Jump to content

Timeline of women in religion in the United States

Add links
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Before 1776

[edit]
  • 1636 to 1643: Though she predates the start of the United States by over 100 years, Anne Hutchinson was highly influential on later American Colonial values with respect to civil liberty and religious freedoms.
  • Circa 1770: Mary Evans Thorne was appointed class leader by Joseph Pilmore in Philadelphia, making her probably the first woman in America to be so appointed.[1]
  • 1774: Ann Lee and her followers arrive in New York City.
  • 1775: Ann Lee and her followers establish the first communal home of the United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearance (aka the Shakers) seven miles West of Albany, NY.

19th century

[edit]
  • Early 19th century: In the United States, in contrast with almost every other organized denomination, the Society of Friends (Quakers) has allowed women to serve as ministers since the early 19th century.[2][3]
  • 1815: Clarissa Danforth was ordained in New England. She was the first woman ordained by the Free Will Baptist denomination.
  • 1830: In Harmony, PA, Emma Hale Smith was promised that she would be ordained "to expound scriptures, and to exhort the church, according as it shall be given thee by my Spirit" (Doctrine and Covenants, 25:7).
  • 1844: Elizabeth Peabody became the first person to translate any Buddhist scripture into English, translating a chapter of the Lotus Sutra from its French translation.[4][5]
  • 1853: Antoinette Brown Blackwell was the first woman ordained as a minister in the United States.[6] She was ordained by a church belonging to the Congregationalist Church.[7] However, her ordination was not recognized by the denomination.[3] She later quit the church and became a Unitarian.[3] The Congregationalists later merged with others to create the United Church of Christ, which ordains women.[3][8]
  • 1861: Mary A. Will was the first woman ordained in the Wesleyan Methodist Connection by the Illinois Conference in the United States. The Wesleyan Methodist Connection eventually became the Wesleyan Church.
  • 1863:
    • The Seventh-day Adventist Church was founded in Michigan; one of its founders was a woman, Ellen G. White.
    • American Olympia Brown was ordained by the Universalist denomination in 1863, the first woman ordained by that denomination, in spite of a last-moment case of cold feet by her seminary which feared adverse publicity.[9]
  • 1866: Helenor M. Davison was ordained as a deacon by the North Indiana Conference of the Methodist Protestant Church, probably making her the first ordained woman in the Methodist tradition.[1]
  • 1866: American Margaret Newton Van Cott became the first woman to be licensed to preach in The Methodist Episcopal Church.
  • 1869:
    • American Margaret Newton Van Cott became the first woman in the Methodist Episcopal Church to receive a local preacher's license.[1]
    • Lydia Sexton (of the United Brethren Church) was appointed chaplain of the Kansas State Prison at the age of 70, the first woman in the United States to hold such a position.[1]
  • 1876:
  • 1879: The Church of Christ, Scientist was founded in New England by an American woman, Mary Baker Eddy.[13][14][15]
  • 1880: Anna Howard Shaw was the first woman ordained in the Methodist Protestant Church, an American church which later merged with other denominations to form the United Methodist Church.[16]
  • 1884: Julie Rosewald, called "Cantor Soprano" by her congregation, became America's first female cantor, serving San Francisco's Temple Emanu-El from 1884 until 1893, although she was not ordained.[17][18] She was born in Germany.[19]
  • 1889:
    • The Nolin Presbytery of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church ordained Louisa Woosley as the first female minister of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church, USA.[20]
    • Ella Niswonger was the first woman ordained in the American United Brethren Church, which later merged with other denominations to form the American United Methodist Church, which has ordained women with full clergy rights and conference membership since 1956.[1][21]
  • 1890: On September 14, 1890, Ray Frank gave the Rosh Hashana sermon for a community in Spokane, Washington, thus becoming the first woman to preach from a synagogue pulpit, although she was not a rabbi.[22]

Early 20th century

[edit]

Late 20th century

[edit]

