United States Postal Service

Revenue (2023)	$79.32 billion
Net income (2023)	−$6.48 billion

United States Postal Service
	Government signature used since 1993
	; USPS Headquarters in Washington, D.C. (2024)
Independent overview
Formed	July 1, 1971; 53 years ago; Washington, D.C., U.S.
Jurisdiction	United States federal government
Headquarters	475 L'Enfant Plaza SW; Washington, D.C. 20260-0004; U.S.
Employees	635,350 (516,750 career personnel, 118,600 non-career personnel) as of 2022
Independent executives	Louis DeJoy, Postmaster General; Douglas Tulino, Deputy Postmaster General;
Key document	Postal Clause of the United States Constitution;
Website	usps.com
Footnotes
Revenue (2023)
Revenue (2023)	$79.32 billion
Net income (2023)	−$6.48 billion

The full eagle logo, used in various versions from 1970 to 1993

The United States Postal Service (USPS), also known as the Post Office, U.S. Mail, or simply the Postal Service, is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for providing postal service in the United States, its insular areas and associated states. It is one of a few government agencies explicitly authorized by the Constitution of the United States. As of 2023, the USPS has 525,469 career employees and 114,623 non-career employees.^[4]^: 3

The USPS has a monopoly on traditional letter delivery within the U.S. and operates under a universal service obligation (USO), both of which are defined across a broad set of legal mandates, which obligate it to provide uniform price and quality across the entirety of its service area.^[5] The Post Office has exclusive access^[6] to letter boxes marked "U.S. Mail" and personal letterboxes in the U.S., but has to compete against private package delivery services, such as United Parcel Service, FedEx, and DHL.^[7]

History

The first national postal agency in the US, known as the United States Post Office was founded by the Second Continental Congress in Philadelphia on July 26, 1775, at the beginning of the American Revolution. Benjamin Franklin was appointed the first postmaster general; he also served a similar position for the American colonies.^[8] The Post Office Department was created in 1792 with the passage of the Postal Service Act. The appointment of local postmasters was a major venue for delivering patronage jobs to the party that controlled the White House. Newspaper editors often were named. It was elevated to a cabinet-level department in 1872, and was transformed by the Postal Reorganization Act of 1970 into the U.S. Postal Service as an independent agency.^[9] Since the early 1980s, many direct tax subsidies to the USPS (with the exception of subsidies for costs associated with disabled and overseas voters) have been reduced or eliminated.^[10]

The United States Information Agency (USIA) helped the Post Office Department, during the Cold War, to redesign stamps to include more patriotic slogans.^[11] On March 18, 1970, postal workers in New York City—upset over low wages and poor working conditions, and emboldened by the Civil Rights Movement—organized a strike. The strike initially involved postal workers in only New York City, but it eventually gained support of over 210,000 postal workers across the nation.^[12] While the strike ended without any concessions from the federal government, it did ultimately allow for postal worker unions and the government to negotiate a contract which gave the unions most of what they wanted, as well as the signing of the Postal Reorganization Act by President Richard Nixon on August 12, 1970. The act replaced the cabinet-level Post Office Department with a new federal agency, the U.S. Postal Service,^[13] and took effect on July 1, 1971.^[14]

Among the changes from the Postal Reorganization Act, a key aspect was the requirement for the USPS to be self-financing, which introduced a conflict with its other requirement to provide a nationwide service.^[15] The next major legislation affecting the service, the Postal Accountability and Enhancement Act, was passed in 2006.^[15] This act limited the services that the Postal Service could offer to only those it already provided and also established a requirement for the USPS to save money for the medical benefits of future retirees.^[15] The Act set a goal to save $5 billion per year for the first 10 years of a 50-year schedule, however within 6 years the Postal Service began to default on its payments.^[15] The Postal Service experienced lower revenues as mail use declined in the 2010s.^[16] In 2012, in order to be able to meet obligations for payroll and continuing its operations, the Postal Service defaulted on payments due for retirements benefits in August and again in September that year.^[17] In September 2014, it defaulted on the payments for the fourth time,^[18] and continued to default into 2017.^[19] The Postal Service sought financial reforms from Congress for relief from the funding obligation and debt from the defaults.^[16] Legislation was introduced in Congress in 2016^[20] as well as in 2019, aiming to remove the benefits funding obligations,^[21]^[22] however no new legislation was passed until the 2022 Postal Service Reform Act (PSRA).^[16] The PSRA was signed into law in April 2022.^[15] It forgave $57 billion in Postal Service debt and released it from the obligation to set aside funds for future retirees' healthcare, as well as adding requirements for delivery timing and reporting on performance metrics, and allowing the Postal Service to offer some non-mail services.^[16]^[23]

Current operations

Deliveries

As of 2023, the Postal Service operates 33,641 Post Office and contract locations in the U.S., and delivered a total of 127.3 billion packages and pieces of mail to 164.9 million delivery points in fiscal year 2022.^[3]

USPS delivers mail and packages Monday through Saturday as required by the Postal Service Reform Act of 2022; on Sundays only Priority Express and packages for Amazon.com are delivered.^[24] The USPS delivers packages on Sundays in most major cities.^[25] During the four weeks preceding Christmas since 2013, packages from all mail classes and senders were delivered on Sunday in some areas.^[26] Parcels are also delivered on holidays, with the exception of Thanksgiving and Christmas.^[27] The USPS started delivering Priority Mail Express packages on Christmas Day in select locations for an additional fee.^[25]

The holiday season between Thanksgiving and Christmas is the peak period for the Postal Service,^[28] representing a total volume of 11.7 billion packages and pieces of mail during this time in 2022.^[29]

Fleet

A Grumman LLV, the USPS' main type of delivery truck

The USPS operates one of the largest civilian vehicle fleets in the world, with over 235,000 vehicles as of 2024,^[3] the majority of which are the distinctive and unique Chevrolet/Grumman LLV (long-life vehicle), and the similar, newer Ford-Utilimaster FFV (flexible-fuel vehicle), originally also referred to as the CRV (carrier route vehicle). The LLVs were built from 1987 to 1994 and lack air conditioning, airbags, anti-lock brakes, and space for the large modern volume of e-commerce packages, the Grumman fleet ended its expected 24-year lifespan in fiscal year 2017. The LLV replacement process began in 2015, and after numerous delays,^[30] a $6 billion contract was awarded in February 2021 to Oshkosh Defense to finalize design and produce 165,000 vehicles over 10 years.^[31] The Next Generation Delivery Vehicle (NGDV), will have both gasoline and battery electric versions. Half of the initial 50,000 vehicles will be electric, as will all vehicles purchased after 2026.^[32]

The number of gallons of fuel used in 2009 was 444 million, at a cost of US$1.1 billion.^[33] For every penny increase in the national average price of gasoline, the USPS spends an extra US$8 million per year to fuel its fleet.^[34]

The fleet is notable in that many of its vehicles are right-hand drive, an arrangement intended to give drivers the easiest access to roadside mailboxes. Some rural letter carriers use personal vehicles.^[35] All contractors use personal vehicles. Standard postal-owned vehicles do not have license plates. These vehicles are identified by a seven-digit number displayed on the front and rear.^[36]

Electrifying the USPS fleet

Starting in 2026, all delivery truck purchases are scheduled to be electric vehicles,^[37] partly in response to criticism from the Environmental Protection Agency and an environmental lawsuit,^[38] and also due to availability of new funding provided by the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022.^[39]^[40] The Act included $3 billion for electric USPS vehicles,^[41]^[39] supporting the initiative by Postmaster General DeJoy and the Biden Administration to add 66,000 electric vehicles to the fleet by 2028.^[40] The electric fleet will be composed of 9,250 EVs manufactured by Ford; 11,750 commercial off-the-shelf EVs; and 45,000 Oshkosh Next Generation Delivery Vehicles.^[42]^[43] In February 2023, the Postal Service announced its purchase of the Ford EVs as well as 14,000 electric vehicle charging stations.^[42]^[44] The fleet electrification plan is part of the Postal Service's initiative to reduce carbon emissions from fuel and electricity 40 percent and emissions from contracted services 20 percent by 2030.^[45]^[46]

In August 2024, the USPS deployed the first new vehicles from its fleet modernization project at its Topeka Sorting and Delivery Center in Kansas, including: an electric vehicle with higher clearance for routes delivering a high number of packages, and an electric delivery vehicle produced in partnership with Canoo^[47] that is a "pod-like" smaller van.^[48]

Military mail

The Department of Defense and the USPS jointly operate a postal system to deliver mail for the military; this is known as the Army Post Office (for Army and Air Force postal facilities) and the Fleet Post Office (for Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard postal facilities).^[49]

Operation and budget

In fiscal year 2022, the Postal Service had $78.81 billion in revenue and expenses of $79.74 billion. Due to one-time appropriations authorized by the Postal Service Reform Act of 2022, the agency reported a net income of $56.04 billion.^[50] In the 2023 fiscal, revenue had increased to $79.32 billion, but reported a net loss of $6.48 billion.^[4]

Revenue decline and planned cuts

In 2016, the USPS had its fifth straight annual operating loss, in the amount of $5.6 billion, of which $5.8 billion was the accrual of unpaid mandatory retiree health payments.^[51]

Declining mail volume

First-class mail volume peaked in 2001 to 103.65 billion declining to 52.62 billion by 2020^[52] due to the increasing use of email and the World Wide Web for correspondence and business transactions.^[53] Private courier services, such as FedEx and United Parcel Service (UPS), directly compete with USPS for the delivery of packages.

Lower volume means lower revenues to support the fixed commitment to deliver to every address once a day, six days a week. According to an official report on November 15, 2012, the U.S. Postal Service lost $15.9 billion its 2012 fiscal year.^[54]

Internal streamlining and delivery slowdown

In response, the USPS has increased productivity each year from 2000 to 2007,^[55] through increased automation, route re-optimization, and facility consolidation.^[53] Despite these efforts, the organization saw an $8.5 billion budget shortfall in 2010,^[56] and was losing money at a rate of about $3 billion per quarter in 2011.^[57]

On December 5, 2011, the USPS announced it would close more than half of its mail processing centers, eliminate 28,000 jobs and reduce overnight delivery of First-Class Mail. This will close down 252 of its 461 processing centers.^[58] (At peak mail volume in 2006, the USPS operated 673 facilities.^[59]) As of May 2012, the plan was to start the first round of consolidation in summer 2012, pause from September to December, and begin a second round in February 2014; 80% of first-class mail would still be delivered overnight through the end of 2013.^[60] New delivery standards were issued in January 2015, and the majority of single-piece (not presorted) first-class mail is now being delivered in two days instead of one.^[61] Large commercial mailers can still have first-class mail delivered overnight if delivered directly to a processing center in the early morning, though as of 2014 this represented only 11% of first-class mail.^[61] Unsorted first-class mail will continue to be delivered anywhere in the contiguous United States within three days.^[62]

Post office closures

In July 2011, the USPS announced a plan to close about 3,700 small post offices. Various representatives in Congress protested, and the Senate passed a bill that would have kept open all post offices farther than 10 miles (16 km) from the next office.^[63] In May 2012, the service announced it had modified its plan. Instead, rural post offices would remain open with reduced retail hours (some as little as two hours per day) unless there was a community preference for a different option.^[59] In a survey of rural customers, 54% preferred the new plan of retaining rural post offices with reduced hours, 20% preferred the "Village Post Office" replacement (where a nearby private retail store would provide basic mail services with expanded hours), 15% preferred merger with another Post Office, and 11% preferred expanded rural delivery services.^[64] In 2012, USPS reported that approximately 40% of postal revenue comes from online purchases or private retail partners including Walmart, Staples, Office Depot, Walgreens, Sam's Club, Costco, and grocery stores.^[64] The National Labor Relations Board agreed to hear the American Postal Workers Union's arguments that these counters should be staffed by postal employees who earn far more and have "a generous package of health and retirement benefits".^[65]^[66]

Elimination of Saturday delivery averted

On January 28, 2009, Postmaster General John E. Potter testified before the Senate^[67] that, if the Postal Service could not readjust its payment toward the contractually funding earned employee retiree health benefits, as mandated by the Postal Accountability & Enhancement Act of 2006,^[68] the USPS would be forced to consider cutting delivery to five days per week during June, July, and August.

H.R. 22, addressing this issue, passed the House of Representatives and Senate and was signed into law on September 30, 2009.^[69] However, Postmaster General Potter continued to advance plans to eliminate Saturday mail delivery.^[70]

On June 10, 2009, the National Rural Letter Carriers' Association (NRLCA) was contacted for its input on the USPS's current study of the effect of five-day delivery along with developing an implementation plan for a five-day service plan. A team of Postal Service headquarters executives and staff was given a time frame of sixty days to complete the study. The current concept examines the effect of five-day delivery with no business or collections on Saturday, with Post Offices with current Saturday hours remaining open.

On Thursday, April 15, 2010, the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform held a hearing to examine the status of the Postal Service and recent reports on short and long-term strategies for the financial viability and stability of the USPS entitled "Continuing to Deliver: An Examination of the Postal Service's Current Financial Crisis and its Future Viability". At which, PMG Potter testified that by 2020, the USPS cumulative losses could exceed $238 billion, and that mail volume could drop 15 percent from 2009.^[71]

In February 2013, the USPS announced that in order to save about $2 billion per year, Saturday delivery service would be discontinued except for packages, mail-order medicines, Priority Mail, Express Mail, and mail delivered to Post Office boxes, beginning August 10, 2013.^[72]^[73]^[74] However, the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2013, passed in March, reversed the cuts to Saturday delivery.^[75]

Retirement funding and payment defaults

The Postal Accountability and Enhancement Act of 2006 (PAEA)^[76] obligated the USPS to fund the present value of earned retirement obligations (essentially past promises which have not yet come due) within a ten-year time span.^[77]

The U.S. Office of Personnel Management (OPM) is the main bureaucratic organization responsible for the human resources aspect of many federal agencies and their employees. The PAEA created the Postal Service Retiree Health Benefit Fund (PSRHB) after Congress removed the Postal Service contribution to the Civil Service Retirement System (CSRS).^{[clarification needed]} Most other employees that contribute to the CSRS have 7% deducted from their wages. Currently, all new employees^[which?] contribute into Federal Employee Retirement System (FERS) once they become a full-time regular employees.^[78]

Running low on cash, in order to continue operations unaffected and continue to meet payroll, the USPS defaulted for the first time on a $5.5 billion retirement benefits payment due August 1, 2012, and a $5.6 billion payment due September 30, 2012.^[79]

On September 30, 2014, the USPS failed to make a $5.7 billion payment on this debt, the fourth such default.^[80] In 2017, the USPS defaulted on some of the last lump-sum payments required by the 2006 law, though other payments were also still required.^[81]

Proposals to cancel the funding obligation and plan a new schedule for the debt were introduced in Congress as early as 2016.^[82] A 2019 bill entitled the "USPS Fairness Act", which would have eliminated the pension funding obligation, passed the House but did not proceed further.^[83] As of March 8, 2022, the Postal Service Reform Act of 2022, which includes a section entitled "USPS Fairness Act" cancelling the obligation, has passed both the House and the Senate;^[84]^[85] President Joe Biden signed the bill into law on April 6, 2022.^[86]

Rate increases

Congress has limited rate increases for First-Class Mail to the cost of inflation, unless approved by the Postal Regulatory Commission.^[87] A three-cent surcharge above inflation increased the 1 oz (28 g) rate to 49¢ in January 2014, but this was approved by the commission for two years only.^[88] As of July 14th, 2024 the cost of postage increased to 73 cents for first class mail.^[89]

Reform proposals and delivery changes

During the Obama administration

Comprehensive reform packages considered in the 113th Congress include S.1486^[90] and H.R.2748.^[91] These include the efficiency measure, supported by Postmaster General Patrick Donahoe^[92] of ending door-to-door delivery of mail for some or most of the 35 million addresses that currently receive it, replacing that with either curbside boxes or nearby "cluster boxes". This would save $4.5 billion per year out of the $30 billion delivery budget; door-to-door city delivery costs annually on average $353 per stop, curbside $224, and cluster box $160 (and for rural delivery, $278, $176, and $126, respectively).^[93]^[94]

S.1486,^[95] also with the support of Postmaster General Donahoe,^[96] would also allow the USPS to ship alcohol in compliance with state law, from manufacturers to recipients with ID to show they are over 21. This is projected to raise approximately $50 million per year.^[96] (Shipping alcoholic beverages is currently illegal under 18 U.S.C. § 1716(f).)

In 2014, the Postal Service was requesting reforms to workers' compensation, moving from a pension to defined contribution retirement savings plan, and paying senior retiree health care costs out of Medicare funds, as is done for private-sector workers.^[97]

During the Trump administration

As part of a June 2018 governmental reorganization plan, the Donald Trump administration proposed turning USPS into "a private postal operator" which could save costs through measures like delivering mail fewer days per week, or delivering to central locations instead of door to door. There was strong bipartisan opposition to the idea in Congress.^[98]

In April 2020, Congress approved a $10 billion loan from the Treasury to the post office. According to The Washington Post, officials under Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin suggested using the loan as leverage to give the Treasury Department more influence on USPS operations, including making them raise their charges for package deliveries, a change long sought by President Trump.^[99]

In May 2020, in a controversial move, the Board of Governors of the United States Postal Service appointed Louis DeJoy, the first postmaster general in the last two decades who did not emerge from the postal bureaucracy. Instead he had three decades of experience in the private delivery sector where he created a new national corporation with 80,000 employees.^[100]^[101]^[102]

DeJoy—until 2014 CEO of New Breed Logistics (a controversial Postal Service contractor),^[103] and until 2018 a board member its new parent, XPO Logistics, whose postal contracts expanded during DeJoy's postmaster general role—was a major donor and fundraiser for the Republican Party^[104]^[105] (from 2017, a deputy finance chairman of the Republican National Committee, until appointed postmaster general, and later million-dollar donor to the 2020 Trump campaign while postmaster general).^[104]^[105]^[106]^[107]^[108]^[109]^[110]

DeJoy immediately began taking measures to reduce costs, such as banning overtime and extra trips to deliver mail.^[111]^[112]^[113] While DeJoy admitted that these measures were causing delays in mail delivery, he said they would eventually improve service.^[114]

More than 600 high-speed mail sorting machines were scheduled to be dismantled and removed from postal facilities,^[115] raising concerns that mailed ballots for the November 3 election might not reach election offices on time.^[116]

Mail collection boxes were removed from the streets in many cities; after photos of boxes being removed were spread on social media, a postal service spokesman said they were being moved to higher traffic areas but that the removals would stop until after the election.^[117]

The inspector general for the postal service opened an investigation into the recent changes.^[118] On August 16 the House of Representatives was called back from its summer recess to consider a bill rolling back all of the changes.^[119]

On August 18, 2020, after days of heavy criticism and the day after lawsuits against the Postal Service and DeJoy personally were filed in federal court by several individuals,^[120] DeJoy announced that he would roll back all the changes until after the November election. He said he would reinstate overtime hours, roll back service reductions, and halt the removal of mail-sorting machines and collection boxes.^[121] However, 95 percent of the mail sorting machines that were planned for removal had already been removed,^[122] and according to House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, DeJoy said he has no intention of replacing them or the mail collection boxes.^[123]

On December 27, 2020, the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2021 forgave the previous $10 billion loan.^[124]

Coronavirus pandemic and voting by mail

Voting by mail has become an increasingly common practice in the United States, with 25% of voters nationwide mailing their ballots in 2016 and 2018. The coronavirus pandemic of 2020 was predicted to cause a large increase in mail voting because of the possible danger of congregating at polling places.^[125] For the 2020 election, a state-by-state analysis concluded that 76% of Americans were eligible to vote by mail in 2020, a record number. The analysis predicted that 80 million ballots could be cast by mail in 2020 – more than double the number in 2016.^[126] The Postal Service sent letters to 46 states in July 2020, warning that the service might not be able to meet each state's deadlines for requesting and casting last-minute absentee ballots.^[127] The House of Representatives voted to include an emergency grant of $25 billion to the post office to facilitate the predicted flood of mail ballots,^[128] but the bill never reached the Senate floor for a vote.^[129]^[130]

A March 2021 report from the Postal Service's inspector general found that the vast majority of mail-in ballots and registration materials in the 2020 election were delivered to the relevant authorities on time.^[131]^[132] The Postal Service handled approximately 135 million pieces of election-related mail between September 1 and November 3, delivering 97.9% of ballots from voters to election officials within three days, and 99.89% of ballots within seven days.^[131]^[133]

COVID-19 test kits to Americans

Postmaster General DeJoy helped the USPS deliver approximately 380 million home test kits from January 2022 through May 2022.^[134]^[135] As of March 2024, when the program concluded, the USPS had delivered over 1.8 billion free COVID-19 test kits.^[136]

In September 2024, the distribution of free at-home COVID-19 tests was re-started.^[137]^[138]

Delivering for America reform plan

In March 2021, the Postal Service launched a 10-year reform plan called Delivering for America, intended to improve the agency's financial stability, service reliability, and operational efficiency.^[139]^[140] The plan includes $40 billion in investments meant to improve USPS technology and facilities.^[141] In April 2022, the Postal Service Reform Act of 2022 was signed into law.^[134] It lifted financial burdens placed on the USPS by the 2006 Postal Accountability and Enhancement Act.^[142]

As part of Delivering for America, the Postal Service has introduced two new parcel shipping offerings: USPS Connect in June 2022 and USPS Ground Advantage in July 2023.^[143]^[144] It has also installed 348 new package sorting machines within its facilities.^[141] As of September 2023, the Postal Service is able to process approximately 70 million packages per day,^[141] up from 53 million in 2021,^[145] and 60 million in 2022.^[146]

The USPS announced in July 2022 that it would be building 60 new regional processing and distribution centers in order to replace smaller, redundant facilities.^[147] One of the first of these facilities, a 700,000-square-foot building in Gastonia, North Carolina, opened in November 2023.^[148]

In an effort to stabilize its workforce, the Postal Service converted 150,000 of its pre-career workers into full-time employees between October 2020 and September 2023.^[141]^[149]

Delivering for America has attempted to stabilize the Postal Service's finances by adjusting service times for mail and package delivery.^[150] In 2020, the Postal Regulatory Commission gave the Postal Service increased authority to raise postage rates in order to cover its operating costs.^[151] Between 2021 and 2023, USPS has raised the postage rate four times.^[152] In May 2023, USPS reported a $2.5 billion loss over the year's first quarter, with approximately $500 million of that figure related to costs within the agency's control.^[153] It also reported that its projected ten-year losses had been reduced from $160 billion to $70 billion.^[154]

Governance and organization

The Board of Governors of the United States Postal Service sets policy, procedure, and postal rates for services rendered. It has a similar role to a corporate board of directors. Of the eleven members of the Board, nine are appointed by the president and confirmed by the U.S. Senate (see 39 U.S.C. § 202). The nine appointed members then select the United States postmaster general, who serves as the board's tenth member, and who oversees the day-to-day activities of the service as chief executive officer (see 39 U.S.C. §§ 202–203). The ten-member board then nominates a deputy postmaster general, who acts as chief operating officer, to the eleventh and last remaining open seat.

