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Research related to British writer J. R. R. Tolkien
The works of J. R. R. Tolkien have generated a body of research covering many aspects of his fantasy writings. These encompass The Lord of the Rings The Silmarillion his legendarium that remained unpublished until after his death, and his constructed languages , especially the Elvish languages Quenya and Sindarin . Scholars from different disciplines have examined the linguistic and literary origins of Middle-earth , and have explored many aspects of his writings from Christianity to feminism and race .
Biographies of Tolkien have been written by Humphrey Carpenter , with his 1977 J. R. R. Tolkien: A Biography [ 1] John Garth with his 2003 Tolkien and the Great War: The Threshold of Middle-earth [ 2] The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien Christopher Tolkien .[ 3] OED The Ring of Words: Tolkien and the Oxford English Dictionary Peter Gilliver , Jeremy Marshall and Edmund Weiner .[ 4]
[ edit ] A variety of institutions have developed to support Tolkien research. These include The Tolkien Society and The Mythopoeic Society . Tolkien archives are held in the Bodleian Library in Oxford [ 5] Marquette University in Milwaukee, Wisconsin .[ 6] Houghton Mifflin , McFarland Press , Mythopoeic Press, Walking Tree Publishers , Palgrave MacMillan , and Kent State University Press .[ 7]
Early publications on Tolkien's writing were essentially fanzines; some, such as Mythlore peer-reviewed (refereed) technical publications; among the "reputable"[ 7] Mallorn [ 7] Tolkien Society . Other specialised journals include Tolkien Studies Journal of Tolkien Research (2014–). There are several journals that focus on the literary society The Inklings , of which Tolkien was a member, especially Journal of Inklings Studies [ 7]
In 1992, the Tolkien Society and the Mythopoeic Society held a joint conference for the centenary of Tolkien's birth, combining papers that were published in the conference proceedings,[ 8] [ 9]
Omentielva is a European bi-yearly conference on research into Tolkien's invented languages.[ 10]
A large literature examines Tolkien's Middle-earth fantasy fiction from numerous points of view. Some scholars have investigated its philological roots in languages such as Old Norse and Old English . Others have explored its influences from literature of periods from classical and medieval to antiquarian and modern . Many have examined its themes including its poetry , its Christian symbolism , issues of feminism , race , and sexuality , and questions such as Tolkien's theory of sound and language . Others again have studied the literary devices that Tolkien used, such as his use of frame stories , interlacing of narrative , and his intentional creation of an Impression of depth .[ 12] A Companion to J. R. R. Tolkien [ 15]
Constructed languages [ edit ] Tolkien's constructed languages, Quenya and Sindarin , the main languages of Elves , have inspired linguistic research. Parma Eldalamberon Vinyar Tengwar Elvish Linguistic Fellowship of the Mythopoeic Society a non-profit organization. The Vinyar Tengwar and Parma Eldalamberon material published at an increasing rate during the early 2000s is from the stock of linguistic material in the possession of the appointed team of editors (some 3000 pages according to them), consisting of photocopies sent them by Christopher Tolkien and notes taken in the Bodleian Library around 1992. An Internet mailing list dedicated to Tolkien's languages, called tolklang, has existed since November 1, 1990.[ 16]
