Ukrainian presidential elections
 |
|---|
 Ukraine portal |
Ukrainian presidential elections determine who will serve as the President of Ukraine for the next five years.[1]
Since the establishment of the position of the President of Ukraine in 1991, presidential elections have taken place seven times: in 1991, 1994, 1999, 2004, 2010, 2014 and 2019. The next election would have been scheduled for 2024; however, it was not held because of the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine ongoing since 24 February 2022 and the resulting imposition of martial law in Ukraine, under which elections legally cannot be held.[2][3][4][5]
Procedure
[edit]The presidential election rules are defined by the Constitution of Ukraine and the Electoral Code of Ukraine.[6]
Eligibility requirements
[edit]A candidate for the President's office must:
- be a citizen of Ukraine;
- be at least 35 years of age on the election day;
- have the right to vote;
- speak the official language (Ukrainian);
- have lived in Ukraine for the last ten years prior to election day.[1][7]
The same person cannot be elected President more than twice in a row.[1]
Nomination process
[edit]A candidate can be nominated by a political party or be self-nominated.[8]
Campaigning
[edit]A presidential candidate may start his or her election campaign the next day after he or she is registered by the Central Election Commission.[9]
The presidential election campaign ends at 24:00 of the last Friday before the election day.[9]
Popular vote
[edit]Regular presidential elections are held on the last Sunday of March[10] (formerly in October) of the fifth and last year of the incumbent President's term of office. If a president's term in office ends prematurely, the election of a new president must take place within ninety days of the president's office falling vacant.[11][12]
The president is elected by direct popular vote in a two-round majoritarian contest.[13] If no candidate receives a simple majority (over 50%) of votes in the first round, the two candidates with the most votes advance to a run-off,[14] which is called for the third Sunday after the first round;[15] the candidate who receives more votes in the run-off is then elected president.[16]
If one of the two remaining candidates drops out at least 12 days before the run-off, the next-best candidate from the first round will advance into the second round instead.[17] If there is only one candidate left in the second round (e.g. if a candidate withdraws less than 12 days before the second round, or if there are no other candidates who can replace a candidate who has withdrawn),[18] the remaining candidate must win over 50% of the second-round vote to be elected president, or the election will be declared void.[19]
Voters must be Ukrainian citizens and at least 18 years old on the election day.[20]
There are no requirements for a minimum voter turnout.[21]
Until the 2010 election, Ukrainian voters had the option to vote "against all candidates"; however, this option was removed[22] in 2011 after changes to electoral legislation.[23]
Results
[edit]Where available, this table shows percentages as reported by the Central Election Commission of Ukraine; these may differ from percentages calculated based on the valid vote only.
| First round | Second round | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | Winner | Runner-up | No. of other candidates | Winner | Runner-up | Notes |
| 1991 | 4[24]
|
-
|
-
|
Kravchuk won absolute majority in first round; no second round needed | ||
| 1994 | 5[25]
|
|||||
| 1999 | 11[26]
|
As of 2024[update], the only successful re-election bid by an incumbent President of Ukraine | ||||
| 2004 | 22[28]
|
After election fraud leading to Orange Revolution, second round invalidated by Supreme Court of Ukraine and re-run; table shows re-run results | ||||
| 2010 | 16[30]
|
|||||
| 2014 | 19[32]
|
-
|
-
|
Election originally scheduled for 2015, but brought forward after Revolution of Dignity; Poroshenko succeeded acting President Oleksandr Turchynov. Poroshenko won absolute majority in first round; no second round needed | ||
| 2019 | 37[33]
|
Largest-ever margin as of 2024[update] | ||||
Voter turnout
[edit]The highest voter turnout–84 percent–was recorded during the first election in December 1991.[35]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c "Article 103, Section V". Constitution of Ukraine. 1996.
- ^ Про правовий режим воєнного стану [On the legal regime of martial law]. 2015. § 19.
- ^ Reaney, Lee; Wasserman, Joel (2024-10-31). "Wartime Elections in Ukraine Are Impossible". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on 2024-10-30. Retrieved 2024-10-30.
- ^ Oz, Katerji (2023-11-17). "Zelensky Is Following Ukrainian Law in Postponing Elections". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on 2024-10-30. Retrieved 2024-10-30.