The independent Postal Regulatory Commission (formerly the Postal Rate Commission) is also controlled by appointees of the president confirmed by the Senate. It oversees postal rates and related concerns, having the authority to approve or reject USPS proposals.

The USPS is often mistaken for a state-owned enterprise or government-owned corporation (e.g., Amtrak) because it operates much like a business. It is, however, an "establishment of the executive branch of the Government of the United States", (39 U.S.C. § 201) as it is controlled by presidential appointees and the postmaster general. As a government agency, it has many special privileges, including sovereign immunity, eminent domain powers, powers to negotiate postal treaties with foreign nations, and an exclusive legal right to deliver first-class and third-class mail. Indeed, in 2004, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in a unanimous decision "The Postal Service is not subject to antitrust liability. In both form and function, it is not a separate antitrust person from the United States but is part of the Government, and so is not controlled by the antitrust laws" such as the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890.^[155] Unlike a state-owned enterprise, the USPS lacks a transparent ownership structure and is not subject to standard rules and norms that apply to commercial entities. The USPS also lacks commercial discretion and control.^[156]

The U.S. Supreme Court has also upheld the USPS's statutory monopoly on access to letter boxes against a First Amendment freedom of speech challenge; it thus remains illegal in the U.S. for anyone, other than the employees and agents of the USPS, to deliver mail pieces to letter boxes marked "U.S. Mail".^[157]

The Postal Service also has a Mailers' Technical Advisory Committee and local Postal Customer Councils, which are advisory and primarily involve business customers.^[158]

The USPS assigns city names to various postal addresses; these assignments do not always correspond with municipal boundaries. Mailing address names may stay the same even if city boundaries change.^[159]

Funding and privatization proposals

Since the Postal Reorganization Act came into effect in 1971, the USPS has been mandated to be self-financing and rely solely on revenue from stamps and package deliveries to support itself.^[160]^[10]In 1982, postal stamps were changed to be categorized as products rather than a form of taxation, and since then, the Postal Service has no longer received taxpayer funding.^[160]

Since the 1990s, Republicans have been discussing the idea of privatizing the U.S. Postal Service.^[161] President Trump's administration proposed turning USPS into "a private postal operator" as part of a June 2018 governmental reorganization plan, although there was strong bipartisan opposition to the idea in Congress.^[98]

On December 17, 2017, President Trump criticized the postal service's relationship with Amazon. In a post on Twitter, he stated: "Why is the United States Post Office, which is losing many billions of dollars a year, while charging Amazon and others so little to deliver their packages, making Amazon richer and the Post Office dumber and poorer? Should be charging MUCH MORE!"^[162] Amazon maintains that the Postal Service makes a profit from its contract with the company.^[163] On June 21, 2018, Trump proposed a sweeping reorganization but Congress did not act.^[164]

Lisa Graves has documented decades-long efforts to privatize the U.S. Postal Service through driving the public service to financial collapse.^[165]^[166]^[167] The Council on Foreign Relations brings up the idea of bringing USPS online with a digital identity via an email address.^[168] USPS explored a digital identity using an email address in its "Digital Identity – Opportunities for the Postal Service" report in 2012.^[169]

Universal service obligation and monopoly status

Legal basis and rationale

Article I, section 8, Clause 7 of the U.S. Constitution grants Congress the power to establish post offices and post roads,^[170] which has been interpreted as a de facto Congressional monopoly over the delivery of first-class residential mail—which has been defined as non-urgent residential letters (not packages). Accordingly, no other system for delivering first-class residential mail—public or private—has been tolerated, absent Congress's consent. The mission of the Postal Service is to provide the American public with trusted universal postal service. While not explicitly defined, the Postal Service's universal service obligation (USO) is broadly outlined in statute and includes multiple dimensions: geographic scope, range of products, access to services and facilities, delivery frequency, affordable and uniform pricing, service quality, and security of the mail. While other carriers may claim to voluntarily provide delivery on a broad basis, the Postal Service is the only carrier with a legal obligation to provide all the various aspects of universal service.^[171]

Proponents of universal service principles claim that since any obligation must be matched by the financial capability to meet that obligation, the postal monopoly was put in place as a funding mechanism for the USO, and it has been in place for over a hundred years. It consists of two parts: the Private Express Statutes (PES) and the mailbox access rule. The PES refer to the Postal Service's monopoly on the delivery of letters, and the mailbox rule refers to the Postal Service's exclusive access to customer mailboxes.^[172]

Proponents of universal service principles further claim that eliminating or reducing the PES or mailbox rule would affect the ability of the Postal Service to provide affordable universal service. If, for example, the PES and the mailbox rule were to be eliminated, and the USO maintained, then either billions of dollars in tax revenues or some other source of funding would have to be found.^[172]

Some proponents^{[by whom?]}^[173] of universal service principles suggest that private communications that are protected by the veil of government promote the exchange of free ideas and communications. This separates private communications from the ability of a private for-profit or non-profit organization to corrupt. Security for the individual is in this way protected by the United States Post Office, maintaining confidentiality and anonymity, as well as government employees being much less likely to be instructed by superiors to engage in nefarious spying.^{[citation needed]} It is seen by some^{[by whom?]} as a dangerous step to extract the universal service principle from the post office, as the untainted nature of private communications is preserved as assurance of the protection of individual freedom of privacy.^[174]

However, as the recent notice of a termination of mail service to residents of the Frank Church–River of No Return Wilderness indicates, mail service has been contracted to private firms such as Arnold Aviation for many decades. KTVB-TV reported:^[175]

"We cannot go out every week and pick up our mail ... it's impossible", said Heinz Sippel. "Everyone gets their mail. Why can't we?" said Sue Anderson. Getting mail delivered, once a week, by airplane is not a luxury, it's a necessity for those who live in Idaho's vast wilderness—those along the Salmon and Selway rivers. It's a service that's been provided to them for more than half a century—mostly by Ray Arnold of Arnold Aviation. The decision was reversed; U.S. Postmaster General John Potter indicated that acceptable service to back country customers could not be achieved in any other fashion than continuing an air mail contract with Arnold Aviation to deliver the mail.^[176]

2008 report on universal postal service and the postal monopoly

The Postal Act of 2006 required the Postal Regulatory Commission (PRC) to submit a report to the president and Congress on universal postal service and the postal monopoly in December 2008. The report must include any recommended changes. The Postal Service report supports the requirement that the PRC is to consult with and solicit written comments from the Postal Service. In addition, the Government Accountability Office was required to evaluate broader business model issues by 2011.

On October 15, 2008, the Postal Service submitted a report^[5] to the PRC on its position related to the Universal Service Obligation (USO). It said no changes to the USO and restriction on mailbox access were necessary at that time, but increased regulatory flexibility was required to ensure affordable universal service in the future.

In February 2013, the Postal Service announced that starting August 2013, Saturday delivery would be discontinued. Congress traditionally includes a provision in an annual continuing resolution that requires six-day delivery; it did so again in March 2013, and the Postal Service was forced to continue Saturday delivery.^[177]

Obligations of the USO include uniform prices, quality of service, access to services, and six-day delivery to every part of the country. To assure financial support for these obligations, the postal monopoly provides the Postal Service the exclusive right to deliver letters and restricts mailbox access solely for mail. The report argued that eliminating or reducing either aspect of the monopoly "would have a devastating impact on the ability ... to provide the affordable universal service that the country values so highly". Relaxing access to the mailbox would also pose security concerns, increase delivery costs, and hurt customer service, according to the Post Office. The report notes:

It is somewhat misleading to characterize the mailbox rule as a "monopoly," because the enforcement of 18 U.S.C. § 1725 leaves customers with ample alternative means of delivering their messages. Customers can deliver their messages either by paying postage, by placing messages on or under a door or a doormat, by using newspaper or non-postal boxes, by telephoning or emailing, by engaging in person-to-person delivery in public areas, by tacking or taping their notices on a door post, or by placing advertisements in local newspapers. These methods are comparable in efficacy to communication via the mailbox.

Most of these alternatives are not actually free in some communities. For example, in the Chicago metropolitan area and many other major metros, one must get a background check from police and pay a daily fee for the right to solicit or post commercial messages on private property.^{[citation needed]}

Regarding the monopoly on delivery of letters, the report notes that the monopoly is not complete, as there is an exception for letters where either the amount paid for private carriage of the letter equals at least six times the current rate for the first ounce of a single-piece First-Class Mail letter (also known as the "base rate" or "base tariff") or the letter weighs at least 12.5 ounces.

The Postal Service said that the USO should continue to be broadly defined and there should be no changes to the postal monopoly. Any changes would have far-reaching effects on customers and the trillion dollar mailing industry. "A more rigidly defined USO would ... ultimately harm the American public and businesses," according to the report, which cautions that any potential change must be studied carefully and the effects fully understood.

Competitors

FedEx and United Parcel Service (UPS) directly compete with USPS Express Mail and package delivery services, making nationwide deliveries of urgent letters and packages. Due to the postal monopoly, they are not allowed to deliver non-urgent letters and may not directly ship to U.S. Mail boxes at residential and commercial destinations. However, both companies have transit agreements with the USPS in which an item can be dropped off with either FedEx or UPS who will then provide shipment up to the destination post office serving the intended recipient where it will be transferred for delivery to the U.S. Mail destination, including Post Office Box destinations.^[178]^[179] These services also deliver packages which are larger and heavier than USPS will accept. DHL Express was the third major competitor until February 2009, when it ceased domestic delivery operations in the United States.

A variety of other transportation companies in the United States move cargo around the country, but either have limited geographic scope for delivery points, or specialize in items too large to be mailed. Many of the thousands of courier companies focus on same-day delivery, for example, by bicycle messenger.

Although USPS and FedEx are direct competitors, USPS contracts with FedEx for air transport of 2–3 Day Priority Mail ^[180] and Priority Mail Express (typically delivered overnight).^[181] Amazon controls one-fifth of the delivery market, and is on track to overtake UPS and even the US Postal Service (USPS), according to data from the logistics firm Pitney Bowes.^[182] Amazon Drone Delivery service is in USPS territory as well.^[183]

Alternative transmission methods

The Post Office Department owned and operated the first public telegraph lines in the United States, starting in 1844 from Washington to Baltimore, and eventually extending to New York, Boston, Buffalo, and Philadelphia. In 1847, the telegraph system was privatized, except for a period during World War I, when it was used to accelerate the delivery of letters arriving at night.^[184]

Between 1942 and 1945, "V-Mail" (for "Victory Mail") service was available for military mail. Letters were converted into microfilm and reprinted near the destination, to save room on transport vehicles for military cargo.^[185]

In 1970, Western Union in co-operation with the Postal Service introduced the "Mailgram", a special type of telegram offered by Western Union intended for bulk mailing to multiple addressees. The sender would contact WU and submit to them the message to be sent and a list of addressees to mail the requested Mailgrams to. The message and address data were then sent electronically over Western Union's terrestrial network normally used for standard telegrams, with WU's Westar 1 satellite used instead starting in 1974 with its launch, for Mailgram transmission to participating Postal Service centers, who would then print and mail the Mailgrams to the requested addressees.

Similar to WU's Mailgrams was Electronic Computer Originated Mail, offered by the Postal Service from 1982 to 1985. Also known as E-COM, it too was used for bulk mailings. Text was transmitted electronically to one of 25 post offices nationwide. The Postal Service would print the mail and put it in special envelopes bearing a blue E-COM logo. Delivery was assured within two days.^[186]

To improve accuracy and efficiency, the Postal Service introduced the Intelligent Mail program to complement the ZIP code system. This system, which was intended to replace the deprecated POSTNET system, allows bulk mailers to use pre-printed bar codes to assist in mail delivery and sorting. Additional features, called Enhanced, or Full-Service, Intelligent Mail Barcodes allow for mail tracking of bulk mail through the postal system up to the final delivery Post Office.^[187]

Criticism of the universal service requirement and the postal monopoly

Critics of the universal service requirement and the statutory postal monopoly include several professional economists advocating for the privatization of the mail delivery system, or at least a relaxation of the universal service model that currently exists.^[188]

Rick Geddes of the Hoover Institution argued in 2000 that a government monopoly was not necessary to ensure rural service, because rural customers could pay more instead of being subsidized by other customers, rural service could be contracted to private firms, and rural customers had alternate modes of communication such as the internet.^[189]

Furthermore, some economists have argued that because public enterprises may pursue objectives different from profit maximization, they might have more of an incentive than profit-maximizing firms to behave anticompetitively through policies such as predatory pricing, misstating costs, and creating barriers to entry.^[190] To resolve those issues, one economist proposes a cost-allocation model that would determine the optimal allocation of USPS's common costs by finding the share of costs that would maximize USPS profits from its competitive products.^[191] Postal regulators could use such a cost model to ensure that the Postal Service is not abusing its statutory monopoly by subsidizing price cuts in competitive product markets with revenue obtained from the monopolized market.^[192]

Law enforcement agencies

Under the Mail Cover Program USPS photographs the front and back of every piece of U.S. mail as part of the sorting process, enabling law enforcement to obtain address information and images of the outsides of mail as part of an investigation without the need for a warrant.^[193]

Postal Inspection Service

The United States Postal Inspection Service (USPIS) is one of the oldest law enforcement agencies in the U.S. Founded by Benjamin Franklin on August 7, 1775, its mission is to protect the Postal Service, its employees, and its customers from crime and protect the nation's mail system from criminal misuse.^[194]

Postal Inspectors enforce over 200 federal laws providing for the protection of mail in investigations of crimes that may adversely affect or fraudulently use the U.S. Mail, the postal system or postal employees.

The USPIS has the power to enforce the USPS monopoly by conducting search and seizure raids on entities they suspect of sending non-urgent mail through overnight delivery competitors. According to the American Enterprise Institute, a private conservative think tank, the USPIS raided Equifax offices in 1993 to ascertain if the mail they were sending through FedEx was truly "extremely urgent". It was found that the mail was not, and Equifax was fined $30,000.^[195]^[196]

The PIS oversees the activities of the Postal Police Force who patrol and secure major postal facilities in the United States.^[197]

Office of Inspector General

The United States Postal Service Office of Inspector General (OIG) was authorized by law in 1996. Prior to the 1996 legislation, the Postal Inspection Service performed the duties of the OIG. The inspector general, who is independent of postal management, is appointed by and reports directly to the nine presidentially appointed, Senate–confirmed members of the Board of Governors of the United States Postal Service.

The primary purpose of the OIG is to prevent, detect and report fraud, waste and program abuse, and promote efficiency in the operations of the Postal Service. The OIG has "oversight" responsibility for all activities of the Postal Inspection Service.

How delivery services work

Elements of addressing and preparing domestic mail

All mailable articles (e.g., letters, flats, machinable parcels, irregular parcels, etc.) shipped within the United States must comply with an array of standards published in the USPS Domestic Mail Manual (DMM).^[198] Before addressing the mailpiece, one must first comply with the various mailability standards relating to attributes of the actual mailpiece such as: minimum/maximum dimensions^[199] and weight, acceptable mailing containers, proper mailpiece sealing/closure, utilization of various markings, and restrictions relating to various hazardous (e.g., explosives, flammables, etc.) and restricted (e.g., cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, etc.) materials, as well as others articulated in § 601 of the DMM.^[200]

Mail going to naval vessels is known as the Fleet Post Office (FPO) and to Army or Air Force installations use the city abbreviation APO (Army Post Office or Air Force Post Office).

Undeliverable mail that cannot be readily returned, including mail without a return address, is treated as dead mail at a Mail Recovery Center in Atlanta, Georgia or Saint Paul, Minnesota.

The USPS maintains a list of proper abbreviations.^[201]

The format of a return address is similar. Though some style manuals recommend using a comma between the city and state name when typesetting addresses in other contexts, for optimal automatic character recognition, the Post Office does not recommend this when addressing mail. The official recommendation is to use all upper case block letters with proper formats and abbreviations, and leave out all punctuation except for the hyphen in the ZIP+4 code. If the address is unusually formatted or illegible enough, it will require hand-processing, delaying that particular item. The USPS publishes the entirety of their postal addressing standards.^[202]

Postal address verification tools and services are offered by the USPS and third-party companies to help ensure mail is deliverable by fixing formatting, appending information such as ZIP Code and validating the address is a valid delivery point. Customers can look up ZIP Codes and verify addresses using USPS Web Tools available on the official USPS website and Facebook page, as well as on third-party sites.^[203]

Delivery Point Validation

Delivery Point Validation (DPV) provides the highest level of address accuracy checking. In a DPV process, the address is checked against the AMS data file to ensure that it exists as an active delivery point.^[204] The USPS provides DPV on their website as part of the ZIP Code Lookup tool; there are also companies that offer services to perform DPV in bulk.

Paying postage

Postage can be paid via:^[205]

Stamps purchased online at usps.com, at a post office, from a stamp vending machine or "Automated Postal Center" which can also handle packages, or from a third party (such as a grocery store)
Pre-cancelled stamps for bulk mailings^[206]
Postal meter
Prepaid envelope
Shipping label purchased online and printed by the customer on standard paper (e.g., with Click-N-Ship, or via a third-party such as PayPal or Amazon shipping)

All unused U.S. postage stamps issued since 1861 are still valid as postage at their indicated value. Stamps with no value shown or denominated by a letter are also still valid, although the value depends upon the particular stamp. For some stamps issued without a printed value, the current value is the original value. But some stamps beginning in 1988 or earlier, including Forever Stamps (issued from April 2007) and all first-class, first-ounce stamps issued from January 21, 2011, the value is the current value of a first-class-mail first-ounce stamp. The USPS calls these Forever Stamps but the generic name is non-denominated postage.

Forever stamps are sold at the First-Class Mail postage rate at the time of purchase, but will always be valid for First-Class Mail, up to 1 ounce (28 g), no matter how rates rise in the future.^[207] Britain has had a similar stamp since 1989. The cost of mailing a 1 oz (28 g) First-Class letter increased to 73 cents on July 14, 2024.^[89]^[208]

Postage meters

A postage meter is a mechanical device used to create and apply physical evidence of postage (or franking) to mailed matter. Postage meters are regulated by a country's postal authority; for example, in the United States, the United States Postal Service specifies the rules for the creation, support, and use of postage meters. A postage meter imprints an amount of postage, functioning as a postage stamp, a cancellation and a dated postmark all in one. The meter stamp serves as proof of payment and eliminates the need for adhesive stamps.

PC Postage

In addition to using standard stamps, postage can now be printed in the form of an electronic stamp, or e-stamp, from a personal computer using a system called Information Based Indicia. This online PC Postage method relies upon application software on the customer's computer contacting a postal security device at the office of the postal service.^[209]

International services

In May 2007, the USPS restructured international service names to correspond with domestic shipping options. Formerly, USPS International services^[215] were categorized as Airmail (Letter Post), Economy (Surface) Parcel Post, Airmail Parcel Post, Global Priority, Global Express, and Global Express Guaranteed Mail. The former Airmail (Letter Post) is now First-Class Mail International,^[216]^[217] and includes small packages weighing up to four pounds (1.8 kg). Economy Parcel Post was discontinued for international service, while Airmail Parcel Post was replaced by Priority Mail International. Priority Mail International Flat-Rate packaging in various sizes was introduced, with the same conditions of service previously used for Global Priority. Global Express is now Express Mail International, while Global Express Guaranteed is unchanged. The international mailing classes with a tracking ability are Express, Express Guaranteed, and Priority (except that tracking is not available for Priority Mail International Flat Rate Envelopes or Priority Mail International Small Flat Rate Boxes).^[218]

One of the major changes in the updated naming and services definitions is that USPS-supplied mailing boxes for Priority and Express mail are allowed for international use. These services are offered to ship letters and packages to almost every country and territory on the globe. The USPS provides much of this service by contracting with a private parcel service, FedEx.^[219]

The USPS provides an M-bag^[220] service for international shipment of printed matter;^[221] previously surface M-bags existed, but with the 2007 elimination of surface mail, only airmail M-bags remain.^[222] The term "M-bag" is not expanded in USPS publications; M-bags are simply defined as "direct sacks of printed matter ... sent to a single foreign addressee at a single address";^[221] however, the term is sometimes referred to informally as "media bag", as the bag can also contain "discs, tapes, and cassettes", in addition to books, for which the usual umbrella term is "media"; some also refer to them as "mail bags".