1950s

[edit]
  • 1950: In August 1950, amidst the success of Dianetics, Hubbard held a demonstration in Los Angeles' Shrine Auditorium where he presented a young woman called Sonya Bianca (a pseudonym) to a large audience including many reporters and photographers as "the world's first Clear." However, despite Hubbard's claim that she had "full and perfect recall of every moment of her life", Bianca proved unable to answer questions from the audience testing her memory and analytical abilities, including the question of the color of Hubbard's tie. Hubbard explained Bianca's failure to display her promised powers of recall to the audience by saying that he had used the word "now" in calling her to the stage, and thus inadvertently froze her in "present time," which blocked her abilities.[37][38] Later, in the late 1950s, Hubbard would claim that several people had reached the state of Clear by the time he presented Bianca as the world's first; these others, Hubbard said, he had successfully cleared in the late 1940s while working incognito in Hollywood posing as a swami.[39] In 1966, Hubbard declared South African Scientologist John McMaster to be the first true Clear.[40][41] McMaster left the Sea Org in November 1969, expressing continuing belief in the Scientology techniques, but disapproval of the way Scientology was managed.[38]
  • 1951: From 1951 until 1953, Paula Ackerman served as Temple Beth Israel's spiritual leader. In so doing, she achieved the distinction of becoming the first woman to assume spiritual leadership of a mainstream American Jewish congregation, although she was never ordained.[42]
  • 1956:

1960s

[edit]
  • 1964: American Addie Elizabeth Davis became the first Southern Baptist woman to be ordained.[45] However, the Southern Baptist Convention stopped ordaining women in 2000, although existing female pastors are allowed to continue their jobs.[3]
  • 1965: Rachel Henderlite became the first woman ordained in the Presbyterian Church in the United States; she was ordained by the Hanover Presbytery in Virginia.[46][47]
  • 1967: Margaret Henrichsen became the first American female district superintendent in the Methodist Church.[1]

1970s

[edit]
  • 1970: On November 22, 1970, Elizabeth Alvina Platz became the first woman ordained by the Lutheran Church in America, and as such was the first woman ordained by any Lutheran denomination in America.[48] The first woman ordained by the American Lutheran Church, Barbara Andrews, was ordained in December 1970.[49] On January 1, 1988 the Lutheran Church in America, the American Lutheran Church, and the Association of Evangelical Lutheran Churches merged to form the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, which continues to ordain women.[50] (The first woman ordained by the Association of Evangelical Lutheran Churches, Janith Otte, was ordained in 1977.[51])
  • 1972: Sally Priesand became America's first female rabbi ordained by a rabbinical seminary, and the second formally ordained female rabbi in Jewish history, after Regina Jonas.[52][53]
  • 1973: Emma Sommers Richards became the first Mennonite woman to be ordained as a pastor of a Mennonite congregation (Lombard Mennonite Church in Illinois).[54]
  • 1974:
  • 1975
  • 1976:
    • Michal Mendelsohn (born Michal Bernstein) became the first presiding female rabbi in a North American congregation when she was hired by Temple Beth El Shalom in San Jose, California, in 1976.[61][62]
    • Karuna Dharma became the first fully ordained female member of the Buddhist monastic community in the U.S.[63]
  • 1978:
  • 1979:
    • The Reformed Church in America started ordaining women as ministers.[71] Women had been admitted to the offices of deacon and elder in 1972.[3]
    • Linda Joy Holtzman became one of the first women in the United States to serve as the presiding rabbi of a synagogue, when she was hired by Beth Israel Congregation of Chester County, which was then located in Coatesville, Pennsylvania.[72] She had graduated in 1979 from the Reconstructionist Rabbinical College in Philadelphia, yet was hired by Beth Israel despite their being a Conservative congregation.[73] She was thus the first woman to serve as a rabbi for a Conservative congregation, as the Conservative movement did not then ordain women.[74]
    • Earlean Miller became the first African-American woman ordained in the Lutheran Church in America (LCA), the largest of three denominations that later combined to form the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America.[75]
    • Drisha was founded in 1979 in New York by Rabbi David Silber as the world's first center dedicated specifically to women's study of classical Jewish texts.[76][77]
    • In 1979 Nancy Ledins, born William Griglak, underwent gender reassignment surgery in Trinidad, Colorado. Ledins was previously ordained as a Catholic priest and was not returned to lay status, and is considered by some to be the first official woman priest in the Catholic Church.[78] However, the Catechism of the Catholic Church does clearly state that gender is exclusively binary and every person should "acknowledge and accept his sexual identity." It strongly implies that birth anatomy and gender expression are equal.[79][80]

1980s

[edit]

