilean Secret Police (Centro Nacional de Informacion), as well as several attempts on the lives of carabinero officials and a judge of the Supreme Court in Chile. (1) Throughout the beginning years of the dictatorship the MIR was low-profile, but in August of 1981 the MIR successfully killed the military leader of Santiago, General Carol Urzua Ibanez.(7) Attacks on Chilean military official increased in the early 1980s, with the MIR killing several security forces personnel on a variety of occasions through extensive use of planted bombs in police stations or machine gun use (7).
Fake Combats
- (adding) A particular fake combat event, lasting from September 8th to 9th 1983, occurred when forces of the CNI lobbed grenades into a house, detonating the structure and killing the two men and a woman who were in the building. The agents would later state, with help from the Chilean press, that the people in the house had fired on them previously from their c= and had escaped to the house. The official story became that the three suspects had caused the explosion themselves by trying to burn and destroy incriminating evidence. Such actions had the effect of justifying the existence of heavily armed forces in Chile. And by extension, justified the dictatorship's conduct against such violent offenders. (2)
Civilian Collaborators
-(adding) In Chile, it has been very hard for the outside world to fully understand the role that everyday civilians played in keeping Pinochet's government afloat. Partly because there has been scant research into the topic, partly because those who did help the regime from 1973 to 1990 have been unwilling to explore their own part. One of the exemptions being an Univision interview with Osvaldo Romo Mena, a civilian torturer in 1995, recounting his actions. Osvaldo Mean died while incarcerated for the murder of three political opponents. For the most part, civilian corroborators with Pinochet have not broken the code of silence held by the military of the 1970s to 1990s. (3)
Pinochet-Leigh Conflict
-(adding) "...president of chile." Leigh's primary concern was Pinochet's consolidating of the legislative and executive branches of government under the new government. In particular, Pinochet's decision to intact a plebiscite without formally alerting the other junta members. (5) Leigh, although a fervent supporter of the regime and hater of marxist ideology, had already taken steps to separate the executive and legislative branches. Pinochet is said to have been angered by Leigh's continued founding of a structure to divide the executive and legislative branches, eventually leading to Pinochet consolidating power and Leigh being dumped from the regime.(4) Leigh tried to fight his dismissal from the military nd government junta but on July 24, 1978 his office was blocked by paratroopers. In accordance with legal rights established but he junta government, its members could not be dismissed without evidence of impairment. So the Pinochet and junta members had Leigh declared unfit. (5)
Constitution of 1980
-(adding) Critics of the 1980 Constitution argue that the constitution was created not to build a democracy, but to consolidate power within the central government while limiting the amount of sovereignty allowed to the people with little political presence. (6)
Annotated Bibliography
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_dictatorship_of_Chile_(1973–90)
(1) Collier, Simon, and William F Sater. 1996. A History of Chile, 1808-1994. Cambridge Latin American Studies, 82. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2) http://www.archivochile.com/Derechos_humanos/janefuenove/ddhhjanefuov0001.pdf
3) http://www.raco.cat/index.php/rubrica/article/viewFile/310678/400693
(4) Barros, Robert. La Junta militar: Pinochet y la Constitución de 1980. Sudamericana, 2005.
(5)Ensalaco, Mark. 2000. Chile Under Pinochet : Recovering the Truth. Pennsylvania Studies in Human Rights. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
(7) Anderson, Sean, and Stephen Sloan. 2009. Historical Dictionary of Terrorism. 3Rd ed. Historical Dictionaries of War, Revolution, and Civil Unrest, 38. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press.