- ^ Yurii Kliuchkovskyi and Volodymyr Venher (July 2022). "Organisation and holding of elections in post-war Ukraine. Prerequisites and challenges". Council of Europe.
- ^ Electoral Code of Ukraine. 2019.
- ^ Electoral Code of Ukraine. 2019. § 75.
- ^ Electoral Code of Ukraine. 2019. § 98.
- ^ a b "IFES answers FAQs about Ukraine's presidential election". Kyiv Post. 2019-03-27. Retrieved 2019-04-04.
- ^ "Presidential election in Ukraine in 2019: what needs to be known". Ukrinform. 2019-03-07. Retrieved 2019-04-04.
- ^ The Current Digest of the Post-Soviet Press. Current Digest of the Soviet Press. 2009.
- ^ Ingmar Bredies; Andreas Umland; Valentin Yakushik (22 November 2007). Aspects of the Orange Revolution III. Columbia University Press. pp. 146–. ISBN 978-3-8382-5803-4.
- ^ Electoral Code of Ukraine. 2019. § 74.
- ^ Electoral Code of Ukraine. 2019. § 127, part 5.
- ^ Electoral Code of Ukraine. 2019. § 128, parts 1-2.
- ^ Electoral Code of Ukraine. 2019. § 128, part 18.
- ^ Electoral Code of Ukraine. 2019. § 128, part 3.
- ^ Electoral Code of Ukraine. 2019. § 128, part 4.
- ^ Electoral Code of Ukraine. 2019. § 128, part 19-20.
- ^ "Article 70, Section III". Constitution of Ukraine. 1996.
- ^ "Ukraine elections: Runners and risks". BBC News. 22 May 2014. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
- ^ "Вибір заради протесту: чому українців позбавили можливості голосувати проти всіх [The choice for the sake of protest: why Ukrainians were deprived of the opportunity to vote against everyone]". Слово і Діло (in Ukrainian). 29 January 2019. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
- ^ Kushnir, Lyudmila (31 March 2019). "Чому немає пункту "проти всіх" та як це вплине на президентські вибори [Why is there no "against all" option and how will it affect the presidential elections?"". 24 Канал (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 10 November 2024.
- ^ a b c Nohlen, Dieter; Stöver, Philip (2010). Elections in Europe: a data handbook. Baden-Baden, Germany: Nomos. p. 1993. ISBN 9783832956097.
- ^ a b c d e Kuzio, Taras (June 1996). "Kravchuk to Kuchma: The Ukrainian presidential elections of 1994". Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics. 12 (2): 130–131. doi:10.1080/13523279608415306. ISSN 1352-3279.
- ^ a b c "Результати голосування 31.10.1999 року [Voting results of October 31, 1999]". Central Election Commission of Ukraine. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
- ^ a b "Підсумки голосування 14.11.1999 року [Results of the voting on November 14, 1999]". Central Election Commission of Ukraine. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
- ^ a b c "The Elections of the President of Ukraine, 31 October, 2004". Central Election Commission of Ukraine. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
- ^ a b "The Elections of the President of Ukraine. Repeating voting, 26 December, 2004". Central Election Commission of Ukraine. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
- ^ a b c "Чергові вибори Президента України 17.01.2010 [Regular elections of the President of Ukraine on January 17, 2010]". Central Election Commission of Ukraine. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
- ^ a b "Повторне голосування виборів Президента України 07.02.2010 [Repeat voting of the presidential elections of Ukraine 07.02.2010]". Central Election Commission of Ukraine. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
- ^ a b c "Позачергові вибори Президента України 25.05.2014 [Extraordinary elections of the President of Ukraine on 25.05.2014]". Central Election Commission of Ukraine. Archived from the original on 2 July 2014. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
- ^ a b c "Вибори Президента України 2019 [Presidential elections of Ukraine 2019]". Central Election Commission of Ukraine. Archived from the original on 23 April 2019. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
- ^ a b "Вибори Президента України 2019 [Presidential elections of Ukraine 2019]". Central Election Commission of Ukraine. Archived from the original on 23 April 2019. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
- ^ "Явочным порядком.Почему социологи предрекают высокую явку избирателей в день голосования 31 марта". Focus. 2019-03-29. Retrieved 2019-04-11.