1990s

[edit]
  • 1990: Sister Cora Billings was installed as a pastor in Richmond, VA, becoming the first black nun to head a parish in the U.S.[91]
  • 1992:
    • Naamah Kelman, born in the United States, became the first female rabbi ordained in Israel.[103][104]
    • Rabbi Karen Soria became the first female rabbi to serve in the U.S. Marines, which she did from 1992 until 1996.[105]
  • 1993:
  • 1994:
  • 1995: The Sligo Seventh-day Adventist Church in Takoma Park, Maryland, ordained three women in violation of the denomination's rules – Kendra Haloviak, Norma Osborn, and Penny Shell.[121]
  • 1996: Chava Koster, born in the Netherlands and ordained in the United States, became the first female rabbi from the Netherlands.[122]
  • 1998:
    • On July 28, 1998, Ava Muhammad became the first female minister in the Nation of Islam, heading Muhammad's Mosque 15 in Atlanta, Ga., one of the largest mosques in the country.[123][124] In addition to administering day-to-day affairs there she was named Southern Regional Minister, giving her jurisdiction over Nation of Islam mosque activity in Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and parts of Tennessee.[125]
    • Some Orthodox Jewish congregations started to employ women as congregational interns, a job created for learned Orthodox Jewish women. Although these interns do not lead worship services, they perform some tasks usually reserved for rabbis, such as preaching, teaching, and consulting on Jewish legal matters. The first woman hired as a congregational intern was Julie Stern Joseph, hired in 1998 by the Lincoln Square Synagogue of the Upper West Side.[126][127]
    • Sherry Chayat, born in Brooklyn, became the first American woman to receive transmission in the Rinzai school of Buddhism.[128][129][130][131]
  • 1999:

21st century

[edit]

2000s

[edit]
  • 2000: Helga Newmark, born in Germany, became the first female Holocaust survivor ordained as a rabbi. She was ordained in America.[137][138]
  • 2001: Angela Warnick Buchdahl, born in Seoul, Korea,[135] became the first Asian-American person to be ordained as a rabbi in the world; she was ordained by HUC-JIR, an American seminary for Reform Judaism.[136]
Rabbi Angela Warnick Buchdahl
  • 2002:
  • 2003:
    • Ayya Sudhamma Bhikkhuni became the first American-born woman to gain bhikkhuni ordination in the Theravada school in Sri Lanka.[149][150][151]
    • Sarah Schechter became the first female rabbi in the U.S. Air Force.[152][153]
    • Rabbi Janet Marder was named the first female president of the Reform Movement's Central Conference of American Rabbis (CCAR) on March 26, 2003, making her the first woman to lead a major rabbinical organization and the first woman to lead any major Jewish co-ed religious organization in the United States.[154]
  • 2004:
    • Khenmo Drolma, an American woman, became the first westerner of either sex to be installed as an abbot in the Drikung Kagyu lineage of Buddhism, being installed as the abbot of the Vajra Dakini Nunnery in Vermont (America's first Tibetan Buddhist nunnery) in 2004.[155]
    • Barbara Aiello, born and ordained in the United States, became the first female rabbi in Italy.[156]
    • Genevieve Benay (from France), Michele Birch-Conery (from Canada), Astride Indrican (from Latvia), Victoria Rue (from the USA), Jane Via (from the USA), and Monika Wyss (from Switzerland) were ordained as deacons on a ship in the Danube. The women's ordinations were not, however, recognised as being valid by the Roman Catholic Church. As a consequence of this violation of canon law and their refusal to repent, the women were excommunicated. Since then several similar actions have been held by Roman Catholic Womenpriests, a group in favor of women's ordination in Roman Catholicism; this was the first such action for female deacons.[157]
  • 2005: The Lutheran Evangelical Protestant Church, (LEPC) (GCEPC) in the USA elected Nancy Kinard Drew as its first female Presiding Bishop.
  • 2006:
    • Susan Wehle became the first American female cantor in Jewish Renewal in 2006; however, she died in 2009.[158][159]
    • Merle Kodo Boyd, born in Texas, became the first African-American woman ever to receive Dharma transmission in Zen Buddhism.[160]
    • For the first time in American history, a Buddhist ordination was held where an American woman (Sister Khanti-Khema) took the Samaneri (novice) vows with an American monk (Bhante Vimalaramsi) presiding. This was done for the Buddhist American Forest Tradition at the Dhamma Sukha Meditation Center in Missouri.[161]
    • American woman Tamara Kolton became the first person ordained as a member of the Humanistic Jewish movement.[162]
    • Dina Najman became the first Orthodox woman appointed as rabbinic leader of a synagogue, when she became the Rosh Kehilah of Kehilat Orach Eliezer in Manhattan, New York.[163]
  • 2007: Laleh Bakhtiar's translation of the Qur'an, first published in 2007 and called The Sublime Quran, was the first translation of the Qur'an by an American woman.[164][165][166][167][168][169]
  • 2008:
    • On 17 October 2008, Amina Wadud, born in the United States, became the first woman to lead a mixed-gender congregation in prayer in the United Kingdom when she performed the Friday prayers at Oxford's Wolfson College.[120]
    • After a 10-year process of advanced training culminating in a ceremony called shitsugo (literally "room-name"), Sherry Chayat received the title of roshi and the name Shinge ("Heart/Mind Flowering") from Eido Roshi, which was the first time that this ceremony was held in the United States.[170]
  • 2009:
    • Alysa Stanton, born in Cleveland and ordained by a Reform Jewish seminary in Cincinnati, became the world's first black female rabbi.[171]
    • Tannoz Bahremand Foruzanfar, who was born in Iran, became the first Persian woman to be ordained as a cantor in the United States.[172][173]
    • On July 19, 2009, 11 women received semicha (ordination) as kohanot from the Kohenet Hebrew Priestess Institute, based at the Isabella Freedman Jewish Retreat Center in Connecticut, becoming their first priestess ordainees.[174]