Military mail is billed at domestic rates when being sent from the United States to a military outpost, and is free when sent by deployed military personnel. The overseas logistics are handled by the Military Postal Service Agency in the Department of Defense.^[223] Outside of forward areas and active operations, military mail First-Class takes 7–10 days, Priority 10–15 days, and Parcel Post about 24 days.^[224]

Three independent countries with a Compact of Free Association with the U.S. (Palau, the Marshall Islands, and the Federated States of Micronesia) have a special relationship with the United States Postal Service:

Each associated state maintains its own government-run mail service for delivery to and pickup from retail customers.^[225]^[226]^[227]
The associated states are integrated into the USPS addressing and ZIP code system.
The USPS is responsible for transporting mail between the United States and the associated states,^[225] and between the individual states of the Federated States of Micronesia.^[227]
The associated states synchronize postal services and rates with the USPS.
The USPS treats mail to and from the associated states as domestic mail.^[228] Incoming mail does require customs declarations because, like some U.S. territories, the associated states are outside the main customs territory of the United States.^[229]

The discontinuation of international surface mail

In 2007, the US Postal Service discontinued its outbound international surface mail ("sea mail") service,^[230] mainly because of increased costs. Returned undeliverable surface parcels had become an expensive problem for the USPS, since it was often required to take such parcels back.^[231]

Domestic surface mail (now "Retail Ground" or "Commercial Parcel Select") remains available.

Alternatives to international surface mail include:

International Surface Air Lift (ISAL). The service includes neither tracking nor insurance;^[232] but it may be possible to purchase shipping insurance from a third-party company.
USPS Commercial ePacket. The service is trackable.
Ordinary first-class international airmail.

Senders can access the International Surface Air Lift and ePacket services through postal wholesalers. Some examples of such wholesalers include:

Asendia USA (accessible through the Shippo website to users who have an Asendia account),^[233]
Globegistics (now owned by Asendia), and
APC Postal Logistics.

If a sender sends an ISAL mailing directly through the USPS (without a wholesaler as an intermediary), the minimum weight is 50 pounds per mailing.^[234]

Sorting and delivery process

Processing of standard sized envelopes and cards is highly automated, including reading of handwritten addresses. Mail from individual customers and public USPS mailboxes is collected by letter carriers into plastic tubs, which are taken to one of approximately 251 Processing and Distribution Centers (P&DCs) across the United States. Each P&DC sorts mail for a given region (typically with a radius of around 200 miles (320 km)) and connects with the national network for interregional mail.^[235]

Since the late 20th century, the USPS has been reducing point-to-point links in favor of a spoke-hub distribution paradigm, with sorting work tightly concentrated at the hubs. During the 2010s, the USPS consolidated mail sorting for large regions into the P&DCs on the basis that most mail is addressed to faraway destinations,^[236] but for cities at the edge of a P&DC's region, this means all locally addressed mail must travel long distances (that is, to and from the P&DC for sorting) to reach nearby addresses.^[237]

At the P&DC, mail is emptied into hampers which are automatically dumped into a Dual Pass Rough Cull System (DPRCS). As mail travels through the DPRCS, large items, such as packages and mail bundles, are removed from the stream. As the remaining mail enters the first machine for processing standard mail, the Advanced Facer-Canceler System (AFCS), pieces that passed through the DPRCS but do not conform to physical dimensions for processing in the AFCS (e.g., large envelopes or overstuffed standard envelopes) are automatically diverted from the stream. Mail removed from the DPRCS and AFCS is manually processed or sent to parcel sorting machines.

In contrast to the previous system, which canceled and postmarked the upper right corner of the envelope, thereby missing any stamps which were inappropriately placed, the AFCS locates indicia (stamp or metered postage mark) regardless of the orientation of the mailpiece as it enters the machine, and cancels it by applying a postmark. Detection of indicia enables the AFCS to determine the orientation of each mailpiece and sort it accordingly. The AFCS rotates and flips over mailpieces as needed, so all mail is sorted right-side up and faced in the same direction in each output bin.

Mail is sorted by the AFCS into three categories: mail already affixed with a bar code and addressed (such as business reply envelopes and cards); mail with machine printed (typed) addresses; and mail with handwritten addresses.

Mail with typed addresses goes to a Multiline Optical Character Reader (MLOCR) which reads the ZIP Code and address information and prints the appropriate bar code onto the envelope (formerly POSTNET, later Intelligent Mail). Mail with handwritten addresses and illegible typed addresses is diverted from the mailstream to the Remote Bar Coding System (RBCS). Images of such mailpieces are transmitted through RBCS to the Remote Encoding Center, where humans (data entry clerks) read each image and type in the most likely address. Each mailpiece held for RBCS processing is sprayed with an ID Tag, a fluorescent bar code. When address data comes back from the Remote Encoding Center, RBCS uses the ID Tag bar code to identify the corresponding mailpiece and prints the appropriate bar code, then returns the mailpiece to the mailstream.

Processed mail is imaged by the Mail Isolation Control and Tracking (MICT) system to allow easier tracking of hazardous substances. Images are taken at more than 200 mail processing centers, and are destroyed after being retained for 30 days.^[238]

If a customer has filed a change of address card and his or her mail is detected in the mailstream with the old address, the mailpiece is sent to a machine that automatically connects to a Computerized Forwarding System database to determine the new address. If this address is found, the machine will paste a label over the former address with the current address and the appropriate bar code. The mail is returned to the mailstream to be forwarded to the addressee's new location.

Mail with addresses that cannot be read and bar coded by any of the foregoing automated systems is separated for human intervention. Local postal workers can read the address and manually codes and sorts mail according to the ZIP Code on the article. If the address still cannot be read, mail is either returned to the sender (First-Class Mail with a valid return address) or is sent to the Mail Recovery Center in Atlanta, Georgia (formerly known as the dead letter office). At this office, the mail is opened to try to find an address to forward to. If an address is found, the contents are resealed and delivered. Otherwise, the items are held for 90 days in case of inquiry by the customer; if they are not claimed, they are either destroyed or auctioned off at the monthly Postal Service Unclaimed Parcel auction to raise money for the service.

Once the mail is bar coded, it is automatically sorted by a Delivery Bar Code Sorter (DBCS) that reads the bar code, identifies the destination of the mailpiece, and sends it to an appropriate tray that corresponds to the next segment of its journey.

There are necessarily two P&DCs for every domestic mailpiece which correspond to the regions in which the sender and recipient are located. The USPS calls these, respectively, the origin and destination P&DCs.^[239] Mail for which they are the same (because the senders are located in the same region as the recipients) is either trucked to the appropriate local post office, or kept in the building for carrier routes served directly from the P&DC itself. Out-of-region mail is trucked to the closest airport and then flown, usually as baggage on commercial airlines, to the airport nearest the destination station. At the destination P&DC, mail is again read by a DBCS which sorts items to local post offices; this includes grouping mailpieces by individual letter-carrier route.

At the carrier route level, 95% of letters arrive pre-sorted;^[235] the remaining mail must be sorted by hand. In 2009, the Post Office was working to increase the percentage of automatically sorted mail, including a pilot program to sort "flats".^[240]

FedEx provides air transport service to USPS for Priority and Express Mail. Priority Mail and Express Mail are transported from Priority Mail processing centers to the closest FedEx-served airport, where they are handed off to FedEx. FedEx then flies them to the destination airport and hands them back to USPS for transport to the local post office and delivery.

After consolidating sorting work into the P&DCs, the USPS in August 2022 initiated a pilot program to consolidate delivery work into Sorting and Delivery Centers (S&DCs). As of 2022, the USPS was still running "delivery units" out of most of its post offices, meaning that most carrier routes were based at post offices and there were dozens of delivery units in each metropolitan area. The USPS planned to merge many delivery units in each metropolitan area into S&DCs, which implied that many letter carriers would have to endure longer commutes to S&DCs and drive longer delivery routes, while many post offices would be reduced to retail stores with no back-end mail processing capability on site. However, the USPS hoped to save money on the trucking fleet moving mail between its facilities.^[241] A 2023 audit by the USPS inspector general found that the facilities selected to serve as the initial S&DCs were operating smoothly and functioning as expected, but criticized the USPS for immediately consolidating workers into the S&DCs before they had been upgraded with adequate amenities like restrooms, break rooms, and locker rooms appropriately sized for such large numbers of employees.^[242]

Types of postal facilities

Historic main post office in Tomah, Wisconsin

A typical post office station in the Spring Branch area of Houston, Texas

Wheeler Springs, CA was home to the smallest post office in the U.S.

Although its retail postal facilities are called post offices in regular speech, the USPS recognizes several types of postal facilities, including the following:

A main post office (formerly known as a general post office) is the primary postal facility in a community.
A station or post office station is a postal facility that is not the main post office, but that is within the corporate limits of the community.
A branch or post office branch^[243] is a postal facility that is not the main post office and that is outside the corporate limits of the community.
A classified unit is a station or branch operated by USPS employees in a facility owned or leased by the USPS.
A contract postal unit (or CPU) is a station or branch operated by a contractor, typically in a store or other place of business.^[244]
A community post office (or CPO) is a contract postal unit providing services in a small community in which other types of post office facilities have been discontinued.
An approved shipper is an independent shipping business licensed to use certain USPS branding and signage, but which does not receive any financial compensation from USPS and may opt to charge higher rates for postage. Approved Shippers may also accept packages for other carriers such as UPS or FedEx.^[245]
A finance unit is a station or branch that provides window services and accepts mail, but does not provide delivery.
A village post office (VPO) is an entity such as a local business or government center that provides postal services through a contract with the USPS. First introduced in 2011 as an integral part of the USPS plan to close low volume post offices, village post offices will fill the role of the post office within a ZIP Code.^[246]
A processing and distribution center (P&DC, or processing and distribution facility, formerly known as a General Mail Facility) is a central mail facility that processes and dispatches incoming and outgoing mail to and from a designated service area (251 nationwide).^[235]^[247]
A sectional center facility (SCF) is a P&DC for a designated geographical area defined by one or more three-digit ZIP Code prefixes.
An international service center (ISC) is an international mail processing facility. There are only five such USPS facilities in the continental United States, located in Chicago, New York, Miami, Los Angeles and San Francisco.^[248]
A network distribution center, formerly known as a bulk mail center (BMC), is a central mail facility that processes bulk rate parcels as the hub in a hub and spoke network.
An auxiliary sorting facility (ASF) is a central mail facility that processes bulk rate parcels as spokes in a hub and spoke network.
A remote encoding center (REC) is a facility at which clerks receive images of problem mail pieces (those with hard-to-read addresses, etc.) via secure Internet-type feeds and manually type the addresses they can decipher, using a special encoding protocol. The mail pieces are then sprayed with the correct addresses or are sorted for further handling according to the instructions given via encoding. The total number of RECs is down from 55 in 1998 to just 1 center in December 2016. The last REC is in Salt Lake City, Utah.^[249]
A remotely managed post office (RMPO) is an office with part-time window hours that is staffed by a Postal Service employee but managed remotely by a postmaster at a larger office.
A part-time post office (PTPO) is a Post Office that offers part-time window service hours, is staffed by a Postal Service employee, and reports to a district office. ^[250]

While common usage refers to all types of postal facilities as "substations", the USPS Glossary of Postal Terms does not define or even list that word.^[244] Post Offices often share facilities with other governmental organizations located within a city's central business district. In those locations, often courthouses and federal buildings, the building is owned by the General Services Administration while the U.S. Postal Services operates as a tenant.^[251] The USPS retail system has approximately 36,000 post offices, stations, and branches.^[252]

Self-Service Kiosks

In 2004, the USPS began deploying Automated Postal Centers (APCs) at USPS locations.^[253] In the early 2010s, the USPS renamed APCs to Self-Service Kiosks (SSKs).^[254] Self-Service Kiosks are automated and are able to weigh and mail parcels, letters and flats, renew postal office boxes, and print postage.^[255]

Evolutionary Network Development (END) program

In February 2006, the USPS announced that they plan to replace the nine existing facility-types with five processing facility-types:^[256]

Regional Distribution Centers (RDCs), which will process all classes of parcels and bundles and serve as Surface Transfer Centers;
Local Processing Centers (LPCs), which will process single-piece letters and flats and cancel mail;
Destination Processing Centers (DPC), sort the mail for individual letter-carrier route;
Airport Transfer Centers (ATCs), which will serve as transfer points only; and
Remote Encoding Centers (RECs).

Over a period of years, these facilities are expected to replace Processing & Distribution Centers, Customer Service Facilities, Bulk Mail Centers, Logistic and Distribution Centers, annexes, the Hub and Spoke Program, Air Mail Centers, and International Service Centers.

The changes are a result of the declining volumes of single-piece First-Class Mail, population shifts, the increase in drop shipments by advertising mailers at destinating postal facilities, advancements in equipment and technology, redundancies in the existing network, and the need for operational flexibility.

The program was ended in early 2007 after an analysis revealed that the significant amount of capital investment required to implement the END network concept would not generate the benefits originally anticipated.^[257]

Airline and rail division

The United States Postal Service does not directly own or operate any aircraft or trains, although both were formerly operated. The mail and packages are flown on airlines with which the Postal Service has a contractual agreement. The contracts change periodically. Contract airlines have included: UPS, FedEx Express, American Airlines, United Airlines.

The last air delivery route in the continental U.S., to residents in the Frank Church–River of No Return Wilderness, was scheduled to be ended in June 2009. The weekly bush plane route, contracted out to an air taxi company, had in its final year an annual cost of $46,000, or $2400/year per residence, over ten times the average cost of delivering mail to a residence in the United States.^[258] This decision has been reversed by the U.S. postmaster general.^[259]

Parcel forwarding and private interchange

Private US parcel forwarding or US mail forwarding companies focusing on personal shopper, relocation, Ex-pat and mail box services often interface with the United States Postal Service for transporting of mail and packages for their customers.^[260]

Delivery timing

USPS contractor-driven semi-trailer truck seen near Mendota, California

Delivery days

From 1810, mail was delivered seven days a week. In 1828, local religious leaders noticed a decline in Sunday-morning church attendance because of local post offices' doubling as gathering places. These leaders appealed to the government to intervene and close post offices on Sundays. The government, however, declined, and mail was delivered seven days a week until 1912.^[261]^[262] Since then, U.S. Mail (with the exception of Express Mail)^[263] has not been delivered on Sunday.

Saturday delivery was temporarily suspended in April 1957, because of lack of funds, but quickly restored.^[264]^[265]

Budget problems prompted consideration of dropping Saturday delivery starting around 2009. This culminated in a 2013 announcement that regular mail services would be cut to five days a week, which was reversed by Congress before it could take effect. (See the section Revenue decline and planned cuts.)

Direct delivery vs. customer pickup

Originally, mail was not delivered to homes and businesses, but to post offices. In 1863, "city delivery" began in urban areas with enough customers to make this economical. This required streets to be named, houses to be numbered, with sidewalks and lighting provided, and these street addresses to be added to envelopes.^[266] The number of routes served expanded over time. In 1891, the first experiments with Rural Free Delivery began in less densely populated areas.

To compensate for high mail volume and slow long-distance transportation which saw mail arrive at post offices throughout the day, deliveries were made multiple times a day. This ranged from twice for residential areas to up to seven times for the central business district of Brooklyn, New York.^[267] In the late 19th century, mail boxes were encouraged, saving carriers the time it took to deliver directly to the addressee in person. During the 1910s and 1920s, they were phased in as a requirement for service.^[266] In the 1940s, multiple daily deliveries began to be reduced, especially on Saturdays. By 1990, the last twice-daily deliveries in New York City were eliminated.

Since then, mail is delivered once a day to most private homes and businesses. The USPS still distinguishes between city delivery (where carriers generally walk and deliver to mailboxes hung on exterior walls or porches, or to commercial reception areas) and rural delivery (where carriers generally drive).^[268] With "curbside delivery", mailboxes are at the ends of driveways, on the nearest convenient road. "Central point delivery" is used in some locations, where several nearby residences share a "cluster" of individual mailboxes in a single housing.

Some customers choose to use post office boxes for an additional fee, for privacy or convenience. This provides a locked box at the post office to which mail is addressed and delivered (usually earlier in the day than home delivery). Customers in less densely populated areas where there is no city delivery and who do not qualify for rural delivery may receive mail only through post office boxes. High-volume business customers can also arrange for special pick-up.^[269]^[270]

Another option is the old-style general delivery, for people who have neither post office boxes nor street addresses. Mail is held at the post office until they present identification and pick it up.

Some customers receive free post office boxes if the USPS declines to provide door-to-door delivery to their location or a nearby box.^[271] People with medical problems can request door-to-door delivery.^[272] Homeless people are also eligible for post office boxes at the discretion of the local postmaster, or can use general delivery.^[273]

Special delivery

From 1885 to 1997, a service called special delivery was available, which caused a separate delivery to the final location earlier in the day than the usual daily rounds.

Same-day trials

In December 2012, the USPS began a limited one-year trial of same-day deliveries directly from retailers or distribution hubs to residential addresses in the same local area, a service it dubbed "Metro Post".^[274]^[275] The trial was initially limited to San Francisco and the only retailer to participate in the first few weeks was 1-800-FLOWERS.^[276]

In November 2013, the Postal Service began regular package delivery on Sundays for Amazon customers in New York and Los Angeles,^[277] which it expanded to 15 cities in May 2014.^[278] Amazon Sunday delivery has been expanded to most major markets as of September 2015.

Forwarding and holds

Residential customers can fill out a form in-person or online to forward mail to a new address, and can also send pre-printed forms to any of their frequent correspondents. They must have a valid address to forward their mail from and to, and verify their identity. ^[279] They can also put their mail on "hold", for example, while on vacation. The Post Office will store mail during the hold, instead of letting it overflow in the mailbox. These services are not available to large buildings and customers of a commercial mail receiving agency,^[280] where mail is subsorted by non-Post Office employees into individual mailboxes.

First-class packages

In April 2022, the USPS announced it would slow deliveries of almost one third of first-class packages as it sought to rely less on air transportation and find cost savings.^[281]^[150]^[282]^[283]

Financial services

Postal money orders provide a safe alternative to sending cash through the mail, and are available in any amount up to $1,000. Like a bank check, money orders are cashable only by the recipient. Unlike a personal bank check, they are prepaid and therefore cannot be returned because of insufficient funds.^[284] Money orders are a declining business for the USPS, as companies like PayPal, Venmo and others are offering electronic replacements.

From 1911 to 1967, the Postal Service also operated the United States Postal Savings System, not unlike a savings and loan association with the amount of the deposit limited.^[285]

A January 2014 report by the inspector general of the USPS suggested that the agency could earn $8.9 billion per year in revenue by providing financial services, especially in areas where there are no local banks but there is a local post office, and to customers who currently do not have bank accounts.^[286]

Employment

The Postal Service is the nation's second-largest civilian employer.^[287] As of 2023, it employed 525,469 career employees and 115,000 non-career personnel, divided among offices, processing centers, and actual post offices.^[288] The United States Postal Service would rank 43rd on the 2021 Fortune 500 list, if it was a private company^[3] and ranks 136 on Global Fortune 500 list.^[289]

Labor unions representing USPS employees include: The American Postal Workers Union (APWU), which represents postal clerks and maintenance, motor vehicle, mail equipment shops, material distribution centers, and operating services and facilities services employees, postal nurses, and IT and accounting;^[290] the National Association of Letter Carriers (NALC), which represents city letter carriers; the National Rural Letter Carriers' Association (NRLCA), which represents rural letter carriers; and the National Postal Mail Handlers Union (NPMHU).

USPS employees are organized into major crafts according to their tasks:

Letter carriers, also referred to as mailmen or mail carriers, prepare and deliver mail and parcels. They are divided into two categories: city letter carriers, who are represented by the NALC, and rural letter carriers, who are represented by the NRLCA. City Carriers are paid hourly with automatic overtime paid after 8 hours or 40 hours a week of duty.
Rural carriers are under a form of salary called "evaluated hours", usually with overtime built into their pay. The evaluated hours are created by having all mail counted for a period of two or four weeks, and a formula used to create the set dollar amount they will be paid for each day worked until the next time the route is counted.
Mail handlers and processors, prepare, separate, load and unload mail and parcels, by delivery ZIP code and station, for the clerks. They work almost exclusively at the plants or larger mail facilities now after having their duties assessed and reassigned to clerks in Post Offices and Station branches.
Clerks, have a dual function depending on their assignment. Window clerks directly handle customer service needs at the counter, sort box mail and sort first-class letters, standard and bulk-rate mail for the carriers on the work floor. Clerks may also work alongside mail handlers in large sorting facilities, outside of the public view, sorting mail. Data Conversion Operators, who encode address information at Remote Encoding Centers, are also members of the clerk craft. Mail handlers and Clerks are represented by the NPMHU and the APWU, respectively.

Other non-managerial positions in the USPS include:

Maintenance and custodians, who see to the overall operation and cleaning of mail sorting machines, work areas, public parking and general facility operations.
City Carrier Assistants. (CCAs) With the Das Arbitration award the designation of PTF City Carrier has been abolished. TE City Carriers will have the opportunity to become CCAs. A CCA is a non-career employee who is hired for a 360-day term, similar to the TEs. CCAs earn annual leave. CCAs, unlike TEs, have a direct path to becoming career employees. When an open City Carrier position occurs, the CCA in that work installation with the highest "relative standing" will be promoted to a career employee and be assigned to the vacant position.
Career, Part Time Flexible and Transitional employees (Career, PTF & TE) There are a variety of other non-managerial positions in such crafts as accounting, information technology, and the remote encoding center. These are under a different contract than plant workers or letter carriers.^[291]
Contractors are not USPS employees, but work for the USPS under a written contract and usually paid per mile. They do not accrue benefits including health insurance, leave, life insurance, and pension. They must use their own vehicle and pay any cost to maintain, insure, or replace. Contractors generally make less than employees. Just like regular carriers they deliver packages and letters to mailboxes and doors.

