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Ulchi-Freedom Guardian

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Ulchi-Freedom Guardian[1] (을지 프리덤 가디언, Eulji peurideom gadieon) is the name (as of 2015) of the military exercise previously known as Ulchi-Focus Lens,[2] a combined military exercise between South Korea and the United States. The exercise is the world's largest computerized command and control implementation, involving 50,000 South Korean troops alongside 17,500 U.S. troops in 2017,[3] and mainly focuses on defending South Korea from a North Korean attack. The exercise was initiated in 1976 and is conducted annually during August or September. The word 'Ulchi' comes from the name of a famous Korean general called Eulji Mundeok, who was the Commander-In-Chief of the army of Goguryeo.

History

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The origin of the exercise is Taeguk Yeonseup (태극연습, Taeguk Exercise), which began after the Blue House Raid by North Korean special forces in 1968. The title of the exercise was changed to Ulchi Yeonseup (을지연습, Ulchi Exercise) in the following year. In 1976, it was integrated with ROK-US Combined Forces Command's military training, Focus Lens, into Ulchi-Focus Lens.[2] The name of the exercise was changed again in 2008 to Ulchi-Freedom Guardian.[1][4]

The exercise has on occasion included contingents from Australia, Britain, Canada, Colombia, Denmark, the Netherlands and New Zealand.[5]

In 2022, thousands of protesters demonstrated against the drills in South Korea.[6][7][8]

Reaction of North Korea

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North Korea routinely denounces the exercise as preparation for war.[9]

On 20 August 2012, the exercise began between South Korea and the United States over the objections of North Korea. North Korea alleged that the drill was a precursor to a war planned against them.[10] The North Korean foreign ministry stated that "the prevailing situation requires us to bolster up the war deterrent physically and goes to prove that it was entirely just when we determined to fully reexamine the nuclear issue."[11] The United States Department of State countered, saying that North Korea must refrain from "bellicose statements."[10] General James D. Thurman, added on, stating that Ulchi Freedom Guardian is "a key exercise in strengthening the readiness of Republic of Korea and U.S. forces."[11]

The 2017 exercise took place August 21–31,[12] during a crisis over successful North Korean missile tests and strong rhetoric by U.S. President Trump.[13] The U.S. manpower contribution for the exercise was reduced from 25,000 in 2016 to 17,500.[3][5] South Korean media reported that the U.S. had cancelled plans to deploy strategic assets in the exercise, such as aircraft carriers, nuclear-powered submarines or a B1 bomber.[14] U.S. Forces Korea did not comment on the reason.[3][5]

In 2018, the South Korean government cancelled that year's exercise.[15] However, joint US-South Korean military exercises resumed again on November 5, 2018, though on a small scale compared to previous exercises.[16][17][18][19] A buffer zone had been established across the Korean Demilitarized Zone on November 1, 2018 to prohibit both Koreas from conducting live-fire artillery drills and regiment-level field maneuvering exercises or those by bigger units within 5 kilometers of the Military Demarcation Line (MDL).[20][21] No fly zones was also established along the DMZ to ban the operation of drones, helicopters and other aircraft from coming within 10 to 40 km away from the MDL.[20][21]