2010s

[edit]
  • 2010:
    • Sara Hurwitz, an American Orthodox Jewish woman born in South Africa, was given the title of "rabbah" (sometimes spelled "rabba"), the feminine form of rabbi. As such, she is considered by some to be the first female Orthodox rabbi.[175][176]
    • The Soto Zen Buddhist Association (SZBA) approved a document honoring the women ancestors in the Zen tradition at its biannual meeting on October 8, 2010. Female ancestors, dating back 2,500 years from India, China, and Japan, could thus be included in the curriculum, ritual, and training offered to Western Zen students.[177]
    • The first American women to be ordained as cantors in Jewish Renewal after Susan Wehle's ordination were Michal Rubin and Abbe Lyons, both ordained on January 10, 2010.[178]
    • In 2010, at the Orthodox Jewish synagogue Hebrew Institute of Riverdale, Lamelle Ryman led a Friday-night service as a cantor would. No other Orthodox synagogue in the U.S. had ever before had a woman lead a Kabbalat Shabbat service, although Orthodox institutions like the Darkhei Noam prayer group in New York and the Shira Hadasha congregation in Jerusalem already did have women leading Kabbalat Shabbat. In addition, there had been a female-led Kabbalat Shabbat in a Washington Heights apartment in Manhattan — most of the worshippers came from the Yeshiva University community — in 1987 that drew little attention or opposition. In any case, Lamelle Ryan was not ordained as a cantor, and as of 2010 Orthodox Judaism does not ordain women as cantors.[179]
    • The first Sefer Torah scribed by a group of women (six female sofers, who were from Brazil, Canada, Israel, and the United States) was completed; this was known as the Women's Torah Project.[180][181]
    • The first Tibetan Buddhist nunnery in America (Vajra Dakini Nunnery in Vermont), offering novice ordination in the Drikung Kagyu lineage of Buddhism, was officially consecrated.[155]
    • In Northern California, 4 novice nuns were given the full bhikkhuni ordination in the Thai Therevada tradition, which included the double ordination ceremony. Bhante Gunaratana and other monks and nuns were in attendance. It was the first such ordination ever in the Western hemisphere.[182] The following month, more full ordinations were completed in Southern California, led by Walpola Piyananda and other monks and nuns. The bhikkhunis ordained in Southern California were Lakshapathiye Samadhi (born in Sri Lanka), Cariyapanna, Susila, Sammasati (all three born in Vietnam), and Uttamanyana (born in Myanmar).[183]
    • With the October 16, 2010, ordination of Margaret Lee, in the Peoria-based Diocese of Quincy, Illinois, women have been ordained as priests in all 110 dioceses of the Episcopal Church in the United States.[184][185]
  • 2011:
    • From October 2010 until spring 2011, Julie Seltzer, one of the female sofers from the Women's Torah Project (see above in 2010), scribed a Sefer Torah as part of an exhibition at the Contemporary Jewish Museum in San Francisco. This makes her the first American female sofer to scribe a Sefer Torah; Julie Seltzer was born in Philadelphia and is non-denominationally Jewish.[180][186][187][188]
    • The Evangelical Presbyterian Church's 31st General Assembly voted to allow congregations to call women to ordained ministry, even if their presbytery (governing body) objects for theological or doctrinal reasons. Such congregations will be allowed to leave the objecting presbytery (such as the Central South, which includes Memphis) and join an adjacent one that permits the ordination of women.[189]
    • The American Catholic Church in the United States, ACCUS, ordained their first woman priest, Kathleen Maria MacPherson, on June 12, 2011.[190]
  • 2012:
    • Ilana Mills was ordained, thus making her, Jordana Chernow-Reader, and Mari Chernow the first three female siblings in America to become rabbis.[191]
    • Miri Gold, born in the United States, became the first non-Orthodox rabbi (and the first female rabbi) to have her salary paid by the Israeli government.[192]
    • Christine Lee was ordained as the Episcopal Church's first female Korean-American priest.[193]