A major round of job cuts, early retirements, and a construction freeze were announced on March 20, 2009.^[292]

Workplace violence

In the early 1990s, widely publicized workplace shootings by disgruntled employees at USPS facilities led to a Human Resource effort to provide care for stressed workers and resources for coworker conflicts.^[293] Due to media coverage, postal employees gained a reputation among the general public as more likely to be mentally ill. The USPS Commission on a Safe and Secure Workplace found that "Postal workers are only a third as likely as those in the national workforce to be victims of homicide at work."^[294] In the documentary Murder by Proxy: How America Went Postal, it was argued that this number failed to factor out workers killed by external subjects rather than by fellow employees.

This series of events in turn has influenced American culture, as seen in the slang term "going postal"^[295]^[296] and the computer game Postal. Also, in the opening sequence of Naked Gun 33+1⁄3: The Final Insult, a yell of "Disgruntled postal workers" is heard, followed by the arrival of postal workers with machine guns. In an episode of Seinfeld, the mailman character, Newman, explained in a dramatic monologue that postal workers "go crazy and kill everyone" because the mail never stops. In The Simpsons episode "Sunday, Cruddy Sunday", Nelson Muntz asks Postmaster Bill if he has "ever gone on a killing spree"; Bill replies, "The day of the gun-toting, disgruntled postman shooting up the place went out with the Macarena".^[297]

The series of massacres led the USPS to issue a rule prohibiting the possession of any type of firearms (except for those issued to Postal Inspectors) in all designated USPS facilities.^[298]

In fiction

In the film Miracle on 34th Street (1947), the identity of Kris Kringle (played by Edmund Gwenn) as the one and only "Santa Claus" was validated by a state court, based on the delivery of 21 bags of mail (famously carried into the courtroom) to the character in question. The contention was that it would have been illegal for the United States Post Office to deliver mail that was addressed to "Santa Claus" to the character "Kris Kringle" unless he were, in fact, the one and only Santa Claus. Judge Henry X. Harper (played by Gene Lockhart) ruled that since the U.S. Government had demonstrated through the delivery of the bags of mail that Kris Kringle was Santa Claus, the State of New York did not have the authority to overrule that decision.
The novel Post Office (1971), written by poet and novelist Charles Bukowski, is a semi-autobiographical account of his life over the years as a letter carrier. Bukowski would, under duress, quit and years later return as a mail clerk. His personal account would detail the work at lengths as frustrating, menial, boring, and degrading.
David Brin's novel The Postman (1985) portrays the USPS and its returned services as a staple to revive the United States government in a post-apocalyptic world. It was adapted as a film starring Kevin Costner and Larenz Tate in 1997.
The comedy film Dear God (1996), starring Greg Kinnear and Laurie Metcalf, portrays a group of quirky postal workers in a dead letter office that handle letters addressed to the Easter Bunny, Elvis, and even God himself.
In 2015, The Inspectors, which depicts a group of postal inspectors investigating postal crimes, debuted on CBS. The series uses the USPIS seal and features messages and tips from the Chief Postal Inspector at the end of each episode.
Signed, Sealed, Delivered (original title: Dead Letters), also known as Lost Letter Mysteries, is an American-Canadian drama/romantic comedy television series that aired on the Hallmark Channel from April 20 through June 22, 2014.
In the NBC sitcom Cheers, Cliff Clavin (played by John Ratzenberger) was a know-it-all bar regular and letter carrier.
In the NBC sitcom Seinfeld, Newman (played by Wayne Knight) was an apartment neighbor and foil to Jerry Seinfeld and a letter carrier.