Major introductory books [ edit ] Drout, Michael D. C. , ed. (2013) [2007]. "Tolkien Scholarship: Institutions". J.R.R. Tolkien Encyclopedia: Scholarship and Critical Assessment Routledge . ISBN 978-0-415-86511-1 Flieger, Verlyn ; Hostetter, Carl F. , eds. (2000). Tolkien's Legendarium: Essays on The History of Middle-earth Greenwood Press . ISBN 978-0-313-30530-6 Flieger, Verlyn (1983). Splintered Light: Logos and Language in Tolkien's World Wm B. Eerdmans Publishing . ISBN 978-0-8028-1955-0 Hammond, Wayne G. ; Christina Scull (2005). The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion HarperCollins . ISBN 978-0-00-720308-6 Hammond, Wayne G. ; Scull, Christina (2006b). The J.R.R. Tolkien Companion and Guide: Reader's Guide HarperCollins . ISBN 0-007-14918-2 Lee, Stuart D. , ed. (2020) [2014]. A Companion to J. R. R. Tolkien Wiley Blackwell . ISBN 978-1119656029 Olsen, Corey (2012). Exploring J.R.R. Tolkien's The Hobbit . Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt . ISBN 978-0-547-73946-5 Pesch, Helmut W. (2003). Elbisch – Grammatik, Schrift und Wörterbuch der Elben-Sprache J.R.R. Tolkiens (in German). Bergisch Gladbach: Bastei-Lübbe. ISBN 3-404-20476-X Shippey, Tom (1982). The Road to Middle-earth George Allen and Unwin . ISBN 978-0-04-809018-8 Solopova, Elizabeth (2009). Languages, Myths and History: An Introduction to the Linguistic and Literary Background of J. R. R. Tolkien's Fiction . New York City: North Landing Books . ISBN 978-0-9816607-1-4 .Whittingham, Elizabeth A. (2008). The Evolution of Tolkien's Mythology: A Study of the 'History of Middle-earth' McFarland . ISBN 978-1-4766-1174-7 Current Transitory Fastitocalon: Studies in Fantasticism Ancient to Modern: Immortals and the Undead briefly existed in the 2010s.[ 23] [ 24]
^ "Tolkien Bibliography: 1977 - Humphrey Carpenter - J.R.R. Tolkien: a biography" . The Tolkien Library. Retrieved 1 November 2016 .^ Garth, John (2003). Tolkien and the Great War: the threshold of Middle-earth HarperCollins . ISBN 978-0-00-711953-0 OCLC 54047800 .^ Carpenter, Humphrey , ed. (2000). "Letter 294". The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien Houghton Mifflin . ISBN 978-0-618-05699-6 ^ Gilliver, Peter (2006). The Ring of Words: Tolkien and the Oxford English Dictionary . Oxford: Oxford University Press . ISBN 978-0-19-861069-4 ^ Barella, Cecilia (2013) [2007]. "Tolkien Scholarship: Institutions". In Drout, Michael D. C. (ed.). J.R.R. Tolkien Encyclopedia: Scholarship and Critical Assessment Routledge . pp. 656–659. ISBN 978-0-415-86511-1 ^ "J R R Tolkien Collection - Marquette University Libraries" . Marquette University Libraries. 30 November 2020. Archived from the original . Retrieved 25 January 2021 .^ a b c d e Croft, Janet Brennan (2016). "Bibliographic Resources for Literature Searches on J.R.R Tolkien" . Journal of Tolkien Research . 3 (1). Article 2.^ Proceedings of The J. R. R. Tolkien Centenary Conference 1992 – separate articles (out of print); – single PDF with index
^ GoodKnight, Glen H. ; Reynolds, Patricia (15 October 1996). "Editorial" . Mythlore 21 (2): article 1.^ Omentielva ^ Drout, Michael D. C. , ed. (2006). The J. R. R. Tolkien Encyclopedia: Scholarship and Critical Assessment Routledge . pp. xxix–xxx. ISBN 0-415-96942-5 ^ Higgins, Andrew (2015). "A Companion to J. R. R. Tolkien, ed. Stuart D. Lee, reviewed by Andrew Higgins" . Journal of Tolkien Research . 2 (1). Article 2. ^ Bradfield, Julian. "The Tolkien Language List" . Quettar.org . Retrieved 25 January 2021 . ^ Tolkien Studies at West Virginia University Press ^ Mythlore ^ Journal of Tolkien Research ^ Mallorn ^ At its issue #15 , Tolkien Journal Mythlore .
^ Vinyar Tengwar ^ Petersen, Vibeke Rützou (2012). "Review of Fastitocalon. Studies in Fantasticism Ancient to Modern: Immortals and the Undead 1.2 (2010): 91–200" . Journal of the Fantastic in the Arts 23 (2 (85)): 334–337. ISSN 0897-0521 . JSTOR 24352949 . ^ Croft, Janet Brennan (2010). "Review of Fastitocalon: Studies in Fantasticism Ancient to Modern: Immortals and the Undead" . Mythlore 29 (1/2 (111/112)): 188–192. ISSN 0146-9339 . JSTOR 26815554 .
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