  • 2013:
    • The Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, the largest Lutheran denomination in the U.S., elected its first female presiding bishop (the Revd Elizabeth Eaton).[194]
    • Mary Froiland was the first woman elected as a bishop in the South-Central Synod of Wisconsin of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of America.[195]
    • On September 22, 2013, Congregation Beth Elohim of New York dedicated a new Torah, which members of Beth Elohim said was the first Torah in New York City to be scribed by a woman.[196] The Torah was scribed by Linda Coppleson.[197]
    • The first class of female halachic advisers trained to practice in the U.S. graduated; they graduated from the North American branch of Nishmat's yoetzet halacha program in a ceremony at Congregation Sheartith Israel, Spanish and Portuguese Synagogue in Manhattan.[198]
    • On October 27, 2013, Sandra Roberts became the first woman to lead a Seventh-day Adventist conference when she was elected as president of the Southeastern California Conference.[199] However, the worldwide Seventh-day Adventist church did not recognize this because presidents of conferences must be ordained pastors and the worldwide church did not recognize the ordination of women.[199]
    • Yeshivat Maharat, located in the United States, became the first Orthodox Jewish institution to consecrate female clergy. The graduates of Yeshivat Maharat did not call themselves "rabbis." The title they were given is "maharat."[200] However, in 2015 Yaffa Epstein was ordained as Rabba by the Yeshivat Maharat.[201] Also that year, Lila Kagedan was ordained as Rabbi by the Yeshivat Maharat, making her their first graduate to take the title Rabbi.[202]
  • 2014:
  • 2015:
    • Mira Rivera became the first Filipino-American woman to be ordained as a rabbi.[210]
    • The Women's Mosque of America, which claims to be America's first female-only mosque, opened in Los Angeles.[211][212]
    • In the GC session in Dallas on July 9, 2015, Seventh-day Adventists voted not to allow their regional church bodies to ordain women pastors.[213]
    • Yaffa Epstein was ordained as Rabba by the Yeshivat Maharat, located in the United States.[201]
    • Lila Kagedan was ordained as Rabbi by the Yeshivat Maharat, located in the United States, making her their first graduate to take the title Rabbi.[202]
    • The Rabbinical Council of America passed a resolution which states, "RCA members with positions in Orthodox institutions may not ordain women into the Orthodox rabbinate, regardless of the title used; or hire or ratify the hiring of a woman into a rabbinic position at an Orthodox institution; or allow a title implying rabbinic ordination to be used by a teacher of Limudei Kodesh in an Orthodox institution."[214]
    • The Agudath Israel of America denounced moves to ordain women, and went even further, declaring Yeshivat Maharat, Yeshivat Chovevei Torah, Open Orthodoxy, and other affiliated entities to be similar to other dissident movements throughout Jewish history in having rejected basic tenets of Judaism.[215][216][217]
  • 2016: Lila Kagedan became the first female clergy member hired by an Orthodox synagogue while using the title "rabbi."[218][219][220][221] This occurred when Mount Freedom Jewish Center in New Jersey, which is Open Orthodox, hired Kagedan to join their "spiritual leadership team."[219][220][221]
  • 2017:
  • 2018:
  • 2019:
    • Ohio minister Donna Barrett was elected as Assemblies of God general secretary, which was the first time the Assemblies of God General Council elected a woman to its executive leadership; she had been appointed to the post the previous year, which had made her the first woman to fill a seat on the Assemblies of God's six-person executive leadership team.[229]
    • A social statement from the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, titled "Faith, Sexism, and Justice: A Call to Action", was approved by the ELCA's Churchwide Assembly on August 9; it calls sexism and patriarchy sins and acknowledges the church's complicity in them.[230]