References

^ "On This Day in Postal History: Notable Events by Month/Day/Year" (PDF). United States Postal Service. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 2, 2020. Retrieved August 16, 2020.
^ "Who We Are: Leadership". United States Postal Service. Archived from the original on August 15, 2020. Retrieved August 16, 2020.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Size and scope". United States Postal Service. Archived from the original on July 20, 2023. Retrieved September 12, 2023.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Fiscal Year 2023 Annual Report to Congress" (PDF). United States Postal Service. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 3, 2024. Retrieved January 25, 2024.
^ ^a ^b "Report on Universal Postal Service and the Postal Monopoly". USPS. Archived from the original on October 8, 2021. Retrieved October 20, 2021.
^ "Information About Restrictions on Mailbox Access" (PDF). United States General Accounting Office. May 30, 1997. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 24, 2017. Retrieved April 16, 2020.
^ "Universal Service and the Postal Monopoly: A Brief History" (PDF). The United States Postal Service. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 24, 2013. Retrieved February 11, 2013.
^ "Benjamin Franklin. World of Influence. Man of Letters | PBS". www.pbs.org. Archived from the original on November 27, 2020. Retrieved March 11, 2021.
^ Postal Reorganization Act, Pub. Law No. 91-375, 84 Stat. 719, at 720 (August 12, 1970), codified at 39 U.S.C. § 201.
^ ^a ^b "The U.S. Postal Service; PBS". PBS. November 13, 2011. Archived from the original on October 14, 2019. Retrieved December 1, 2013.
^ Modarressi, Matin. ""Our American Credo": The US Post Office and the Cold War". www.wilsoncenter.org. The Wilson Center. Retrieved April 1, 2024.
^ "The Great 1970 Mail Strike that Stunned the Country". Labor History Articles. American Postal Workers Union. March 2017. Archived from the original on April 22, 2019. Retrieved April 22, 2019.
^ Boyd, Deanna; Chen, Kendra (2019). "Postal Strike and Reorganization: Reinventing the System". The History and Experience of African Americans in America's Postal Service. National Postal Museum. Archived from the original on August 1, 2018. Retrieved April 22, 2019.
^ Piazza, Daniel (April 15, 2008). "8-cent Postal Service Emblem". Smithsonian National Postal Museum. Archived from the original on March 6, 2016. Retrieved April 22, 2019.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Lee, Ella (April 6, 2022). "USPS gets a financial overhaul: Here's what we know about the Postal Service Reform Act". USA Today. Retrieved September 27, 2024.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Bogage, Jason (February 8, 2022). "House Republicans and Democrats agree on $57 billion USPS overhaul". The Washington Post. Retrieved September 27, 2024.
^ Peralta, Eyder (August 2012). "USPS Defaults on $5.5 Billion Payment to Treasury". NPR. Archived from the original on December 12, 2021. Retrieved December 12, 2021.
^ "U.S. Postal Service Reports Revenue Increase, $5.5 Billion Loss in Fiscal 2014". USPS. November 14, 2014. Archived from the original on May 21, 2015. Retrieved June 8, 2015.
^ Katz, Eric (September 29, 2017). "USPS Defaults on Billions in Mandatory Payments, Despite Scheduled Relief". Government Executive. Archived from the original on December 12, 2021. Retrieved December 12, 2021.
^ Chaffetz, Jason (December 8, 2016). "Text – H.R.5714 – 114th Congress (2015–2016): Postal Service Reform Act of 2016". Congress.gov. Retrieved March 15, 2022.
^ Katz, Eric (February 5, 2020). "House Votes to End Controversial USPS Payments for Future Retirees' Health Care". Government Executive. Retrieved November 1, 2024.
^ DeFazio, Peter A. (February 10, 2020). "Text – H.R.2382 – 116th Congress (2019–2020): USPS Fairness Act". Congress.gov. Archived from the original on May 2, 2020. Retrieved March 15, 2022.
^ "Postal Service reform bill heads to Senate after strong bipartisan House vote". CBS News. February 9, 2022. Retrieved September 27, 2024.
^ Duryee, Tricia (July 16, 2014). "Amazon Sunday delivery: Key facts to know as USPS rolls out service nationally". GeekWire. Archived from the original on April 5, 2017. Retrieved January 28, 2017.
^ ^a ^b "Our Priority: Delivering for the Holidays". USPS. December 13, 2021. Archived from the original on May 30, 2023. Retrieved June 30, 2023.
^ "Postal Service to Deliver Packages on Sundays Before Christmas". NBC Chicago. December 14, 2013. Archived from the original on February 5, 2017. Retrieved February 4, 2017.
^ United States Postal Service (July 15, 2007). "Mailing Standards of the United States Postal Service, Domestic Mail Manual" (PDF). United States Postal Service. p. 1070. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 16, 2016. Retrieved July 9, 2019.
^ Knudson, Annalise (October 6, 2022). "United States Postal Service shares shipping deadlines for 2022 holiday season". silive. Retrieved April 29, 2024.
^ McGee, Caelan (November 26, 2023). "USPS ramping up efforts to handle holiday rush". ABC15 News. Retrieved April 29, 2024.
^ "Postal Service Delays Production Contract for New Mail Truck". May 12, 2020. Archived from the original on May 15, 2020. Retrieved May 15, 2020.
^ "U.S. Postal Service Awards Contract to Launch Multi-Billion-Dollar Modernization of Postal Delivery Vehicle Fleet". USPS. United States Postal Service. Archived from the original on October 4, 2021. Retrieved October 20, 2021.
^ Daly, Matthew (December 20, 2022). "Postal Service pledges move to all-electric delivery fleet". AP News. Retrieved August 16, 2023.
^ "Postal Facts 2010" (PDF). U.S. Postal Service. 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 28, 2010. Retrieved September 28, 2010.
^ Johnson, Erica (June 20, 2008). "Gas Prices Affecting Mail". Keloland Television. Archived from the original on April 19, 2014. Retrieved April 18, 2014.
^ USPS. "Rural Carrier – Right-Hand Drive Instructions" (PDF). USPS. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 9, 2019. Retrieved July 9, 2019.
^ Hartzell, Dan (June 22, 2009). "Mail trucks deliver without license". The Morning Call. Archived from the original on July 9, 2019. Retrieved July 9, 2019.
^ "The Postal Service pledges to move to an all-electric delivery fleet". Associated Press. December 20, 2022. Archived from the original on April 18, 2023 – via NPR.
^ States sue the U.S. Postal Service over its decision to buy gas-powered trucks
^ ^a ^b Bogage, Jacob (December 20, 2022). "Postal Service will electrify trucks by 2026 in climate win for Biden". Washington Post. Retrieved January 23, 2023.
^ ^a ^b Fuchs, Hailey (August 13, 2023). "Louis DeJoy: From Trump villain to Biden's clean energy buddy". Politico. Retrieved August 17, 2023.
^ Garrison, Joey (December 20, 2022). "Postal Service to electrify fleet by 2026 as part of President Biden's climate push". USA Today. Retrieved April 28, 2023.
^ ^a ^b Cohen, Li (March 1, 2023). "U.S. Postal Service starts nationwide electric vehicle fleet, buying 9,250 EVs and thousands of charging stations". CBS News. Retrieved March 30, 2023.
^ Calma, Justine (January 22, 2024). "The US Postal Service's new EV chargers are here". The Verge. Retrieved February 12, 2024.
^ Budryk, Zach (March 1, 2023). "USPS to purchase 9,000 electric vehicles, install 14,000 charging stations". The Hill. Retrieved March 30, 2023.
^ Heckman, Jory (February 6, 2024). "USPS outlines plan to 'aggressively' reduce carbon footprint by 2030". Federal News Network. Retrieved February 12, 2024.
^ King, Hazel (February 8, 2024). "USPS announces 2030 greenhouse gas emissions targets". Parcel and Postal Technology International. Retrieved February 12, 2024.
^ "The Topeka Capital-Journal Subscription Offers, Specials, and Discounts". subscribe.cjonline.com. Retrieved August 28, 2024.
^ Mendez • •, Jasmine (January 31, 2024). "Going electric: USPS fleet features pod-like vans to improve 'delivery networks'". NBC Los Angeles. Retrieved August 28, 2024.
^ Military Postal Service Agency (June 2008). "APO/FPO Guide for AAFES Suppliers – The USPS Relationship with Military Service Members" (PDF). Military Postal Service Agency. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 9, 2019. Retrieved July 9, 2019.
^ "Fiscal Year 2022 Annual Report to Congress" (PDF). United States Postal Service. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 5, 2023. Retrieved August 28, 2023.
^ "United States Postal Service FY2021 Annual Report to Congress" (PDF). United States Postal Service. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 2, 2017. Retrieved January 28, 2017.
^ "First-Class Mail Volume Since 1926" (PDF). USPS. March 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 23, 2018. Retrieved July 23, 2018.
^ ^a ^b "USPS – Area Mail Processing". USPS. 2009. Archived from the original on September 23, 2011. Retrieved August 4, 2009.
^ "2012 Annual Report to Congress and Comprehensive Statement". about.usps.com. Archived from the original on April 18, 2018. Retrieved January 25, 2018.
^ "Comprehensive Statement on Postal Operations 2008". USPS. 2008. Archived from the original on May 8, 2009. Retrieved August 4, 2009.
^ McElhatton, Jim "Postal Service Reports $8 billion in Losses" Archived September 30, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, The Washington Times, November 12, 2010, accessed August 4, 2011.
^ "NACS Magazine | Going Postal". Nacsonline.com. Archived from the original on October 30, 2013. Retrieved July 18, 2012.
^ Postal Service to Delay Cutbacks Until Mid-May, Staving Off Bankruptcy , Fox News. Accessed: December 13, 2011.
^ ^a ^b USPS. "Fact Sheet: Modified Network Realignment Plan" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on May 22, 2012. Retrieved September 27, 2012.
^ USPS (May 17, 2012). "Postal Service Moves Ahead with Modified Network Consolidation Plan". Archived from the original on October 3, 2012. Retrieved September 27, 2012.
^ ^a ^b "USPS Delivery Standards and Statistics fact sheet". USPS. March 23, 2015. Archived from the original on May 30, 2015. Retrieved June 8, 2015.
^ "Key facts on network rationalization". USPS. March 23, 2015. Archived from the original on May 30, 2015. Retrieved June 8, 2015.
^ Sanburn, Josh (April 12, 2013). "Post Office Keeps Saturday Delivery Thanks to Congress". Time Magazine. Archived from the original on May 25, 2015. Retrieved June 8, 2015.
^ ^a ^b USPS. "New Strategy to Preserve the Nation's Smallest Post Offices". Archived from the original on October 8, 2012. Retrieved September 27, 2012.
^ Hananel, Sam (January 19, 2014). "Unions Angered by Postal Service's Staples Outlets". ABC News. Associated Press. Archived from the original on January 20, 2014. Retrieved January 19, 2014.
^ Rein, Lisa (July 8, 2015). "USPS's controversial deal with Staples headed to showdown over legality". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on November 4, 2015. Retrieved July 8, 2015.
^ "Postmaster General/CEO John E. Potter Before the Subcommittee on Federal Financial Management" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on January 30, 2009. Retrieved January 28, 2009.
^ "Postal Accountability & Enhancement Act of 2006" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on December 1, 2008. Retrieved February 11, 2009.
^ "Text of the Postal Accountability and Enhancement Act". www.govtrack.us. United States Government. Archived from the original on December 10, 2014. Retrieved December 8, 2014.
^ Memmott, Mark (March 2, 2010). "Would You Miss Saturday Mail Delivery?". NPR. Retrieved September 9, 2022.
^ "Statement of Postmaster General/CEO John E. Potter Before the Committee on Government on Oversight & Government Reform United States House of Representatives & Subcommittee on Federal Workforce, Postal Service, and the District of Columbia" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on August 9, 2010. Retrieved April 15, 2010.
^ "Postal Service Announces New Delivery Schedule". United States Postal Service. Archived from the original on February 8, 2013. Retrieved February 6, 2013.
^ "U.S. Postal Service: Saturday letter delivery to end in August". CBS News. February 6, 2013. Archived from the original on January 2, 2016. Retrieved January 2, 2016.
^ "Postal Service to end Saturday mail delivery in bid to cut costs". Fox News. February 6, 2013. Archived from the original on January 2, 2016. Retrieved February 6, 2013.
^ "Statement from the U.S. Postal Service Board of Governors". April 10, 2013. Archived from the original on April 13, 2014. Retrieved April 9, 2014.
^ "Postal Civil Service Retirement System Funding Reform Act of 2003" (PDF). April 23, 2003. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 1, 2013. Retrieved April 26, 2012.
^ Barro, Josh (August 2, 2012). "Understanding the Post Office's Benefits Mess". Bloomberg. Bloomberg View. Archived from the original on May 25, 2015. Retrieved June 8, 2015.
^ "CSRS" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on May 11, 2013.
^ Peralta, Eyder (August 2012). "USPS Defaults on $5.5 Billion Payment to Treasury". NPR. Archived from the original on December 12, 2021. Retrieved December 12, 2021.
^ "U.S. Postal Service Reports Revenue Increase, $5.5 Billion Loss in Fiscal 2014". USPS. November 14, 2014. Archived from the original on May 21, 2015. Retrieved June 8, 2015.
^ Katz, Eric (September 29, 2017). "USPS Defaults on Billions in Mandatory Payments, Despite Scheduled Relief". Government Executive. Archived from the original on December 12, 2021. Retrieved December 12, 2021.
^ Chaffetz, Jason (December 8, 2016). "Text – H.R.5714 – 114th Congress (2015–2016): Postal Service Reform Act of 2016". Congress.gov. Retrieved March 15, 2022.
^ DeFazio, Peter A. (February 10, 2020). "Text – H.R.2382 – 116th Congress (2019–2020): USPS Fairness Act". Congress.gov. Archived from the original on May 2, 2020. Retrieved March 15, 2022.
^ Maloney, Carolyn B. (March 8, 2022). "Text – H.R.3076 – 117th Congress (2021–2022): Postal Service Reform Act of 2022". Congress.gov. Retrieved March 15, 2022.
^ LeBlanc, Paul (March 8, 2022). "What the USPS overhaul bill means for you". CNN. Archived from the original on March 15, 2022. Retrieved March 15, 2022.
^ Durkee, Alison (April 6, 2022). "Biden Signs Postal Service Reform Bill Into Law—Here's What It Means For Your Mail". Forbes. Archived from the original on April 6, 2022. Retrieved April 6, 2022.
^ Pence, Herbert (November 6, 2011). "Congress didn't do US Postal Service any favors". Nashua Telegraph. Archived from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved March 25, 2012.
^ Klapper, Bradley (December 24, 2013). "First-class stamps to cost 49 cents as of Jan. 26". USA Today. Archived from the original on August 12, 2015. Retrieved June 8, 2015.
^ ^a ^b "Notice 123 | Postal Explorer". pe.usps.com. Retrieved April 5, 2024.
^ "Text – S.1486 – 113th Congress (2013–2014): Postal Reform Act of 2014". US Congress. July 31, 2014. Archived from the original on October 16, 2015. Retrieved June 8, 2015.
^ "Text – H.R.2748 – 113th Congress (2013–2014): Postal Reform Act of 2013". US Congress. July 19, 2013. Archived from the original on October 16, 2015. Retrieved June 8, 2015.
^ Miga, Andrew (August 2, 2013). "USPS suggests lifting alcohol delivery ban". Spokesman-Review. Archived from the original on May 25, 2015. Retrieved June 8, 2015.
^ Liberto, Jennifer (July 23, 2013). "Postal Service moving away from at-your-door delivery". CNN. Archived from the original on October 16, 2015. Retrieved June 8, 2015.
^ "The Postal Service delivers the last mile, almost: Changing modes of delivery". Save the Post Office. June 10, 2013. Archived from the original on June 15, 2015. Retrieved June 8, 2015.
^ "S 1486 – Postal Reform Act of 2014". Scribd.com. August 1, 2013. Archived from the original on June 9, 2015. Retrieved June 8, 2015.
^ ^a ^b Miga, Andrew (August 2, 2013). "U.S. Postal Service Wants To Deliver Alcohol To Your Doorstep". HuffPost. Archived from the original on June 9, 2015. Retrieved June 8, 2015.
^ "U.S. Postal Service Testifies Before Congress Urging Elimination of Unfunded Liabilities". USPS. March 13, 2014. Archived from the original on June 8, 2015. Retrieved June 8, 2015.
^ ^a ^b Davidson, Joe (September 24, 2018). "Congressional opposition to Trump's postal cuts, privatization plan grows". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on August 14, 2020. Retrieved August 13, 2020.
^ Bogage, Jacob; Rein, Lisa (April 23, 2020). "Trump administration considers leveraging emergency coronavirus loan to force Postal Service changes". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on August 20, 2020. Retrieved August 15, 2020.
^ Mackenzie Dunn, "From Family Business to million dollar corporation, entrepreneur Louis DeJoy shares his success story" From Family Business to million dollar corporation, entrepreneur Louis DeJoy shares his success story Elon News Network 4/14/16
^ "Congress urges Postal Service to undo changes slowing mail". Associated Press. AP News. August 6, 2020. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved August 6, 2020.
^ Rappeport, Alan (May 7, 2020). "Postal Service Pick With Ties to Trump Raises Concerns Ahead of 2020 Election". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 11, 2023.
^ "Postal contracts awarded to DeJoy-run company were questioned in 2001 Postal Service audit". NBC News. September 14, 2020. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved September 14, 2020.
^ ^a ^b Izaguirre, Anthony; Slodysko, Brian (August 20, 2020). "Embattled postal leader is Trump donor with deep GOP ties". Associated Press. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved August 21, 2020.
^ ^a ^b Armus, Teo (August 17, 2020). "As the House demands an interview with Postal Service chief Louis DeJoy, protesters picket his homes". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved August 29, 2020.
^ Desiderio, Andrew; Levine, Marianne; Lippman, Daniel (August 21, 2020). "DeJoy defends proposed changes amid Postal Service furor". Politico. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved August 21, 2020.
^ Estes, Adam Clark (August 7, 2020). "What's wrong with the mail". Vox. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved August 11, 2020.
^ Pierce, Charles P. (August 10, 2020). "Destroying the Postal Service Is the Most Republican Thing Trump Has Ever Done". Esquire. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved August 11, 2020.
^ Bernstein, Andrea; Marritz, Ilya (May 26, 2017). "The President, His Business Partner, and the Fundraiser". WNYC. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved August 13, 2020.
^ Finnegan, Daniel (May 7, 2020). "Lead fundraiser for Charlotte RNC named postmaster general. He starts in June". Triad Business Journal. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved August 13, 2020.
^ Katz, Eric (July 20, 2020). "Looking to Cut Costs, New USPS Leader Takes Aim at Overtime and Late Trips". Government Executive. Archived from the original on July 27, 2020. Retrieved July 27, 2020.
^ Broadwater, Luke; Healy, Jack; Shear, Michael D.; Fuchs, Hailey (August 15, 2020). "Postal Crisis Ripples Across Nation as Election Looms". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 16, 2020. Retrieved August 15, 2020.
^ Bogage, Jacob (July 14, 2020). "Postal Service memos detail 'difficult' changes, including slower mail delivery". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on August 14, 2020. Retrieved August 15, 2020.
^ Gardner, Amy; Dawsey, Josh; Kane, Paul (August 13, 2020). "Trump opposes election aid for states and Postal Service bailout, threatening Nov. 3 vote". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on August 16, 2020. Retrieved August 14, 2020.
^ Gordon, Aaron (August 13, 2020). "The Post Office Is Deactivating Mail Sorting Machines Ahead of the Election". Vice. Archived from the original on August 16, 2020. Retrieved August 14, 2020.
^ Behrmann, Savannah (August 13, 2020). "What's going on with the post office? Here's what we know". USA Today. Archived from the original on August 15, 2020. Retrieved August 14, 2020.
^ Bogage, Jacob (August 14, 2020). "Postal Service will stop removing mailboxes". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on August 16, 2020. Retrieved August 15, 2020.
^ Segers, Grace (August 15, 2020). "U.S. Postal Service inspector general is investigating changes at post offices". CBS News. Archived from the original on August 15, 2020. Retrieved August 15, 2020.
^ Cochrane, Emily; Edmondson, Catie (August 16, 2020). "Pelosi to Recall House for Postal Service Vote as Democrats Press for DeJoy to Testify". The New York Times. Archived from the original on August 17, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.
^ Wallace, Danielle; Mears, Bill (August 17, 2020). "First in expected flood of lawsuits against USPS, Trump filed in NY federal court". Fox News. Archived from the original on August 17, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.
^ Bogage, Jacob (August 18, 2020). "Postmaster general announces he is 'suspending' policies that were blamed for causing mail delays". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on August 18, 2020. Retrieved August 18, 2020.
^ Gordon, Aaron (August 19, 2020). "DeJoy's USPS Policy Rollbacks Don't Appear to Change Much". Vice. Archived from the original on August 19, 2020. Retrieved August 20, 2020.
^ Pelosi, Nancy (August 19, 2020). "Earlier today, I spoke with Postmaster General DeJoy regarding his alleged pause in operational changes. During our conversation, he admitted he has no intention of replacing the sorting machines, blue mailboxes and other infrastructure that have been removed". Twitter. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved August 20, 2020.
^ "Highlights of $900 billion COVID-19 relief, wrapup bills". The Associated Press. December 21, 2020. Archived from the original on November 20, 2021. Retrieved April 13, 2022.
^ "Coronavirus makes voting by mail even more important". USA Today. June 15, 2020. Archived from the original on August 16, 2020. Retrieved August 14, 2020.
^ "A Record 76% of Americans Can Vote by Mail in 2020". The New York Times. August 14, 2020. Archived from the original on August 16, 2020. Retrieved August 14, 2020.
^ Phillips, Morgan (August 14, 2020). "USPS warns 46 states it cannot guarantee mail-in ballots will arrive in time for election". Fox News. Archived from the original on August 16, 2020. Retrieved August 15, 2020.
^ Sprunt, Barbara (August 13, 2020). "Trump Opposes Postal Service Funding But Says He'd Sign Bill Including It". NPR. Archived from the original on August 23, 2020. Retrieved August 14, 2020.
^ "S.4174 – Postal Service Emergency Assistance Act". Congress.gov. July 2, 2020. Retrieved December 6, 2021.
^ Mazzenga, David (January 22, 2021). "Commissioners seek remedy to postal delays". Tri-County Independent. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
^ ^a ^b Naylor, Brian (March 9, 2021). "Postal Service Delivered Vast Majority Of Mail Ballots On Time, Report Finds". NPR. Retrieved December 5, 2022.
^ "Service Performance of Election and Political Mail During the November 2020 General Election" (PDF). USPS Office of Inspector General. March 5, 2021. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 8, 2022. Retrieved December 5, 2022.
^ "New USPS election division will oversee mail-in ballots". Associated Press. July 28, 2022. Retrieved December 5, 2022.
^ ^a ^b Cortelessa, Eric (March 16, 2023). "Louis DeJoy's Surprising Second Act". Time Magazine. Retrieved May 29, 2024.
^ Heckman, Jory (May 30, 2022). "How USPS pulled off delivering 380 million COVID-19 tests". Federal News Network. Retrieved May 29, 2024.
^ Hauari, Gabe (March 8, 2024). "Free COVID tests: Why you can no longer order through government program via USPS delivery". USA Today. Retrieved May 29, 2024.
^ Tyko, Kelly (August 23, 2024). "Free at-home COVID test program to resume in September". Axios. Retrieved August 23, 2024.
^ "Free At-Home COVID-19 Tests".
^ Coleman, Kali (January 18, 2023). "USPS Is Making Even More Changes to Your Mail, as of Sunday". Yahoo. Archived from the original on January 22, 2023. Retrieved March 22, 2023.
^ Wilkerson, Rachel (March 24, 2021). "United States Postal Service to implement changes". WPMI. Retrieved March 22, 2023.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Baker, Elizabeth (September 20, 2023). "USPS to hire 10,000 seasonal employees to prepare for the holidays". Parcel & Postal Technology International. Retrieved September 25, 2023.
^ Lee, Ella (April 6, 2022). "USPS gets a financial overhaul: Here's what we know about the Postal Service Reform Act". USA Today. Retrieved October 11, 2023.
^ Jones, Erica (April 12, 2022). "U.S. Postal Service rolls out USPS Connect in Georgia". Dawson County News. Retrieved March 22, 2023.
^ Baker, Elizabeth (July 19, 2023). "USPS launches Ground Advantage shipping offering". Parcel And Postal Technology International. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
^ Frantz, Gary (November 1, 2022). "Shippers back in the driver's seat as parcel market growth softens". DC Velocity. Retrieved September 20, 2023.
^ Shepardson, David (April 27, 2023). "U.S. Postal Service shrinks forecast losses as it raises prices". Reuters. Retrieved May 22, 2023.
^ Katz, Eric (July 5, 2022). "This Is Where USPS Is Building Out Its First Mega-Centers This Year". Government Executive. Retrieved March 22, 2023.
^ Muccigrosso, Catherine; Nikouyeh, Khadejeh (November 14, 2023). "USPS opens one of the first mega-regional distribution centers near Charlotte". Charlotte Observer. Retrieved November 14, 2023.
^ Heckman, Jory (September 19, 2023). "USPS ends peak holiday surcharge as it cuts year-end demand for temporary hires". Federal News Network. Retrieved September 19, 2023.
^ ^a ^b Chappell, Bill (April 21, 2022). "Why your USPS mail package delivery is about to get slower". National Public Radio. Retrieved November 13, 2023.
^ Katz, Eric (November 30, 2020). "Regulator Finalizes Plan to Enable Larger USPS Rate Hikes". GovExec. Retrieved November 13, 2023.
^ Picchi, Aimee (October 9, 2023). "USPS proposes 5th postage hike since 2021 — a move critics call "unprecedented"". CBS News. Retrieved October 23, 2023.
^ Katz, Eric (May 10, 2023). "DeJoy Promises His USPS Plan Will Still Deliver, Despite Disappointing Numbers So Far". GovExec. Retrieved October 23, 2023.
^ Heckman, Jory (May 25, 2023). "DeJoy rebuffs USPS regulator considering more 'proactive' role in postal oversight". Federal News Network. Retrieved October 23, 2023.
^ United States Postal Serv. v. Flamingo Indus. (USA) Ltd., 540 U.S. 736 (2004).
^ Crew, Michael A.; Brennan, Timothy J (2014). The Role of the Postal and Delivery Sector in a Digital Age. Edward Elgar Pub. p. 16. ISBN 978-1-78254-633-7. Misconceptions surround the United States Postal Service's (USPS) current organizational structure...USPS, although clearly a federally owned entity, is not a state-owned enterprise (SOE) in the sense that this term is normally understood in the United States and in other advanced economies. It is instead an independent government organization (IGO) within the federal government, and thus lacks standard attributes of an SOE.
^ United States Postal Serv. v. Greenburgh Civic Ass'ns, 453 U.S. 114 (1981).
^ USPS.com Archived May 9, 2009, at the Wayback Machine. USPS.com (September 17, 2008). Retrieved July 8, 2011.
^ "City of Houston Annexation FAQ". City of Houston. October 31, 1996. Archived from the original on October 31, 1996. Retrieved August 3, 2022. The U.S. Postal Service establishes ZIP codes and mailing addresses[...]{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
^ ^a ^b Effron, Oliver (October 6, 2020). "Why the US Postal Service is in deep financial trouble". CNN Business. Retrieved June 10, 2024.
^ Popiel, Leslie Albrecht (February 7, 1995). "Republicans Eye US Postal Service For Privatization Push". The Christian Science Monitor. Archived from the original on October 17, 2020. Retrieved August 13, 2020.
^ Banker, Steve (December 29, 2017). "President Trump, Here's Why The Postal Service Is Charging Amazon 'So Little'". Forbes. Archived from the original on October 31, 2018. Retrieved October 31, 2018.
^ Gold, Michael, and Katie Rogers (March 29, 2018). "The Facts Behind Trump's Tweets on Amazon, Taxes and the Postal Service." Archived June 21, 2019, at the Wayback Machine The New York Times. Retrieved November 9, 2019.
^ Smith, Jennifer (June 22, 2018). "Trump's Fix for Postal Service: Privatize It". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on September 21, 2018. Retrieved October 31, 2018.
^ Graves, Lisa, The Billionaire Behind Efforts to Kill the U.S. Postal Service Archived August 22, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, In The Public Interest, July 2020
^ "ITPI – In The Public Interest". July 9, 2020. Archived from the original on August 5, 2020. Retrieved August 22, 2020.
^ Moyers, Bill, Bill Moyers Talks with Lisa Graves about the Ongoing Threat to the US Postal Service Archived August 22, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, Moyers on Democracy, August 19, 2020
^ "To Save the Postal Service, Bring It Online". Council on Foreign Relations. Archived from the original on December 9, 2021. Retrieved December 9, 2021.
^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on January 20, 2022. Retrieved December 5, 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^ "The Constitution of the United States: A Transcription". National Archives. November 4, 2015. Archived from the original on January 31, 2017. Retrieved January 28, 2017.
^ "Mission statement" (PDF). about.usps.com. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 12, 2019. Retrieved January 23, 2017.
^ ^a ^b "Report On Universal Postal Service and The Postal Monopoly" (PDF). USPS. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 19, 2016. Retrieved January 28, 2017.
^ Webb, Amy (June 12, 2013). "Why It's So Much Harder for the Government to Spy on Your Snail Mail Than Your Email". Slate. Archived from the original on December 4, 2019. Retrieved December 4, 2019.
^ Gilliland, Donald (May 25, 2019). "Perhaps we need the US Postal Service to restore trust in digital communication". The Hill. Archived from the original on December 4, 2019. Retrieved December 4, 2019.
^ Postal Service to renew Idaho back country mail route Archived March 15, 2012, at the Wayback Machine Alyson Outen, KTVB-TV, April 10, 2009
^ Minnick, Walt (May 7, 2009). "Idaho delegation gets reversal on backcountry mail delivery decision". Press Releases. Congressman Walt Minnick. Archived from the original on December 5, 2010. Retrieved July 1, 2013.
^ "Congress votes to keep USPS Saturday delivery". MSNBC. March 21, 2013. Archived from the original on December 9, 2021. Retrieved December 9, 2021.
^ "FedEx SmartPost Shipping & Tracking for Low Weight Packages". FedEx. Archived from the original on April 5, 2012. Retrieved April 11, 2012.
^ "UPS Mail Innovations – Overview". United Parcel Service. Archived from the original on May 5, 2012. Retrieved April 11, 2012.
^ "Priority Mail – USPS". www.usps.com. Archived from the original on September 1, 2013. Retrieved September 15, 2013.
^ "Priority Mail Express – USPS". www.usps.com. Archived from the original on January 26, 2017. Retrieved February 2, 2017.
^ "Amazon now delivers more US packages than FedEx". Quartz. Archived from the original on December 10, 2021. Retrieved December 10, 2021.
^ "Amazon Drone Delivery". Amazon. Archived from the original on May 28, 2019. Retrieved December 10, 2021.
^ "Telegraph: Early Postal Role" (PDF). Postal History. USPS. July 2008. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 31, 2013. Retrieved April 18, 2014.
^ "V-Mail" (PDF). Postal History. USPS. July 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 8, 2009. Retrieved July 8, 2011.
^ "E-COM, Electronic Computer Originated Mail" (PDF). USPS. July 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 8, 2009. Retrieved July 8, 2011.
^ "Intelligent Mail" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on August 30, 2012.
^ Geddes, Rick. "Do Vital Economists Reach a Policy Conclusion on Postal Reform?" (April 2004). econjournalwatch.org Archived October 28, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
^ "Neither Snow nor Sleet ... Can Dampen This Monopoly". Hoover Institution. Archived from the original on December 22, 2015. Retrieved January 2, 2016.
^ Sappington, David E. M.; Sidak, J. Gregory (2003). "Incentives for Anticompetitive Behavior by Public Enterprises" (PDF). Review of Industrial Organization. 22 (3): 183–206. doi:10.1023/A:1023607223501. S2CID 189900074. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 4, 2016. Retrieved July 20, 2015.
^ Sidak, J. Gregory (2015). "Maximizing the Postal Service's Profits from Competitive Products". Journal of Competition Law & Economics. 11 (3): 617. doi:10.1093/joclec/nhv026. Archived from the original on January 12, 2017.
^ Id.
^ Melendez, Steven (October 25, 2018.) "Suspicious Packages Spotlight Vast Postal Surveillance System." Archived May 11, 2019, at the Wayback Machine Fast Company. Retrieved November 9, 2019.
^ "History of USPIS". United States Postal Inspection Service. Archived from the original on April 27, 2021. Retrieved August 16, 2020.
^ Geddes, Rick (June 1, 2003). "Opportunities for Anticompetitive Behavior in Postal Services". American Enterprise Institute. Archived from the original on January 9, 2016. Retrieved January 2, 2016.
^ "Why Can't You Start a Rival Post Office?". November 19, 2010. Archived from the original on November 17, 2017. Retrieved November 16, 2017.
^ "Annual Report: FY 2014" (PDF). U.S. Postal Inspection Service. 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 31, 2019.
^ "Mailing Standards of the United States Postal Service". Domestic Mail Manual | Postal Explorer. USPS. April 1, 2024. Archived from the original on July 21, 2024. Retrieved July 25, 2024.
^ "§101: Physical Standards". Domestic Mail Manual | Postal Explorer. USPS. April 1, 2024. Archived from the original on May 8, 2024. Retrieved July 25, 2024.
^ "§601: Mailability". Domestic Mail Manual | Postal Explorer. USPS. April 1, 2024. Archived from the original on April 8, 2024. Retrieved July 25, 2024.
^ "Official USPS Abbreviations". Archived from the original on July 28, 2014. Retrieved November 10, 2024.
^ USPS postal addressing standards Archived August 28, 2005, at the Wayback Machine. Pe.usps.gov. Retrieved July 8, 2011.
^ "Zip". USPS. Archived from the original on December 22, 2016. Retrieved September 9, 2016.
^ "2004 Comprehensive Statement on Postal Operations Chapter 2 Postal Operations". USPS. Archived from the original on September 16, 2016. Retrieved September 9, 2016. 2004 Comprehensive Statement on Postal Operations Chapter 2 Postal Operations
^ USPS.com Archived July 23, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. USPS.com (November 26, 2008). Retrieved July 8, 2011.
^ USPS.com Archived July 1, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. USPS.com (November 26, 2008). Retrieved July 8, 2011.
^ New Prices Coming May 12, 2008 Archived August 4, 2015, at the Wayback Machine. Usps.com (November 26, 2008). Retrieved July 8, 2011.
^ Gibson, Kate (April 10, 2024). "Stamp prices poised to rise again, for the 2nd time this year - CBS News". CBS News. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on October 3, 2024. Retrieved October 3, 2024.
^ van Tilborg, Henk C. A. (2005). "Electronic Postage". Encyclopedia of cryptography and security. Springer. ISBN 978-0-387-23473-1. Archived from the original on January 2, 2016. Retrieved November 12, 2015.
^ Advanced Preparation and Special Postage Payment Systems – Manifest Mailing System – Electronic Verification System Archived April 30, 2008, at the Wayback Machine. Pe.usps.gov. Retrieved July 8, 2011.
^ "USPS Memo To Mailers – August 2006 "Making It E-Easy For High-Volume Shippers"". Archived from the original on August 22, 2006.
^ "Stamp Collecting: What other stamp materials can I collect?". United States Postal Service. Archived from the original on June 23, 2015. Retrieved July 6, 2015.
^ "Compendium of U.S. Copyright Office Practices, § 313.6(C)(1)" (PDF). United States Copyright Office. December 22, 2014. pp. 36–37. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 6, 2015. Retrieved July 6, 2015.
^ "Rights and Permission Overview". United States Postal Service. Archived from the original on September 24, 2011. Retrieved June 18, 2010.
^ "International Delivery Options". USPS. Archived from the original on September 18, 2010. Retrieved September 29, 2010.
^ USPS International Mail Manual, Issue 35 Archived November 21, 2008, at the Wayback Machine. Pe.usps.gov. Retrieved July 8, 2011.
^ First-Class Mail International. USPS (November 26, 2008). Retrieved July 8, 2011. Archived June 9, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
^ USPS.com Archived December 31, 2015, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved November 16, 2010.
^ USPS press release, June 8, 2004, Release No. 40, FedEx to deliver premium postal int'l service Archived May 8, 2009, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved October 10, 2007.
^ Styling for "M-bag" is inconsistent – the term is styled both as M-bag (with a hyphen) and M–bag (with an en-dash).
^ ^a ^b Postal Explorer>IMM Issue 37 – International Mail Manual > 2 Conditions for Mailing > 260 Direct Sacks of Printed Matter to One Addressee (M–bags) Archived August 17, 2016, at the Wayback Machine
^ "USPS Working Hour". May 31, 2019. Archived from the original on May 31, 2019. Retrieved May 31, 2019.
^ USPS FAQ – Mailing to military personnel. about.usps.com. Retrieved July 8, 2011.
^ USPS FAQ – Domestic Classes of Mail Estimated Delivery Time Archived April 10, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
^ ^a ^b "U.S. and Palau Agreement". US Department of the Interior. November 30, 2011. Archived from the original on September 6, 2015. Retrieved June 8, 2015.
^ "Under Construction". Mipsa.biz. Archived from the original on December 17, 2014. Retrieved June 8, 2015.
^ ^a ^b "FSM Communications". Government of the Federated States of Micronesia. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved June 8, 2015.
^ "USPS Domestic Mail Service Returns to the FSM and RMI". US Embassy in Kolonia. November 5, 2007. Archived from the original on July 21, 2015. Retrieved June 8, 2015.
^ "New Customs Declarations Label Requirements" (PDF). Postal Explorer - USPS. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 27, 2013. Retrieved April 14, 2014.
^ "USPS International Mail - Frequently Asked Questions". Archived from the original on September 29, 2007.
^ DWTripp. "USPS mail changes - international surface mail going away". BoardGameGeek "Chit Chat" forum. Archived from the original on March 10, 2017. Retrieved March 10, 2017. Internal newsletters detailed a huge loss for the USPS in the failed delivery of packages sent from the USA via surface. Since the USPS cannot dictate how scores of different countries handle surface mail, and since its agreements required the USPS to take back undeliverable parcels, the losses were mounting.
^ "Why nobody offers USPS International Surface Air Lift for international shipment?". BoardGameGeek "General Gaming" forum. Archived from the original on February 23, 2017. Retrieved February 23, 2017. The reason, probably, why no other dealers offer it: ... it is very difficult and time-consuming to do. Plus, there is no tracking, no insurance, and lots of complaints — as those packages can easily take 60 days to arrive.
^ hlmacdon (June 28, 2018). "Has anyone used Asendia Priority Tracked International Postage through Chit Chat?". eBay Canada "Seller Central" forum. Archived from the original on December 23, 2019. Retrieved December 23, 2019.
^ "International Mail Manual » International Surface Air Lift (ISAL) Service". United States Postal Service. Archived from the original on December 24, 2019. Retrieved December 24, 2019.
^ ^a ^b ^c Author unknown (date unknown). Direct Marketing Direct Mail. Allbusiness.com. Retrieved July 8, 2011 from "Equipment Scheduling at Mail Processing and Distribution Centers". Archived from the original on March 11, 2008. Retrieved April 4, 2009.
^ Wade, Madison (April 9, 2015). "Changes announced for Redding mail processing center". KRCR News Channel ABC 7. Redding: Bonten Media Group. Archived from the original on January 31, 2017. Retrieved January 19, 2017.
^ Benda, David (February 23, 2012). "Mail sorting facility will close; move will affect 90 jobs in Redding". Redding Record-Searchlight. Gannett. Archived from the original on January 31, 2017. Retrieved January 19, 2017.
^ Miga, Andrew (August 2, 2013). "AP Interview: Postal Service takes photos of all mail, keeps images for up to a month". Yahoo! News. Archived from the original on April 19, 2014. Retrieved April 18, 2014.
^ See, e.g., 39 CFR 121.1 et seq.
^ USPS.com. Retrieved July 8, 2011 from "Comprehensive Statement on Postal Operations 2008". Archived from the original on May 8, 2009. Retrieved March 31, 2009.
^ Katz, Eric (August 26, 2022). "USPS Lists Hundreds of Post Offices and Other Facilities Where It Will Consolidate Operations". Government Executive. Retrieved March 26, 2023.
^ Katz, Eric (September 14, 2023). "New, consolidated USPS facilities are operating smoothly, but not yet delivering on improved working conditions". Government Executive. Retrieved December 16, 2023.
^ "Address, Phone Number, Hours, Location for USPS by state in united states". Postal Offices. Retrieved September 24, 2022.
^ ^a ^b Publication 32 – Glossary of Postal Terms Archived May 8, 2009, at the Wayback Machine. (PDF). Retrieved July 8, 2011.
^ "Approved Postal Provider Programs". USPS. Archived from the original on March 8, 2022. Retrieved August 10, 2022.
^ "USPS VPO Fact Sheet" (PDF). usps.com. July 26, 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 5, 2011. Retrieved November 17, 2011.
^ "Fact Sheet: Processing Facilities" (PDF). USPS News Kit: Our Future Network (PDF). United States Postal Service. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 15, 2012. Retrieved June 27, 2013.
^ "USPS Postal News Release No. 08-063". usps.com. June 5, 2008. Archived from the original on May 11, 2009. Retrieved September 1, 2009.
^ Piper, Matthew. "The first and last of its kind, a Salt Lake City postal facility looks to grow". The Salt Lake Tribune. Archived from the original on February 2, 2017. Retrieved January 28, 2017.
^ "Handbook PO-101 Revision: Post Office Organization". about.usps.com. Retrieved November 14, 2024.
^ "Texas Federal Buildings:Galveston U.S. Post Office and Courthouse". General Services Administration. Archived from the original on November 17, 2009. Retrieved December 20, 2009.
^ USPS.com. Retrieved July 8, 2011 from "Comprehensive Statement on Postal Operations 2008". Archived from the original on May 9, 2009. Retrieved April 5, 2009.
^ "Lunewsviews.com". Lunewsviews.com. Archived from the original on August 2, 2012. Retrieved July 15, 2024.
^ Frost, Mary (August 2, 2013). "After complaints, DUMBO post office reopens". Brooklyn Eagle. Retrieved July 15, 2024.
^ Baadke, Michael (November 5, 2019). "U.S. self-service kiosks won't vend new Christmas labels in 2019". Linns Stamp News. Retrieved July 15, 2024.
^ "Lunewsviews.com". Lunewsviews.com. Archived from the original on March 24, 2012. Retrieved July 18, 2012.
^ "Postal Accountability And Enhancement Act § 302 Network Plan". Archived from the original on May 23, 2020. Retrieved May 5, 2020.
^ Where to Buy Stamps Archived September 3, 2018, at the Wayback Machine'
^ "Idaho delegation gets reversal on backcountry mail delivery decision". Press release. House.gov. May 7, 2009. Archived from the original on May 27, 2009. Retrieved July 8, 2013.
^ "Forward Mail | USPS". www.usps.com. Archived from the original on January 25, 2018. Retrieved January 25, 2018.
^ About.com, "Sunday Mail Service in a Christian Nation", Austin Cline, February 19, 2006 Archived September 6, 2008, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved October 10, 2007.
^ Garber, Megan (November 12, 2013). "The Unlikely Alliance That Ended Sunday Mail Delivery ... in 1912". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on February 14, 2017.
^ USPS – Express Mail Delivery Chart Archived September 29, 2007, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved October 10, 2007.
^ Historyorb.com Archived January 2, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, events April 13.
^ Historyorb.com Archived January 2, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, events April 15
^ ^a ^b "City Delivery" (PDF). Postal History. USPS. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved January 2, 2016.
^ Deliveries per Day Archived May 9, 2009, at the Wayback Machine. (PDF). Retrieved July 8, 2011.
^ Home Delivery Archived July 23, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. USPS (November 26, 2008). Retrieved July 8, 2011.
^ USPS FAQ – Caller Service, multiple pickups for a fee^{[dead link‍]}
^ USPS FAQ – Firm Holdout Service, free pickup once a day^{[dead link‍]}
^ USPS FAQ – Do I qualify for free box service? Archived March 24, 2012, at the Wayback Machine. Faq.usps.com (November 26, 2008). Retrieved July 8, 2011.^{[dead link‍]}
^ USPS FAQ – Hardship / Medical Problems Archived March 24, 2012, at the Wayback Machine. Faq.usps.com (November 26, 2008). Retrieved July 8, 2011.
^ USPS FAQ – Mail service available for the homeless Archived March 24, 2012, at the Wayback Machine. Faq.usps.com (November 26, 2008). Retrieved July 8, 2011.^{[dead link‍]}
^ "Post office tests same-day delivery". Associated Press. November 23, 2012. Archived from the original on June 29, 2017. Retrieved June 22, 2017.
^ Target (March 28, 2011). "USPS.com – Metro Post". Usps.com. Archived from the original on June 13, 2013. Retrieved March 24, 2013.
^ Corbin, Kenneth (January 14, 2013). "USPS Adding Retailers to Same Day Delivery Trial". EcommerceBytes.com. Archived from the original on January 20, 2013. Retrieved February 11, 2013.
^ Adinolfi, Joseph (November 14, 2013). "Terms Of Deal For US Postal Service (USPS) To Deliver Amazon (AMZN) Packages Not Revealed By USPS Or Amazon". International Business Times. Archived from the original on January 2, 2016. Retrieved June 8, 2015.
^ Bishop, Todd (May 7, 2014). "Amazon and USPS expand Sunday delivery to 15 more cities, will reach 'large portion' of U.S. this year". GeekWire. Archived from the original on February 23, 2015. Retrieved June 8, 2015.
^ "Standard Forward Mail & Change of Address". usps.com. Retrieved November 14, 2024.
^ USPS FAQ – Commercial Mail Receiving Agency (CMRA) Archived March 24, 2012, at the Wayback Machine. Faq.usps.com (November 26, 2008). Retrieved July 8, 2011.^{[dead link‍]}
^ Seal, Dean (April 18, 2022). "U.S. Postal Service to Slow First-Class Package Delivery". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved April 28, 2022.
^ Manfredi, Lucas (April 19, 2022). "US Postal Service to slow down nearly a third of first-class package deliveries". FOXBusiness. Retrieved April 28, 2022.
^ "Here's why packages might not arrive as quickly as they used to". Deseret News. April 25, 2022. Retrieved April 28, 2022.
^ Domestic Money Orders Archived July 23, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. USPS (November 26, 2008). Retrieved July 8, 2011.
^ "Postal Savings System by Historian, United States Postal Service, July 2008" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on January 14, 2012. Retrieved July 18, 2012.
^ "Providing Non-Bank Financial Services for the Underserved" (PDF). January 17, 2014. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 16, 2015. Retrieved May 16, 2014.
^ "2011 Postal Facts" (PDF). U.S. Postal Service. 2011. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 18, 2011. Retrieved November 17, 2011. – There is also a web version of the content Archived September 24, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
^ "Size and Scope". facts.usps.com. October 17, 2024. Retrieved October 17, 2024.
^ "U.S. Postal Service". Fortune. Archived from the original on May 23, 2020. Retrieved September 9, 2024.
^ Collective Bargaining Agreement between APWU and USPS
^ "IT/ASC & OS Employees". APWU. Archived from the original on February 12, 2016. Retrieved April 25, 2016.
^ "Postal service to slash more than 3,000 jobs, offer early retirements". CNN. March 20, 2009. Archived from the original on April 10, 2010. Retrieved May 26, 2010.
^ "Human Resources". About.usps.com. Archived from the original on June 27, 2013. Retrieved March 24, 2013.
^ USPS Commission on a Safe and Secure Workplace, January 31, 2006 Archived June 29, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved October 10, 2007.
^ Vick, Karl, "Violence at work tied to loss of esteem", St. Petersburg Times, December 17, 1993
^ "The Year in Review 1993", Los Angeles Times, December 31, 1993
^ "The Simpsons Episode Scripts: AABF08 – Sunday, Cruddy Sunday". Springfieldspringfield.co.uk. Archived from the original on July 25, 2015. Retrieved June 8, 2015.
^ "43 Firearms | Postal Explorer". pe.usps.com. Archived from the original on January 26, 2018. Retrieved January 25, 2018.