In August 2019, a similar but scaled down exercise under an undisclosed name was carried out, mainly using computer simulations. The main scenario was South Korea taking over from the U.S. 90 days after the outbreak of a war to carry out stabilization operations after North Korea has been neutralised.[22] For the first time a South Korean General led the exercise.[23] North Korea complained that the exercise violated U.S. President Donald Trump's promise to halt major war games.[24]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c Pike, John (2018-06-20). "Ulchi-Freedom Guardian". GlobalSecurity.org. Archived from the original on 2017-12-22.
  2. ^ a b c Pike, John (2018-08-17). "Ulchi-Focus Lens". GlobalSecurity.org. Archived from the original on 2017-08-19.
  3. ^ a b c "Moon reaffirms commitment to military reform, reinforcement". Yonhap News Agency. Retrieved 20 August 2017.
  4. ^ http://ulchi.mopas.go.kr/sub_main/page03/page.asp?div=3 [dead link]
  5. ^ a b c "South Korea and US launch Ulchi Freedom Guardian drills". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 22 August 2017.
  6. ^ "North Korea threatens nukes, calls US, South Korea drills invasion practice". 22 August 2016.
  7. ^ "Restart of large-scale military drills reinvigorates anti-war protesters in South Korea".
  8. ^ "U.S., South Korea to begin expanded military drills next week". The Hindu. 16 August 2022.
  9. ^ Rowland, Ashley (28 August 2015). "Ulchi Freedom Guardian exercise ends after dramatic 2 weeks". Stars and Stripes. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  10. ^ a b "SKorea-US war drills begin amid North's protest". Seattle Times. Associated Press. 20 August 2012. Retrieved 21 August 2012.
  11. ^ a b "S. Korea, US in major annual military drill". Agence France-Presse. Yahoo!. 20 August 2012. Retrieved 21 August 2012.
  12. ^ Gady, Franz-Stefan (29 August 2017). "Russia Flies Nuclear-Capable Bombers Near North Korea". The Diplomat. Retrieved 4 September 2017.
  13. ^ Holmes, Oliver (11 August 2017). "US and South Korea to stage huge military exercise despite North Korea crisis". The Guardian. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  14. ^ Shim, Elizabeth (18 August 2017). "U.S. scales back deployment to Korea for drills". United Press International. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
  15. ^ "S. Korea decides to suspend this year's Ulchi exercise". 9 July 2018. Retrieved 9 July 2018.
  16. ^ "U.S., South Korea marines hold small-scale exercise ahead of North Korea talks". Reuters. 2018-11-05.
  17. ^ "US, South Korea hold small-scale drills before N Korea talks | News | al Jazeera".
  18. ^ "US, South Korea marines hold small-scale exercise ahead of North Korea talks - Channel NewsAsia". www.channelnewsasia.com. Archived from the original on 2018-11-05.
  19. ^ "U.S. And South Korea Hold First Military Drills Since June".
  20. ^ a b "Yonhap News Agency".
  21. ^ a b "Two Koreas end military drills, begin operation of no-fly zone near MDL: MND | NK News". November 2018.
  22. ^ Seung-sik, Yang (9 August 2019). "S.Korea, U.S. to Practice Stabilizing N.Korea". The Chosun Ilbo. Retrieved 15 August 2019.
  23. ^ Seung-sik, Yang (29 May 2019). "Korean General to Lead Joint Drill with U.S. for 1st Time". The Chosun Ilbo. Retrieved 15 August 2019.
  24. ^ Yu Yong-weon; O Youn-hee (18 July 2019). "S.Korea-U.S. Drill to Be Staged as Scheduled". The Chosun Ilbo. Retrieved 15 August 2019.
  25. ^ John Pike (2018-06-20). "Ulchi-Freedom Guardian". GlobalSecurity.org. Archived from the original on 2017-12-22. Retrieved 2018-08-13.
  26. ^ Copp, Tara (2018-06-18). "South Korea, US cancel Ulchi Freedom Guardian exercise for 2018". Archived from the original on 2018-07-29. Retrieved 2018-08-13.
  27. ^ John Pike (2018-03-24). "Foal Eagle". GlobalSecurity.org. Archived from the original on 2017-11-07. Retrieved 2018-08-13.
  28. ^ John Pike (2018-05-29). "Max Thunder". GlobalSecurity.org. Archived from the original on 2017-05-28. Retrieved 2018-08-13.
  29. ^ Taylor Curry (2015-04-26). "Kunsan takes flight at Max Thunder 15-1". Kusan Air Base. Retrieved 2018-08-13.
  30. ^ Anagha Unnikrishnan (2016-04-18). "US and South Korean forces begin Exercise Max Thunder 16". Airforce-Technology.com. Verdict Media Limited. Retrieved 2018-08-13.
  31. ^ "U.S. and ROK units prepare for Exercise MAX THUNDER 17". Kusan Air Base. 2017-04-14. Retrieved 2018-08-13.
  32. ^ ""Max Thunder": Das Militärmanöver, das Nordkorea erzürnt". Die Presse.com. Styria Media Group AG. 2018-05-16. Retrieved 2018-08-13.
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