2020s

[edit]
  • 2022:
    • The Rocky Mountain Conference (RMC) of the Seventh-day Adventist Church approved ordaining women pastors.[231]
  • 2023:
  • In June 2023, the Christian and Missionary Alliance of the United States approved women being ordained as pastors, but only if the women's local church leadership approves, and never as senior or lead pastors.[232]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f "Timeline of Women in American Methodism". Archives.umc.org. 2006-11-06. Retrieved 2010-11-19.
  2. ^ "Religious Tolerance.org on Quakers". Religioustolerance.org. Retrieved 2010-11-19.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "When churches started to ordain women". Religioustolerance.org. Retrieved 2010-11-19.
  4. ^ Ford, James Ishmael (2006). Zen Master Who?. Wisdom Publications. p. 60. ISBN 0-86171-509-8.
  5. ^ Lopez Jr., Donald S. (2016). "The Life of the Lotus Sutra". Tricycle Maqgazine (Winter).
  6. ^ "Antoinette Brown Blackwell (1825-1921)". Electronic Oberlin Group. Oberlin College Archives. Retrieved 2013-10-17.
  7. ^ "Antoinette Brown Blackwell". 5.uua.org. 1921-11-05. Archived from the original on 2011-08-07. Retrieved 2010-11-19.
  8. ^ "A Movement Begins". Womensordination.org. 1977-06-30. Archived from the original on 2010-10-13. Retrieved 2010-11-19.
  9. ^ Dorothy May Emerson; June Edwards; Helene Knox (2000). Standing before us: Unitarian Universalist women and social reform, 1776–1936. Unitarian Universalist Association of Congregations. p. 460. ISBN 978-1558963801.
  10. ^ "Timeline of Women in Methodism". umc.org. The United Methodist Church.
  11. ^ "Female Ordination Controversy in Methodist Episcopal Church - Timeline Event". thearda.com.
  12. ^ Malone, David (2010-12-06). "Julia Smith bible translation (1876) | ReCollections". Recollections.wheaton.edu. Retrieved 2015-05-10.
  13. ^ "Who is Mary Baker Eddy?". Christianscience.com. Archived from the original on 2010-11-22. Retrieved 2010-11-19.
  14. ^ Stark, Rodney (1988). "The Rise and Fall of Christian Science", Journal of Contemporary Religion, 13(2), p. 189.
  15. ^ Mary Baker Eddy. Manual of the Mother Church. 89th ed., Boston: The First Church of Christ, Scientist, 1908 [1895], pp. 17–18.
  16. ^ "Anna Howard Shaw Biography". Biography.com. 1919-07-02. Archived from the original on 2011-06-10. Retrieved 2010-11-19.
  17. ^ "Julie Rosewald: America's first woman cantor". Retrieved 6 October 2014.
  18. ^ "The Forgotten Woman Cantor: Julie Rosewald Now Getting Her Due – The Jewish Week". The Jewish Week. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
  19. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2016-08-26.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  20. ^ "Louisa Mariah Layman Woosley". Cumberland.org. Retrieved 2010-11-19.
  21. ^ "The United Methodist Church And Homosexuality". Religioustolerance.org. Retrieved 2010-11-19.
  22. ^ "Ray Frank: "Lady Preacher" of the West". Jewish Women's Archive. 2009-09-14. Archived from the original on 2010-11-05. Retrieved 2010-11-19.
  23. ^ "Anna Alexander". Satucket.com. Retrieved 2018-07-30.
  24. ^ Maneck, Susan (1994). "Women in the Bahá'í Faith". In Sharma, Arvind (ed.). Religion and women. SUNY Press. pp. 211–228. ISBN 978-0-7914-1689-1.
  25. ^ Mark Smith (2012-05-11). "Celebration of first woman minister". Heraldscotland.com. Retrieved 2013-11-12.
  26. ^ Women, the Church and Ministry: Celebrating 100 years of women's ordination in the UK.
  27. ^ "Fundamentalist Pillar". Time. July 8, 1946. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 2007-09-25. Fundamentalist ecstasy and hallelujah-shouting were a vital part of masterful, deep-voiced Alma White's faith. On it she built a sect called Pillar of Fire — with 4,000 followers, 61 churches, seven schools, ten periodicals and two broadcasting stations. Last week, as it must even to 'the only woman bishop in the world,' Death came to the Pillar of Fire's 84-year-old founder.