External links

Official website
United States Postal Service in the Federal Register

[usps_history-1] "On This Day in Postal History: Notable Events by Month/Day/Year" (PDF). United States Postal Service. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 2, 2020. Retrieved August 16, 2020.

[2] "Who We Are: Leadership". United States Postal Service. Archived from the original on August 15, 2020. Retrieved August 16, 2020.

[USPS_SizeAndScope-3] "Size and scope". United States Postal Service. Archived from the original on July 20, 2023. Retrieved September 12, 2023.

[USPSFY23-4] "Fiscal Year 2023 Annual Report to Congress" (PDF). United States Postal Service. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 3, 2024. Retrieved January 25, 2024.

[2008_Postal_Monopoly_webpage-5] "Report on Universal Postal Service and the Postal Monopoly". USPS. Archived from the original on October 8, 2021. Retrieved October 20, 2021.

[6] "Information About Restrictions on Mailbox Access" (PDF). United States General Accounting Office. May 30, 1997. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 24, 2017. Retrieved April 16, 2020.

[USPS_USO_Monopoly_brief_history-7] "Universal Service and the Postal Monopoly: A Brief History" (PDF). The United States Postal Service. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 24, 2013. Retrieved February 11, 2013.

[8] "Benjamin Franklin. World of Influence. Man of Letters | PBS". www.pbs.org. Archived from the original on November 27, 2020. Retrieved March 11, 2021.

[9] Postal Reorganization Act, Pub. Law No. 91-375, 84 Stat. 719, at 720 (August 12, 1970), codified at 39 U.S.C. § 201.

[PBS_5_things-10] "The U.S. Postal Service; PBS". PBS. November 13, 2011. Archived from the original on October 14, 2019. Retrieved December 1, 2013.

[11] Modarressi, Matin. ""Our American Credo": The US Post Office and the Cold War". www.wilsoncenter.org. The Wilson Center. Retrieved April 1, 2024.

[12] "The Great 1970 Mail Strike that Stunned the Country". Labor History Articles. American Postal Workers Union. March 2017. Archived from the original on April 22, 2019. Retrieved April 22, 2019.

[13] Boyd, Deanna; Chen, Kendra (2019). "Postal Strike and Reorganization: Reinventing the System". The History and Experience of African Americans in America's Postal Service. National Postal Museum. Archived from the original on August 1, 2018. Retrieved April 22, 2019.

[14] Piazza, Daniel (April 15, 2008). "8-cent Postal Service Emblem". Smithsonian National Postal Museum. Archived from the original on March 6, 2016. Retrieved April 22, 2019.

[Lee-15] Lee, Ella (April 6, 2022). "USPS gets a financial overhaul: Here's what we know about the Postal Service Reform Act". USA Today. Retrieved September 27, 2024.

[Bogage-16] Bogage, Jason (February 8, 2022). "House Republicans and Democrats agree on $57 billion USPS overhaul". The Washington Post. Retrieved September 27, 2024.

[17] Peralta, Eyder (August 2012). "USPS Defaults on $5.5 Billion Payment to Treasury". NPR. Archived from the original on December 12, 2021. Retrieved December 12, 2021.

[18] "U.S. Postal Service Reports Revenue Increase, $5.5 Billion Loss in Fiscal 2014". USPS. November 14, 2014. Archived from the original on May 21, 2015. Retrieved June 8, 2015.

[19] Katz, Eric (September 29, 2017). "USPS Defaults on Billions in Mandatory Payments, Despite Scheduled Relief". Government Executive. Archived from the original on December 12, 2021. Retrieved December 12, 2021.

[20] Chaffetz, Jason (December 8, 2016). "Text – H.R.5714 – 114th Congress (2015–2016): Postal Service Reform Act of 2016". Congress.gov. Retrieved March 15, 2022.

[21] Katz, Eric (February 5, 2020). "House Votes to End Controversial USPS Payments for Future Retirees' Health Care". Government Executive. Retrieved November 1, 2024.

[22] DeFazio, Peter A. (February 10, 2020). "Text – H.R.2382 – 116th Congress (2019–2020): USPS Fairness Act". Congress.gov. Archived from the original on May 2, 2020. Retrieved March 15, 2022.

[CBS-PSRA-23] "Postal Service reform bill heads to Senate after strong bipartisan House vote". CBS News. February 9, 2022. Retrieved September 27, 2024.

[24] Duryee, Tricia (July 16, 2014). "Amazon Sunday delivery: Key facts to know as USPS rolls out service nationally". GeekWire. Archived from the original on April 5, 2017. Retrieved January 28, 2017.

[:1-25] "Our Priority: Delivering for the Holidays". USPS. December 13, 2021. Archived from the original on May 30, 2023. Retrieved June 30, 2023.

[26] "Postal Service to Deliver Packages on Sundays Before Christmas". NBC Chicago. December 14, 2013. Archived from the original on February 5, 2017. Retrieved February 4, 2017.

[27] United States Postal Service (July 15, 2007). "Mailing Standards of the United States Postal Service, Domestic Mail Manual" (PDF). United States Postal Service. p. 1070. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 16, 2016. Retrieved July 9, 2019.

[Knudson-28] Knudson, Annalise (October 6, 2022). "United States Postal Service shares shipping deadlines for 2022 holiday season". silive. Retrieved April 29, 2024.

[McGee-29] McGee, Caelan (November 26, 2023). "USPS ramping up efforts to handle holiday rush". ABC15 News. Retrieved April 29, 2024.

[30] "Postal Service Delays Production Contract for New Mail Truck". May 12, 2020. Archived from the original on May 15, 2020. Retrieved May 15, 2020.

[LLV_replacement_contract-31] "U.S. Postal Service Awards Contract to Launch Multi-Billion-Dollar Modernization of Postal Delivery Vehicle Fleet". USPS. United States Postal Service. Archived from the original on October 4, 2021. Retrieved October 20, 2021.

[32] Daly, Matthew (December 20, 2022). "Postal Service pledges move to all-electric delivery fleet". AP News. Retrieved August 16, 2023.

[33] "Postal Facts 2010" (PDF). U.S. Postal Service. 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 28, 2010. Retrieved September 28, 2010.

[34] Johnson, Erica (June 20, 2008). "Gas Prices Affecting Mail". Keloland Television. Archived from the original on April 19, 2014. Retrieved April 18, 2014.

[35] USPS. "Rural Carrier – Right-Hand Drive Instructions" (PDF). USPS. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 9, 2019. Retrieved July 9, 2019.

[36] Hartzell, Dan (June 22, 2009). "Mail trucks deliver without license". The Morning Call. Archived from the original on July 9, 2019. Retrieved July 9, 2019.

[all-electric-37] "The Postal Service pledges to move to an all-electric delivery fleet". Associated Press. December 20, 2022. Archived from the original on April 18, 2023 – via NPR.

[38] States sue the U.S. Postal Service over its decision to buy gas-powered trucks

[WaPo3-39] Bogage, Jacob (December 20, 2022). "Postal Service will electrify trucks by 2026 in climate win for Biden". Washington Post. Retrieved January 23, 2023.

[PoliticoEV-40] Fuchs, Hailey (August 13, 2023). "Louis DeJoy: From Trump villain to Biden's clean energy buddy". Politico. Retrieved August 17, 2023.

[41] Garrison, Joey (December 20, 2022). "Postal Service to electrify fleet by 2026 as part of President Biden's climate push". USA Today. Retrieved April 28, 2023.

[CBSNewsEV-42] Cohen, Li (March 1, 2023). "U.S. Postal Service starts nationwide electric vehicle fleet, buying 9,250 EVs and thousands of charging stations". CBS News. Retrieved March 30, 2023.

[VergeEV-43] Calma, Justine (January 22, 2024). "The US Postal Service's new EV chargers are here". The Verge. Retrieved February 12, 2024.

[TheHillEV-44] Budryk, Zach (March 1, 2023). "USPS to purchase 9,000 electric vehicles, install 14,000 charging stations". The Hill. Retrieved March 30, 2023.

[FNNSustainability-45] Heckman, Jory (February 6, 2024). "USPS outlines plan to 'aggressively' reduce carbon footprint by 2030". Federal News Network. Retrieved February 12, 2024.

[PPTISustainability-46] King, Hazel (February 8, 2024). "USPS announces 2030 greenhouse gas emissions targets". Parcel and Postal Technology International. Retrieved February 12, 2024.

[47] "The Topeka Capital-Journal Subscription Offers, Specials, and Discounts". subscribe.cjonline.com. Retrieved August 28, 2024.

[48] Mendez • •, Jasmine (January 31, 2024). "Going electric: USPS fleet features pod-like vans to improve 'delivery networks'". NBC Los Angeles. Retrieved August 28, 2024.

[49] Military Postal Service Agency (June 2008). "APO/FPO Guide for AAFES Suppliers – The USPS Relationship with Military Service Members" (PDF). Military Postal Service Agency. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 9, 2019. Retrieved July 9, 2019.

[USPSFY22-50] "Fiscal Year 2022 Annual Report to Congress" (PDF). United States Postal Service. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 5, 2023. Retrieved August 28, 2023.

[:2-51] "United States Postal Service FY2021 Annual Report to Congress" (PDF). United States Postal Service. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 2, 2017. Retrieved January 28, 2017.

[52] "First-Class Mail Volume Since 1926" (PDF). USPS. March 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 23, 2018. Retrieved July 23, 2018.

[amp-53] "USPS – Area Mail Processing". USPS. 2009. Archived from the original on September 23, 2011. Retrieved August 4, 2009.

[54] "2012 Annual Report to Congress and Comprehensive Statement". about.usps.com. Archived from the original on April 18, 2018. Retrieved January 25, 2018.

[strategicplanning-55] "Comprehensive Statement on Postal Operations 2008". USPS. 2008. Archived from the original on May 8, 2009. Retrieved August 4, 2009.

[56] McElhatton, Jim "Postal Service Reports $8 billion in Losses" Archived September 30, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, The Washington Times, November 12, 2010, accessed August 4, 2011.

[57] "NACS Magazine | Going Postal". Nacsonline.com. Archived from the original on October 30, 2013. Retrieved July 18, 2012.

[58] Postal Service to Delay Cutbacks Until Mid-May, Staving Off Bankruptcy , Fox News. Accessed: December 13, 2011.

[USPS_plan-59] USPS. "Fact Sheet: Modified Network Realignment Plan" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on May 22, 2012. Retrieved September 27, 2012.

[60] USPS (May 17, 2012). "Postal Service Moves Ahead with Modified Network Consolidation Plan". Archived from the original on October 3, 2012. Retrieved September 27, 2012.

[jan2015-61] "USPS Delivery Standards and Statistics fact sheet". USPS. March 23, 2015. Archived from the original on May 30, 2015. Retrieved June 8, 2015.

[62] "Key facts on network rationalization". USPS. March 23, 2015. Archived from the original on May 30, 2015. Retrieved June 8, 2015.

[63] Sanburn, Josh (April 12, 2013). "Post Office Keeps Saturday Delivery Thanks to Congress". Time Magazine. Archived from the original on May 25, 2015. Retrieved June 8, 2015.

[pr12_054-64] USPS. "New Strategy to Preserve the Nation's Smallest Post Offices". Archived from the original on October 8, 2012. Retrieved September 27, 2012.

[65] Hananel, Sam (January 19, 2014). "Unions Angered by Postal Service's Staples Outlets". ABC News. Associated Press. Archived from the original on January 20, 2014. Retrieved January 19, 2014.

[66] Rein, Lisa (July 8, 2015). "USPS's controversial deal with Staples headed to showdown over legality". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on November 4, 2015. Retrieved July 8, 2015.

[67] "Postmaster General/CEO John E. Potter Before the Subcommittee on Federal Financial Management" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on January 30, 2009. Retrieved January 28, 2009.

[68] "Postal Accountability & Enhancement Act of 2006" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on December 1, 2008. Retrieved February 11, 2009.

[69] "Text of the Postal Accountability and Enhancement Act". www.govtrack.us. United States Government. Archived from the original on December 10, 2014. Retrieved December 8, 2014.

[70] Memmott, Mark (March 2, 2010). "Would You Miss Saturday Mail Delivery?". NPR. Retrieved September 9, 2022.

[71] "Statement of Postmaster General/CEO John E. Potter Before the Committee on Government on Oversight & Government Reform United States House of Representatives & Subcommittee on Federal Workforce, Postal Service, and the District of Columbia" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on August 9, 2010. Retrieved April 15, 2010.

[USPS_No_Saturday-72] "Postal Service Announces New Delivery Schedule". United States Postal Service. Archived from the original on February 8, 2013. Retrieved February 6, 2013.

[CBS_end_Saturday-73] "U.S. Postal Service: Saturday letter delivery to end in August". CBS News. February 6, 2013. Archived from the original on January 2, 2016. Retrieved January 2, 2016.

[74] "Postal Service to end Saturday mail delivery in bid to cut costs". Fox News. February 6, 2013. Archived from the original on January 2, 2016. Retrieved February 6, 2013.

[about.usps.com-75] "Statement from the U.S. Postal Service Board of Governors". April 10, 2013. Archived from the original on April 13, 2014. Retrieved April 9, 2014.

[law_text-76] "Postal Civil Service Retirement System Funding Reform Act of 2003" (PDF). April 23, 2003. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 1, 2013. Retrieved April 26, 2012.

[77] Barro, Josh (August 2, 2012). "Understanding the Post Office's Benefits Mess". Bloomberg. Bloomberg View. Archived from the original on May 25, 2015. Retrieved June 8, 2015.

[78] "CSRS" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on May 11, 2013.

[79] Peralta, Eyder (August 2012). "USPS Defaults on $5.5 Billion Payment to Treasury". NPR. Archived from the original on December 12, 2021. Retrieved December 12, 2021.

[80] "U.S. Postal Service Reports Revenue Increase, $5.5 Billion Loss in Fiscal 2014". USPS. November 14, 2014. Archived from the original on May 21, 2015. Retrieved June 8, 2015.

[81] Katz, Eric (September 29, 2017). "USPS Defaults on Billions in Mandatory Payments, Despite Scheduled Relief". Government Executive. Archived from the original on December 12, 2021. Retrieved December 12, 2021.

[82] Chaffetz, Jason (December 8, 2016). "Text – H.R.5714 – 114th Congress (2015–2016): Postal Service Reform Act of 2016". Congress.gov. Retrieved March 15, 2022.

[83] DeFazio, Peter A. (February 10, 2020). "Text – H.R.2382 – 116th Congress (2019–2020): USPS Fairness Act". Congress.gov. Archived from the original on May 2, 2020. Retrieved March 15, 2022.

[84] Maloney, Carolyn B. (March 8, 2022). "Text – H.R.3076 – 117th Congress (2021–2022): Postal Service Reform Act of 2022". Congress.gov. Retrieved March 15, 2022.

[85] LeBlanc, Paul (March 8, 2022). "What the USPS overhaul bill means for you". CNN. Archived from the original on March 15, 2022. Retrieved March 15, 2022.

[86] Durkee, Alison (April 6, 2022). "Biden Signs Postal Service Reform Bill Into Law—Here's What It Means For Your Mail". Forbes. Archived from the original on April 6, 2022. Retrieved April 6, 2022.

[87] Pence, Herbert (November 6, 2011). "Congress didn't do US Postal Service any favors". Nashua Telegraph. Archived from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved March 25, 2012.

[usatoday1-88] Klapper, Bradley (December 24, 2013). "First-class stamps to cost 49 cents as of Jan. 26". USA Today. Archived from the original on August 12, 2015. Retrieved June 8, 2015.

[Notice_123-89] "Notice 123 | Postal Explorer". pe.usps.com. Retrieved April 5, 2024.

[90] "Text – S.1486 – 113th Congress (2013–2014): Postal Reform Act of 2014". US Congress. July 31, 2014. Archived from the original on October 16, 2015. Retrieved June 8, 2015.

[91] "Text – H.R.2748 – 113th Congress (2013–2014): Postal Reform Act of 2013". US Congress. July 19, 2013. Archived from the original on October 16, 2015. Retrieved June 8, 2015.

[92] Miga, Andrew (August 2, 2013). "USPS suggests lifting alcohol delivery ban". Spokesman-Review. Archived from the original on May 25, 2015. Retrieved June 8, 2015.

[93] Liberto, Jennifer (July 23, 2013). "Postal Service moving away from at-your-door delivery". CNN. Archived from the original on October 16, 2015. Retrieved June 8, 2015.

[94] "The Postal Service delivers the last mile, almost: Changing modes of delivery". Save the Post Office. June 10, 2013. Archived from the original on June 15, 2015. Retrieved June 8, 2015.

[95] "S 1486 – Postal Reform Act of 2014". Scribd.com. August 1, 2013. Archived from the original on June 9, 2015. Retrieved June 8, 2015.

[hpo-96] Miga, Andrew (August 2, 2013). "U.S. Postal Service Wants To Deliver Alcohol To Your Doorstep". HuffPost. Archived from the original on June 9, 2015. Retrieved June 8, 2015.

[97] "U.S. Postal Service Testifies Before Congress Urging Elimination of Unfunded Liabilities". USPS. March 13, 2014. Archived from the original on June 8, 2015. Retrieved June 8, 2015.

[privatize-98] Davidson, Joe (September 24, 2018). "Congressional opposition to Trump's postal cuts, privatization plan grows". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on August 14, 2020. Retrieved August 13, 2020.

[WaPo_Bogage_20200423-99] Bogage, Jacob; Rein, Lisa (April 23, 2020). "Trump administration considers leveraging emergency coronavirus loan to force Postal Service changes". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on August 20, 2020. Retrieved August 15, 2020.

[100] Mackenzie Dunn, "From Family Business to million dollar corporation, entrepreneur Louis DeJoy shares his success story" From Family Business to million dollar corporation, entrepreneur Louis DeJoy shares his success story Elon News Network 4/14/16

[congress_urges_2020_08_06_ap_archive_org-101] "Congress urges Postal Service to undo changes slowing mail". Associated Press. AP News. August 6, 2020. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved August 6, 2020.

[102] Rappeport, Alan (May 7, 2020). "Postal Service Pick With Ties to Trump Raises Concerns Ahead of 2020 Election". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 11, 2023.

[contracts_questioned_2020_16_11_nbc_news-103] "Postal contracts awarded to DeJoy-run company were questioned in 2001 Postal Service audit". NBC News. September 14, 2020. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved September 14, 2020.

[embattled_2020_08_20_apnews_com-104] Izaguirre, Anthony; Slodysko, Brian (August 20, 2020). "Embattled postal leader is Trump donor with deep GOP ties". Associated Press. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved August 21, 2020.

[house_demands_2020_08_17_washpost-105] Armus, Teo (August 17, 2020). "As the House demands an interview with Postal Service chief Louis DeJoy, protesters picket his homes". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved August 29, 2020.

[dejoy_defends20200821politico-106] Desiderio, Andrew; Levine, Marianne; Lippman, Daniel (August 21, 2020). "DeJoy defends proposed changes amid Postal Service furor". Politico. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved August 21, 2020.

[whats_wrong_2020_08_07_vox-107] Estes, Adam Clark (August 7, 2020). "What's wrong with the mail". Vox. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved August 11, 2020.

[108] Pierce, Charles P. (August 10, 2020). "Destroying the Postal Service Is the Most Republican Thing Trump Has Ever Done". Esquire. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved August 11, 2020.

[pres_partner_fundraiser_2017_05_26_wnyc_org-109] Bernstein, Andrea; Marritz, Ilya (May 26, 2017). "The President, His Business Partner, and the Fundraiser". WNYC. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved August 13, 2020.

[lead_fundraiser_2020_05_07_bizjournals_archive_org-110] Finnegan, Daniel (May 7, 2020). "Lead fundraiser for Charlotte RNC named postmaster general. He starts in June". Triad Business Journal. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved August 13, 2020.

[111] Katz, Eric (July 20, 2020). "Looking to Cut Costs, New USPS Leader Takes Aim at Overtime and Late Trips". Government Executive. Archived from the original on July 27, 2020. Retrieved July 27, 2020.

[NYT_Broadwater_20200815-112] Broadwater, Luke; Healy, Jack; Shear, Michael D.; Fuchs, Hailey (August 15, 2020). "Postal Crisis Ripples Across Nation as Election Looms". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 16, 2020. Retrieved August 15, 2020.

[WaPo_Bogage_20200714-113] Bogage, Jacob (July 14, 2020). "Postal Service memos detail 'difficult' changes, including slower mail delivery". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on August 14, 2020. Retrieved August 15, 2020.

[114] Gardner, Amy; Dawsey, Josh; Kane, Paul (August 13, 2020). "Trump opposes election aid for states and Postal Service bailout, threatening Nov. 3 vote". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on August 16, 2020. Retrieved August 14, 2020.

[115] Gordon, Aaron (August 13, 2020). "The Post Office Is Deactivating Mail Sorting Machines Ahead of the Election". Vice. Archived from the original on August 16, 2020. Retrieved August 14, 2020.

[116] Behrmann, Savannah (August 13, 2020). "What's going on with the post office? Here's what we know". USA Today. Archived from the original on August 15, 2020. Retrieved August 14, 2020.

[117] Bogage, Jacob (August 14, 2020). "Postal Service will stop removing mailboxes". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on August 16, 2020. Retrieved August 15, 2020.

[118] Segers, Grace (August 15, 2020). "U.S. Postal Service inspector general is investigating changes at post offices". CBS News. Archived from the original on August 15, 2020. Retrieved August 15, 2020.

[Pelosi-119] Cochrane, Emily; Edmondson, Catie (August 16, 2020). "Pelosi to Recall House for Postal Service Vote as Democrats Press for DeJoy to Testify". The New York Times. Archived from the original on August 17, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.

[120] Wallace, Danielle; Mears, Bill (August 17, 2020). "First in expected flood of lawsuits against USPS, Trump filed in NY federal court". Fox News. Archived from the original on August 17, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.

[121] Bogage, Jacob (August 18, 2020). "Postmaster general announces he is 'suspending' policies that were blamed for causing mail delays". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on August 18, 2020. Retrieved August 18, 2020.

[122] Gordon, Aaron (August 19, 2020). "DeJoy's USPS Policy Rollbacks Don't Appear to Change Much". Vice. Archived from the original on August 19, 2020. Retrieved August 20, 2020.

[123] Pelosi, Nancy (August 19, 2020). "Earlier today, I spoke with Postmaster General DeJoy regarding his alleged pause in operational changes. During our conversation, he admitted he has no intention of replacing the sorting machines, blue mailboxes and other infrastructure that have been removed". Twitter. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved August 20, 2020.

[124] "Highlights of $900 billion COVID-19 relief, wrapup bills". The Associated Press. December 21, 2020. Archived from the original on November 20, 2021. Retrieved April 13, 2022.

[125] "Coronavirus makes voting by mail even more important". USA Today. June 15, 2020. Archived from the original on August 16, 2020. Retrieved August 14, 2020.

[126] "A Record 76% of Americans Can Vote by Mail in 2020". The New York Times. August 14, 2020. Archived from the original on August 16, 2020. Retrieved August 14, 2020.

[127] Phillips, Morgan (August 14, 2020). "USPS warns 46 states it cannot guarantee mail-in ballots will arrive in time for election". Fox News. Archived from the original on August 16, 2020. Retrieved August 15, 2020.

[128] Sprunt, Barbara (August 13, 2020). "Trump Opposes Postal Service Funding But Says He'd Sign Bill Including It". NPR. Archived from the original on August 23, 2020. Retrieved August 14, 2020.

[USCongress20-129] "S.4174 – Postal Service Emergency Assistance Act". Congress.gov. July 2, 2020. Retrieved December 6, 2021.

[TCI21-130] Mazzenga, David (January 22, 2021). "Commissioners seek remedy to postal delays". Tri-County Independent. Retrieved March 2, 2023.

[NPR21-131] Naylor, Brian (March 9, 2021). "Postal Service Delivered Vast Majority Of Mail Ballots On Time, Report Finds". NPR. Retrieved December 5, 2022.

[USPS21-132] "Service Performance of Election and Political Mail During the November 2020 General Election" (PDF). USPS Office of Inspector General. March 5, 2021. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 8, 2022. Retrieved December 5, 2022.

[AP22-133] "New USPS election division will oversee mail-in ballots". Associated Press. July 28, 2022. Retrieved December 5, 2022.

[Time23-134] Cortelessa, Eric (March 16, 2023). "Louis DeJoy's Surprising Second Act". Time Magazine. Retrieved May 29, 2024.

[FNN22-135] Heckman, Jory (May 30, 2022). "How USPS pulled off delivering 380 million COVID-19 tests". Federal News Network. Retrieved May 29, 2024.

[Hauari-136] Hauari, Gabe (March 8, 2024). "Free COVID tests: Why you can no longer order through government program via USPS delivery". USA Today. Retrieved May 29, 2024.

[137] Tyko, Kelly (August 23, 2024). "Free at-home COVID test program to resume in September". Axios. Retrieved August 23, 2024.

[138] "Free At-Home COVID-19 Tests".

[Yahoo23-139] Coleman, Kali (January 18, 2023). "USPS Is Making Even More Changes to Your Mail, as of Sunday". Yahoo. Archived from the original on January 22, 2023. Retrieved March 22, 2023.

[LocalNBC21-140] Wilkerson, Rachel (March 24, 2021). "United States Postal Service to implement changes". WPMI. Retrieved March 22, 2023.

[PPTI23Investment-141] Baker, Elizabeth (September 20, 2023). "USPS to hire 10,000 seasonal employees to prepare for the holidays". Parcel & Postal Technology International. Retrieved September 25, 2023.

[USAToday22PSRA-142] Lee, Ella (April 6, 2022). "USPS gets a financial overhaul: Here's what we know about the Postal Service Reform Act". USA Today. Retrieved October 11, 2023.

[DCN22-143] Jones, Erica (April 12, 2022). "U.S. Postal Service rolls out USPS Connect in Georgia". Dawson County News. Retrieved March 22, 2023.

[PPTI23-144] Baker, Elizabeth (July 19, 2023). "USPS launches Ground Advantage shipping offering". Parcel And Postal Technology International. Retrieved July 19, 2023.

[DCVelocityFrantz-145] Frantz, Gary (November 1, 2022). "Shippers back in the driver's seat as parcel market growth softens". DC Velocity. Retrieved September 20, 2023.

[Reuters23-146] Shepardson, David (April 27, 2023). "U.S. Postal Service shrinks forecast losses as it raises prices". Reuters. Retrieved May 22, 2023.

[GovExec22-147] Katz, Eric (July 5, 2022). "This Is Where USPS Is Building Out Its First Mega-Centers This Year". Government Executive. Retrieved March 22, 2023.

[CharlotteObserver23-148] Muccigrosso, Catherine; Nikouyeh, Khadejeh (November 14, 2023). "USPS opens one of the first mega-regional distribution centers near Charlotte". Charlotte Observer. Retrieved November 14, 2023.

[FNNConversion-149] Heckman, Jory (September 19, 2023). "USPS ends peak holiday surcharge as it cuts year-end demand for temporary hires". Federal News Network. Retrieved September 19, 2023.

[NPRServiceTimes-150] Chappell, Bill (April 21, 2022). "Why your USPS mail package delivery is about to get slower". National Public Radio. Retrieved November 13, 2023.

[GoveExecPRCruling-151] Katz, Eric (November 30, 2020). "Regulator Finalizes Plan to Enable Larger USPS Rate Hikes". GovExec. Retrieved November 13, 2023.

[CBSRateHikes-152] Picchi, Aimee (October 9, 2023). "USPS proposes 5th postage hike since 2021 — a move critics call "unprecedented"". CBS News. Retrieved October 23, 2023.

[GocExecQ123-153] Katz, Eric (May 10, 2023). "DeJoy Promises His USPS Plan Will Still Deliver, Despite Disappointing Numbers So Far". GovExec. Retrieved October 23, 2023.

[FNNLossesCut-154] Heckman, Jory (May 25, 2023). "DeJoy rebuffs USPS regulator considering more 'proactive' role in postal oversight". Federal News Network. Retrieved October 23, 2023.

[155] United States Postal Serv. v. Flamingo Indus. (USA) Ltd., 540 U.S. 736 (2004).

[156] Crew, Michael A.; Brennan, Timothy J (2014). The Role of the Postal and Delivery Sector in a Digital Age. Edward Elgar Pub. p. 16. ISBN 978-1-78254-633-7. Misconceptions surround the United States Postal Service's (USPS) current organizational structure...USPS, although clearly a federally owned entity, is not a state-owned enterprise (SOE) in the sense that this term is normally understood in the United States and in other advanced economies. It is instead an independent government organization (IGO) within the federal government, and thus lacks standard attributes of an SOE.

[157] United States Postal Serv. v. Greenburgh Civic Ass'ns, 453 U.S. 114 (1981).

[158] USPS.com Archived May 9, 2009, at the Wayback Machine. USPS.com (September 17, 2008). Retrieved July 8, 2011.

[159] "City of Houston Annexation FAQ". City of Houston. October 31, 1996. Archived from the original on October 31, 1996. Retrieved August 3, 2022. The U.S. Postal Service establishes ZIP codes and mailing addresses[...]{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)

[Effron-160] Effron, Oliver (October 6, 2020). "Why the US Postal Service is in deep financial trouble". CNN Business. Retrieved June 10, 2024.

[161] Popiel, Leslie Albrecht (February 7, 1995). "Republicans Eye US Postal Service For Privatization Push". The Christian Science Monitor. Archived from the original on October 17, 2020. Retrieved August 13, 2020.

[162] Banker, Steve (December 29, 2017). "President Trump, Here's Why The Postal Service Is Charging Amazon 'So Little'". Forbes. Archived from the original on October 31, 2018. Retrieved October 31, 2018.

[nyt-fact-check-163] Gold, Michael, and Katie Rogers (March 29, 2018). "The Facts Behind Trump's Tweets on Amazon, Taxes and the Postal Service." Archived June 21, 2019, at the Wayback Machine The New York Times. Retrieved November 9, 2019.

[164] Smith, Jennifer (June 22, 2018). "Trump's Fix for Postal Service: Privatize It". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on September 21, 2018. Retrieved October 31, 2018.

[165] Graves, Lisa, The Billionaire Behind Efforts to Kill the U.S. Postal Service Archived August 22, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, In The Public Interest, July 2020

[166] "ITPI – In The Public Interest". July 9, 2020. Archived from the original on August 5, 2020. Retrieved August 22, 2020.

[167] Moyers, Bill, Bill Moyers Talks with Lisa Graves about the Ongoing Threat to the US Postal Service Archived August 22, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, Moyers on Democracy, August 19, 2020

[168] "To Save the Postal Service, Bring It Online". Council on Foreign Relations. Archived from the original on December 9, 2021. Retrieved December 9, 2021.

[169] "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on January 20, 2022. Retrieved December 5, 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

[170] "The Constitution of the United States: A Transcription". National Archives. November 4, 2015. Archived from the original on January 31, 2017. Retrieved January 28, 2017.

[171] "Mission statement" (PDF). about.usps.com. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 12, 2019. Retrieved January 23, 2017.

[2008_USO_Postal_Monopoly_report-172] "Report On Universal Postal Service and The Postal Monopoly" (PDF). USPS. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 19, 2016. Retrieved January 28, 2017.

[173] Webb, Amy (June 12, 2013). "Why It's So Much Harder for the Government to Spy on Your Snail Mail Than Your Email". Slate. Archived from the original on December 4, 2019. Retrieved December 4, 2019.

[174] Gilliland, Donald (May 25, 2019). "Perhaps we need the US Postal Service to restore trust in digital communication". The Hill. Archived from the original on December 4, 2019. Retrieved December 4, 2019.

[175] Postal Service to renew Idaho back country mail route Archived March 15, 2012, at the Wayback Machine Alyson Outen, KTVB-TV, April 10, 2009

[176] Minnick, Walt (May 7, 2009). "Idaho delegation gets reversal on backcountry mail delivery decision". Press Releases. Congressman Walt Minnick. Archived from the original on December 5, 2010. Retrieved July 1, 2013.

[177] "Congress votes to keep USPS Saturday delivery". MSNBC. March 21, 2013. Archived from the original on December 9, 2021. Retrieved December 9, 2021.

[smartpost-178] "FedEx SmartPost Shipping & Tracking for Low Weight Packages". FedEx. Archived from the original on April 5, 2012. Retrieved April 11, 2012.

[mailinno-179] "UPS Mail Innovations – Overview". United Parcel Service. Archived from the original on May 5, 2012. Retrieved April 11, 2012.

[180] "Priority Mail – USPS". www.usps.com. Archived from the original on September 1, 2013. Retrieved September 15, 2013.

[181] "Priority Mail Express – USPS". www.usps.com. Archived from the original on January 26, 2017. Retrieved February 2, 2017.

[182] "Amazon now delivers more US packages than FedEx". Quartz. Archived from the original on December 10, 2021. Retrieved December 10, 2021.

[183] "Amazon Drone Delivery". Amazon. Archived from the original on May 28, 2019. Retrieved December 10, 2021.

[184] "Telegraph: Early Postal Role" (PDF). Postal History. USPS. July 2008. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 31, 2013. Retrieved April 18, 2014.

[185] "V-Mail" (PDF). Postal History. USPS. July 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 8, 2009. Retrieved July 8, 2011.

[186] "E-COM, Electronic Computer Originated Mail" (PDF). USPS. July 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 8, 2009. Retrieved July 8, 2011.

[187] "Intelligent Mail" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on August 30, 2012.

[188] Geddes, Rick. "Do Vital Economists Reach a Policy Conclusion on Postal Reform?" (April 2004). econjournalwatch.org Archived October 28, 2008, at the Wayback Machine

[189] "Neither Snow nor Sleet ... Can Dampen This Monopoly". Hoover Institution. Archived from the original on December 22, 2015. Retrieved January 2, 2016.

[190] Sappington, David E. M.; Sidak, J. Gregory (2003). "Incentives for Anticompetitive Behavior by Public Enterprises" (PDF). Review of Industrial Organization. 22 (3): 183–206. doi:10.1023/A:1023607223501. S2CID 189900074. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 4, 2016. Retrieved July 20, 2015.