  28. ^ "Bishop v. Drink". Time. December 18, 1939. Archived from the original on 23 August 2007. Retrieved 2007-08-21. Her church became known as the Pillar of Fire. Widowed, Mrs. White started a pious, shouting, camp-meeting community in New Jersey, named it Zarephath after the place where the 'widow woman' sustained Elijah. Alma White was soon acting like a bishop toward her flock [and] Pillar of Fire consecrated her as such in 1918. [She] built 49 churches, three colleges. She edits six magazines, travels continually between Zarephath and the West. ... She has two radio stations, WAWZ at Zarephath, KPOF in Denver, where her Alma Temple is also a thriving concern. ...
  29. ^ "The Helen Barrett Montgomery Endowed Fund for the Program for the Study of Women and Gender in Church and Society" Archived 2011-09-28 at the Wayback Machine, Statement for Campaign Support, Colgate Rochester Crozer Divinity School, accessed 14 July 2011
  30. ^ American Reform responsa By Central Conference of American Rabbis, Walter Jacob (pg. 25)
  31. ^ "Sally Jane Priesand b. 1946". Jewish Women's Archive. Retrieved 2010-11-19.
  32. ^ a b "The First American Bat Mitvah". Jewish Virtual Library. 1922-03-18. Retrieved 2013-04-13.
  33. ^ Waskow, Arthur Ocean and Phyllis Ocean Berman. Excerpt from A Time for Every Purpose Under Heaven Farrar, Straus and Giroux, LLC at "History of Bat Mizvah". Archived from the original on October 13, 2007. Retrieved 2007-10-10.
  34. ^ a b "Events | Sarah Dickson Becomes First Female Presbyterian Elder | Timeline | The Association of Religion Data Archives". www.thearda.com.
  35. ^ Wadland, Justin (March 5, 2019). "Pratt, Sunya (1898–1986)". HistoryLink. Retrieved June 13, 2020.
  36. ^ "Tehilla Lichtenstein | Jewish Women's Archive". Jewish Women's Archive. Retrieved 2012-07-23.
  37. ^ Miller, Russell (1987). Bare-Faced Messiah: The True Story of L. Ron Hubbard. H. Holt. ISBN 0-8050-0654-0.
  38. ^ a b Atack, Jon (1990). A Piece of Blue Sky: Scientology, Dianetics and L. Ron Hubbard Exposed. Carol Publishing. ISBN 0-8184-0499-X.
  39. ^ Hubbard, L. Ron (October 1958). The Story of Dianetics and Scientology, Lecture 18 (Speech). by 1947, I had achieved clearing.
  40. ^ Levy, Alan (1968-11-15). "Scientology". Life.
  41. ^ Michener, Wendy (1966-08-22). "Is This the Happiest Man in the World?". Maclean's.
  42. ^ "Ackerman, Paula Herskovitz". Jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Retrieved 2014-08-25.
  43. ^ "Maud Jensen, 1904–1998". Gcah.org. Archived from the original on 2012-03-25. Retrieved 2010-11-19.
  44. ^ LIFE Nov 12, 1956. 1956-11-12. Retrieved 2010-11-19.
  45. ^ Encyclopedia of women and religion in North America, Volume 1 By Rosemary Skinner Keller, Rosemary Radford Ruether, Marie Cantlon (pg. 294)
  46. ^ "NAPC – National Association of Presbyterian Clergywomen". Napconline.org. Archived from the original on 2013-09-28. Retrieved 2013-10-12.
  47. ^ "Women Ministers (1955–1966) and Margaret Towner". Pres-outlook.net. 6 February 2006. Retrieved 2013-10-12.
  48. ^ "The ordination of Elizabeth Alvina Platz into the clergy of the Lutheran Church in America". Elca.org. Retrieved 2010-11-19.
  49. ^ "Wisdom Has Blessed Us". Elca.org. Retrieved 2010-11-19.
  50. ^ "History of the ELCA A Union of Common Beliefs". Elca.org. 1988-01-01. Retrieved 2010-11-19.
  51. ^ Encyclopedia of women and religion in North America, Volume 1 By Rosemary Skinner Keller, Rosemary Radford Ruether, Marie Cantlon (pg. 317)
  52. ^ "America's First Female Rabbi Reflects on Four Decades Since Ordination". eJewish Philanthropy. 8 May 2012.
  53. ^ "Newspaper clipping highlights one of world's first female rabbis". University of Southern Mississippi.
  54. ^ Klassen, Mary E. (2013-04-01). "AMBS book explores impact of first ordination of woman pastor". Mennonite World Review. Archived from the original on 2013-10-22. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
  55. ^ "Professor Katie Cannon, first black woman ordained in PC(USA), dies at 68". The Presbyterian Outlook. August 9, 2018. Retrieved August 11, 2018.