[191] Sidak, J. Gregory (2015). "Maximizing the Postal Service's Profits from Competitive Products". Journal of Competition Law & Economics. 11 (3): 617. doi:10.1093/joclec/nhv026. Archived from the original on January 12, 2017.

[192] Id.

[193] Melendez, Steven (October 25, 2018.) "Suspicious Packages Spotlight Vast Postal Surveillance System." Archived May 11, 2019, at the Wayback Machine Fast Company. Retrieved November 9, 2019.

[194] "History of USPIS". United States Postal Inspection Service. Archived from the original on April 27, 2021. Retrieved August 16, 2020.

[195] Geddes, Rick (June 1, 2003). "Opportunities for Anticompetitive Behavior in Postal Services". American Enterprise Institute. Archived from the original on January 9, 2016. Retrieved January 2, 2016.

[196] "Why Can't You Start a Rival Post Office?". November 19, 2010. Archived from the original on November 17, 2017. Retrieved November 16, 2017.

[197] "Annual Report: FY 2014" (PDF). U.S. Postal Inspection Service. 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 31, 2019.

[198] "Mailing Standards of the United States Postal Service". Domestic Mail Manual | Postal Explorer. USPS. April 1, 2024. Archived from the original on July 21, 2024. Retrieved July 25, 2024.

[199] "§101: Physical Standards". Domestic Mail Manual | Postal Explorer. USPS. April 1, 2024. Archived from the original on May 8, 2024. Retrieved July 25, 2024.

[200] "§601: Mailability". Domestic Mail Manual | Postal Explorer. USPS. April 1, 2024. Archived from the original on April 8, 2024. Retrieved July 25, 2024.

[201] "Official USPS Abbreviations". Archived from the original on July 28, 2014. Retrieved November 10, 2024.

[202] USPS postal addressing standards Archived August 28, 2005, at the Wayback Machine. Pe.usps.gov. Retrieved July 8, 2011.

[Zip_Lookup-203] "Zip". USPS. Archived from the original on December 22, 2016. Retrieved September 9, 2016.

[Delivery_Point_Validation-204] "2004 Comprehensive Statement on Postal Operations Chapter 2 Postal Operations". USPS. Archived from the original on September 16, 2016. Retrieved September 9, 2016. 2004 Comprehensive Statement on Postal Operations Chapter 2 Postal Operations

[205] USPS.com Archived July 23, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. USPS.com (November 26, 2008). Retrieved July 8, 2011.

[206] USPS.com Archived July 1, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. USPS.com (November 26, 2008). Retrieved July 8, 2011.

[207] New Prices Coming May 12, 2008 Archived August 4, 2015, at the Wayback Machine. Usps.com (November 26, 2008). Retrieved July 8, 2011.

[cbs-73-208] Gibson, Kate (April 10, 2024). "Stamp prices poised to rise again, for the 2nd time this year - CBS News". CBS News. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on October 3, 2024. Retrieved October 3, 2024.

[209] van Tilborg, Henk C. A. (2005). "Electronic Postage". Encyclopedia of cryptography and security. Springer. ISBN 978-0-387-23473-1. Archived from the original on January 2, 2016. Retrieved November 12, 2015.

[210] Advanced Preparation and Special Postage Payment Systems – Manifest Mailing System – Electronic Verification System Archived April 30, 2008, at the Wayback Machine. Pe.usps.gov. Retrieved July 8, 2011.

[211] "USPS Memo To Mailers – August 2006 "Making It E-Easy For High-Volume Shippers"". Archived from the original on August 22, 2006.

[212] "Stamp Collecting: What other stamp materials can I collect?". United States Postal Service. Archived from the original on June 23, 2015. Retrieved July 6, 2015.

[213] "Compendium of U.S. Copyright Office Practices, § 313.6(C)(1)" (PDF). United States Copyright Office. December 22, 2014. pp. 36–37. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 6, 2015. Retrieved July 6, 2015.

[214] "Rights and Permission Overview". United States Postal Service. Archived from the original on September 24, 2011. Retrieved June 18, 2010.

[215] "International Delivery Options". USPS. Archived from the original on September 18, 2010. Retrieved September 29, 2010.

[216] USPS International Mail Manual, Issue 35 Archived November 21, 2008, at the Wayback Machine. Pe.usps.gov. Retrieved July 8, 2011.

[217] First-Class Mail International. USPS (November 26, 2008). Retrieved July 8, 2011. Archived June 9, 2015, at the Wayback Machine

[218] USPS.com Archived December 31, 2015, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved November 16, 2010.

[219] USPS press release, June 8, 2004, Release No. 40, FedEx to deliver premium postal int'l service Archived May 8, 2009, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved October 10, 2007.

[220] Styling for "M-bag" is inconsistent – the term is styled both as M-bag (with a hyphen) and M–bag (with an en-dash).

[Olivia-221] Postal Explorer>IMM Issue 37 – International Mail Manual > 2 Conditions for Mailing > 260 Direct Sacks of Printed Matter to One Addressee (M–bags) Archived August 17, 2016, at the Wayback Machine

[222] "USPS Working Hour". May 31, 2019. Archived from the original on May 31, 2019. Retrieved May 31, 2019.

[223] USPS FAQ – Mailing to military personnel. about.usps.com. Retrieved July 8, 2011.

[usps_times-224] USPS FAQ – Domestic Classes of Mail Estimated Delivery Time Archived April 10, 2013, at the Wayback Machine

[doi-225] "U.S. and Palau Agreement". US Department of the Interior. November 30, 2011. Archived from the original on September 6, 2015. Retrieved June 8, 2015.

[226] "Under Construction". Mipsa.biz. Archived from the original on December 17, 2014. Retrieved June 8, 2015.

[fsmgov-227] "FSM Communications". Government of the Federated States of Micronesia. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved June 8, 2015.

[228] "USPS Domestic Mail Service Returns to the FSM and RMI". US Embassy in Kolonia. November 5, 2007. Archived from the original on July 21, 2015. Retrieved June 8, 2015.

[229] "New Customs Declarations Label Requirements" (PDF). Postal Explorer - USPS. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 27, 2013. Retrieved April 14, 2014.

[230] "USPS International Mail - Frequently Asked Questions". Archived from the original on September 29, 2007.

[231] DWTripp. "USPS mail changes - international surface mail going away". BoardGameGeek "Chit Chat" forum. Archived from the original on March 10, 2017. Retrieved March 10, 2017. Internal newsletters detailed a huge loss for the USPS in the failed delivery of packages sent from the USA via surface. Since the USPS cannot dictate how scores of different countries handle surface mail, and since its agreements required the USPS to take back undeliverable parcels, the losses were mounting.

[232] "Why nobody offers USPS International Surface Air Lift for international shipment?". BoardGameGeek "General Gaming" forum. Archived from the original on February 23, 2017. Retrieved February 23, 2017. The reason, probably, why no other dealers offer it: ... it is very difficult and time-consuming to do. Plus, there is no tracking, no insurance, and lots of complaints — as those packages can easily take 60 days to arrive.

[233] (June 28, 2018). "Has anyone used Asendia Priority Tracked International Postage through Chit Chat?". eBay Canada "Seller Central" forum. Archived from the original on December 23, 2019. Retrieved December 23, 2019.

[234] "International Mail Manual » International Surface Air Lift (ISAL) Service". United States Postal Service. Archived from the original on December 24, 2019. Retrieved December 24, 2019.

[bard-235] Author unknown (date unknown). Direct Marketing Direct Mail. Allbusiness.com. Retrieved July 8, 2011 from "Equipment Scheduling at Mail Processing and Distribution Centers". Archived from the original on March 11, 2008. Retrieved April 4, 2009.

[Wade-236] Wade, Madison (April 9, 2015). "Changes announced for Redding mail processing center". KRCR News Channel ABC 7. Redding: Bonten Media Group. Archived from the original on January 31, 2017. Retrieved January 19, 2017.

[Benda-237] Benda, David (February 23, 2012). "Mail sorting facility will close; move will affect 90 jobs in Redding". Redding Record-Searchlight. Gannett. Archived from the original on January 31, 2017. Retrieved January 19, 2017.

[WaPo_confirm-238] Miga, Andrew (August 2, 2013). "AP Interview: Postal Service takes photos of all mail, keeps images for up to a month". Yahoo! News. Archived from the original on April 19, 2014. Retrieved April 18, 2014.

[239] See, e.g., 39 CFR 121.1 et seq.

[240] USPS.com. Retrieved July 8, 2011 from "Comprehensive Statement on Postal Operations 2008". Archived from the original on May 8, 2009. Retrieved March 31, 2009.

[Katz2-241] Katz, Eric (August 26, 2022). "USPS Lists Hundreds of Post Offices and Other Facilities Where It Will Consolidate Operations". Government Executive. Retrieved March 26, 2023.

[Katz-242] Katz, Eric (September 14, 2023). "New, consolidated USPS facilities are operating smoothly, but not yet delivering on improved working conditions". Government Executive. Retrieved December 16, 2023.

[243] "Address, Phone Number, Hours, Location for USPS by state in united states". Postal Offices. Retrieved September 24, 2022.

[glossary-244] Publication 32 – Glossary of Postal Terms Archived May 8, 2009, at the Wayback Machine. (PDF). Retrieved July 8, 2011.

[245] "Approved Postal Provider Programs". USPS. Archived from the original on March 8, 2022. Retrieved August 10, 2022.

[246] "USPS VPO Fact Sheet" (PDF). usps.com. July 26, 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 5, 2011. Retrieved November 17, 2011.

[247] "Fact Sheet: Processing Facilities" (PDF). USPS News Kit: Our Future Network (PDF). United States Postal Service. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 15, 2012. Retrieved June 27, 2013.

[248] "USPS Postal News Release No. 08-063". usps.com. June 5, 2008. Archived from the original on May 11, 2009. Retrieved September 1, 2009.

[249] Piper, Matthew. "The first and last of its kind, a Salt Lake City postal facility looks to grow". The Salt Lake Tribune. Archived from the original on February 2, 2017. Retrieved January 28, 2017.

[250] "Handbook PO-101 Revision: Post Office Organization". about.usps.com. Retrieved November 14, 2024.

[251] "Texas Federal Buildings:Galveston U.S. Post Office and Courthouse". General Services Administration. Archived from the original on November 17, 2009. Retrieved December 20, 2009.

[252] USPS.com. Retrieved July 8, 2011 from "Comprehensive Statement on Postal Operations 2008". Archived from the original on May 9, 2009. Retrieved April 5, 2009.

[APC04-253] "Lunewsviews.com". Lunewsviews.com. Archived from the original on August 2, 2012. Retrieved July 15, 2024.

[Frost-254] Frost, Mary (August 2, 2013). "After complaints, DUMBO post office reopens". Brooklyn Eagle. Retrieved July 15, 2024.

[Baadke-255] Baadke, Michael (November 5, 2019). "U.S. self-service kiosks won't vend new Christmas labels in 2019". Linns Stamp News. Retrieved July 15, 2024.

[256] "Lunewsviews.com". Lunewsviews.com. Archived from the original on March 24, 2012. Retrieved July 18, 2012.

[257] "Postal Accountability And Enhancement Act § 302 Network Plan". Archived from the original on May 23, 2020. Retrieved May 5, 2020.

[idaho-258] Where to Buy Stamps Archived September 3, 2018, at the Wayback Machine'

[259] "Idaho delegation gets reversal on backcountry mail delivery decision". Press release. House.gov. May 7, 2009. Archived from the original on May 27, 2009. Retrieved July 8, 2013.

[260] "Forward Mail | USPS". www.usps.com. Archived from the original on January 25, 2018. Retrieved January 25, 2018.

[autogenerated1-261] About.com, "Sunday Mail Service in a Christian Nation", Austin Cline, February 19, 2006 Archived September 6, 2008, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved October 10, 2007.

[The_Atlantic-262] Garber, Megan (November 12, 2013). "The Unlikely Alliance That Ended Sunday Mail Delivery ... in 1912". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on February 14, 2017.

[263] USPS – Express Mail Delivery Chart Archived September 29, 2007, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved October 10, 2007.

[264] Historyorb.com Archived January 2, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, events April 13.

[265] Historyorb.com Archived January 2, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, events April 15

[city_delivery-266] "City Delivery" (PDF). Postal History. USPS. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved January 2, 2016.

[deliveries_per_day-267] Deliveries per Day Archived May 9, 2009, at the Wayback Machine. (PDF). Retrieved July 8, 2011.

[268] Home Delivery Archived July 23, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. USPS (November 26, 2008). Retrieved July 8, 2011.

[269] USPS FAQ – Caller Service, multiple pickups for a fee^{[dead link‍]}

[270] USPS FAQ – Firm Holdout Service, free pickup once a day^{[dead link‍]}

[271] USPS FAQ – Do I qualify for free box service? Archived March 24, 2012, at the Wayback Machine. Faq.usps.com (November 26, 2008). Retrieved July 8, 2011.^{[dead link‍]}

[272] USPS FAQ – Hardship / Medical Problems Archived March 24, 2012, at the Wayback Machine. Faq.usps.com (November 26, 2008). Retrieved July 8, 2011.

[273] USPS FAQ – Mail service available for the homeless Archived March 24, 2012, at the Wayback Machine. Faq.usps.com (November 26, 2008). Retrieved July 8, 2011.^{[dead link‍]}

[274] "Post office tests same-day delivery". Associated Press. November 23, 2012. Archived from the original on June 29, 2017. Retrieved June 22, 2017.

[275] Target (March 28, 2011). "USPS.com – Metro Post". Usps.com. Archived from the original on June 13, 2013. Retrieved March 24, 2013.

[276] Corbin, Kenneth (January 14, 2013). "USPS Adding Retailers to Same Day Delivery Trial". EcommerceBytes.com. Archived from the original on January 20, 2013. Retrieved February 11, 2013.

[277] Adinolfi, Joseph (November 14, 2013). "Terms Of Deal For US Postal Service (USPS) To Deliver Amazon (AMZN) Packages Not Revealed By USPS Or Amazon". International Business Times. Archived from the original on January 2, 2016. Retrieved June 8, 2015.

[278] Bishop, Todd (May 7, 2014). "Amazon and USPS expand Sunday delivery to 15 more cities, will reach 'large portion' of U.S. this year". GeekWire. Archived from the original on February 23, 2015. Retrieved June 8, 2015.

[279] "Standard Forward Mail & Change of Address". usps.com. Retrieved November 14, 2024.

[280] USPS FAQ – Commercial Mail Receiving Agency (CMRA) Archived March 24, 2012, at the Wayback Machine. Faq.usps.com (November 26, 2008). Retrieved July 8, 2011.^{[dead link‍]}

[281] Seal, Dean (April 18, 2022). "U.S. Postal Service to Slow First-Class Package Delivery". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved April 28, 2022.

[282] Manfredi, Lucas (April 19, 2022). "US Postal Service to slow down nearly a third of first-class package deliveries". FOXBusiness. Retrieved April 28, 2022.

[283] "Here's why packages might not arrive as quickly as they used to". Deseret News. April 25, 2022. Retrieved April 28, 2022.

[284] Domestic Money Orders Archived July 23, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. USPS (November 26, 2008). Retrieved July 8, 2011.

[postal_savings_system-285] "Postal Savings System by Historian, United States Postal Service, July 2008" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on January 14, 2012. Retrieved July 18, 2012.

[286] "Providing Non-Bank Financial Services for the Underserved" (PDF). January 17, 2014. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 16, 2015. Retrieved May 16, 2014.

[postalfacts-2011-287] "2011 Postal Facts" (PDF). U.S. Postal Service. 2011. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 18, 2011. Retrieved November 17, 2011. – There is also a web version of the content Archived September 24, 2011, at the Wayback Machine

[288] "Size and Scope". facts.usps.com. October 17, 2024. Retrieved October 17, 2024.

[289] "U.S. Postal Service". Fortune. Archived from the original on May 23, 2020. Retrieved September 9, 2024.

[290] Collective Bargaining Agreement between APWU and USPS

[291] "IT/ASC & OS Employees". APWU. Archived from the original on February 12, 2016. Retrieved April 25, 2016.

[292] "Postal service to slash more than 3,000 jobs, offer early retirements". CNN. March 20, 2009. Archived from the original on April 10, 2010. Retrieved May 26, 2010.

[293] "Human Resources". About.usps.com. Archived from the original on June 27, 2013. Retrieved March 24, 2013.

[294] USPS Commission on a Safe and Secure Workplace, January 31, 2006 Archived June 29, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved October 10, 2007.

[vick-295] Vick, Karl, "Violence at work tied to loss of esteem", St. Petersburg Times, December 17, 1993

[296] "The Year in Review 1993", Los Angeles Times, December 31, 1993

[297] "The Simpsons Episode Scripts: AABF08 – Sunday, Cruddy Sunday". Springfieldspringfield.co.uk. Archived from the original on July 25, 2015. Retrieved June 8, 2015.

[298] "43 Firearms | Postal Explorer". pe.usps.com. Archived from the original on January 26, 2018. Retrieved January 25, 2018.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[29]

[30]

[31]

[32]

[33]

[34]

[35]

[36]

[37]

[38]

[39]

[40]

[41]

[42]

[43]

[44]

[45]

[46]

[47]

[48]

[49]

[50]

[51]

[52]

[53]

[54]

[55]

[56]

[57]

[58]

[59]

[60]

[61]

[62]

[63]

[64]

[65]

[66]

[67]

[68]

[69]

[70]

[71]

[72]

[73]

[74]

[75]

[76]

[77]

[78]

[79]

[80]

[81]

[82]

[83]

[84]

[85]

[86]

[87]

[88]

[89]

[90]

[91]

[92]

[93]

[94]

[95]

[96]

[97]

[98]

[99]

[100]

v t e United States Postal Service
Organizations	American Letter Mail Company American Postal Workers Union Board of Governors of the United States Postal Service Bureau of Transportation Citizens' Stamp Advisory Committee National Alliance of Postal and Federal Employees National Association of Letter Carriers National Association of Presort Mailers National Postal Mail Handlers Union National Rural Letter Carriers' Association Postal Regulatory Commission Postal Transportation Service PostalWatch Incorporated United States Postal Inspection Service United States Postal Service Office of Inspector General
Systems	Address Management System Advanced Facer-Canceler System Coding Accuracy Support System Delivery Bar Code Sorter Flats Sequencing System Locatable Address Conversion System United States Postal Savings System
Services	Click-N-Ship Express mail in the United States National Change Of Address Permit mail Permit Reply Mail Postal notes Railway Mail Service Registered mail Special Delivery Special handling
Facilities	Air mail facility Boat railway post office Community post office Dead letter office Highway post office J. W. Westcott II List of United States post offices National Postal Museum Network distribution center Railway mail service library Red Brick Roads Sectional center facility Streetcar railway post office Terminal railway post office
Legal	Comstock laws Post Office Act Postal Accountability and Enhancement Act Postal Reorganization Act Postal Service Act Postal Service Reform Act of 2022 Private Express Statutes Rural Post Roads Act of 1916 Title 39 of the United States Code
Related	2020 United States Postal Service crisis United States airmail service CAR-RT SORT Catcher pouch Cimarron Redoubt Domestic Mail Manual Facing Identification Mark Flats Grumman LLV Information-Based Indicia The Inspectors Intelligent Mail barcode Label 228 List of postal killings List of U.S. state abbreviations List of United States airmail stamps Mail bag Mail cover Mail hook Mail Isolation Control and Tracking Mail jumping Mail pouch Mail sack Mail satchel The Mail Story Nixie ORM-D Owney (dog) Pony Express mochila Postage stamps and postal history of the United States Postal Alpha Numeric Encoding Technique Postal Clause Postal voting in the United States Postal worker Postmaster General Prohibitory Order Remote Bar Coding System Rural Free Delivery Rural letter carrier STD-4C United States post office murals List of murals USPS Post Office Box Lobby Recycling program United States Postal Service creed

v t e Mail and postal systems
History	Timeline of postal history African countries Asian countries European countries Oceanian countries Pan-American countries Postal censorship	Envelope for mailing
Components	Advertising mail Bulk mail Envelope Indicia Information-Based Indicia Letter box Mail Mail bag Meter stamp Parcel Parcel locker Post box / Mailbox Relay box Post office Post office box Postage meter Postage stamp Postal code Postal marking Variable value stamp
Delivery	Airmail Express Package delivery Registered Surface Surface Air Lifted (SAL)
Staff	Mail carrier Postal worker Postmaster Postmaster General
Processing	Intelligent Mail barcode Mail Isolation Control and Tracking Multiline Optical Character Reader Mail cover Mail sorting Package forwarding PLANET POSTNET
Institutions and systems	Postal entities Postal museums Postal services Postal systems by country Trade unions
Related	Courier Philately most expensive philatelic items Stamp collecting notable stamps catalogues Philatelic terminology
List of entities that have issued postage stamps	A–E F–L M–Z
Philately portal Category Commons

v t e Post of the Americas
Sovereign states	Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Bahamas Barbados Belize Bolivia Brazil Canada Chile Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Grenada Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Suriname Trinidad and Tobago United States Uruguay Venezuela
Dependencies and territories	Anguilla Aruba Bermuda Bonaire British Virgin Islands Cayman Islands Curaçao Falkland Islands French Guiana Greenland Guadeloupe Martinique Montserrat Puerto Rico Saba Saint Barthélemy Saint Martin Saint Pierre and Miquelon Sint Eustatius Sint Maarten South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Turks and Caicos Islands U.S. Virgin Islands
North America Central America Caribbean South America

Authority control databases
International	ISNI VIAF
National	Germany United States France BnF data Australia Czech Republic Portugal Norway Croatia Korea Vatican Israel
Academics	CiNii
People	Trove
Other	IdRef Te Papa (New Zealand)