  56. ^ a b "Celebrating the Philadelphia Eleven". Archived from the original on 2011-11-23. Retrieved 2012-01-21.
  57. ^ "Sandy Sasso ordained as first female Reconstructionist rabbi". This Week in History. Jewish Women's Archive. Retrieved 24 December 2010.
  58. ^ "Episcopal News Service: Press Release # 75313". episcopalarchives.org.
  59. ^ "George Barrett; Episcopal Bishop Defied Church to Ordain 4 Women Priests". Los Angeles Times. 5 December 2000.
  60. ^ "American Jewish Women as Cantors".
  61. ^ "22 Women Now Ordained As Rabbis Most of Them Do Not Have Pulpits | Jewish Telegraphic Agency". Archive.jta.org. 1979-08-23. Retrieved 2013-11-12.
  62. ^ "The little shul that could: With just seven members, San Jose congregation keeps chugging along | j. the Jewish news weekly of Northern California". Jweekly.com. 2013-02-14. Retrieved 2013-11-12.
  63. ^ Tweti, Mira (Winter 2006). "Daughters of Buddha". Tricycle Magazine. The Tricycle Foundation. Retrieved 2016-09-23.
  64. ^ "Rabbi Bonnie Koppell". Jewish Virtual Library. AICE. Retrieved 2013-10-17.
  65. ^ "Conservative Female Cantor Fits in Religion: Linda Rich Follows Sweet-voiced Forefathers' Career Path". Goliath.ecnext.com. 1980-01-01. Retrieved 2014-08-25.
  66. ^ a b "Clevelander becomes first woman to lead Latvian Evangelical Lutheran Church". cleveland.com. 17 April 2015. Retrieved 2015-04-18.
  67. ^ "Cantor Dr. Mindy Jacobsen". NY State Senate. May 13, 2015.
  68. ^ "Overcoming the Odds: Cantor Mindy F. Jacobsen | American Conference of Cantors". American Conference of Cantors. Archived from the original on 2012-04-22. Retrieved 2011-11-06.
  69. ^ "Matilda Ziegler Magazine for the Blind » Feature Writer – Romeo". Matildaziegler.com. Archived from the original on 2012-04-25. Retrieved 2011-11-06.
  70. ^ "Brooklyn Ny - Accessible-Technology Pioneer Spearheads Efforts Helping Blind Students". Nycblink.com. 2011-10-31. Retrieved 2011-11-06.
  71. ^ "History of Women's Involvement in the RCA". Rca.org. Retrieved 2013-11-12.
  72. ^ "22 Women Now Ordained As Rabbis Most of Them Do Not Have Pulpits | Jewish Telegraphic Agency". Archive.jta.org. 1979-08-23. Retrieved 2013-10-12.
  73. ^ The New York Times (18 August 1979). "First woman rabbi to head template seeks to lead way for more women". The Ledger. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
  74. ^ Goldstein, Elyse (2009). New Jewish Feminism: Probing the Past, Forging the Future – Elyse Goldstein. Jewish Lights Pub. ISBN 9781580233590. Retrieved 2012-07-21.
  75. ^ O'Donnell, Maureen (December 15, 2014). "Rev. Earlean Miller, first African-American woman ordained a Lutheran pastor, dead at 78". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved December 18, 2014.
  76. ^ "An Orthodox woman rabbi by any other name - Haaretz - Israel News". Archived from the original on 2009-05-28. Retrieved 2021-08-02.
  77. ^ "Drisha Institute graduates its first female Talmud scholars". Jewish Women's Archive.
  78. ^ "Church to celebrate life of Catholic priest who found peace as a transgender woman".
  79. ^ "Catechism of the Catholic Church - IntraText". www.vatican.va. Retrieved 2022-11-08.
  80. ^ "Stances of Faiths on LGBTQ Issues: Roman Catholic Church". Human Rights Campaign. Retrieved 2022-11-08.
  81. ^ "Jewish Heroes in America". Archived from the original on 10 May 2013. Retrieved 29 October 2014.
  82. ^ "Pioneering rabbi finds deep satisfaction in storytelling, living life...", Albuquerque Journal, January 2, 2000. "Gottlieb, a nationally known storyteller, was the first woman to be ordained as a rabbi in the Jewish Renewal movement and the third generation in her family to found a synagogue.
  83. ^ "Advisory Board : Who We Are : Embodied Jewish spiritual leadership, creativity and community from an earth-honoring, feminist perspective : Kohenet". Archived from the original on 2011-09-18. Retrieved 2011-11-18.
  84. ^ "Lynn Gottlieb". Retrieved 29 October 2014.
  85. ^ "Einat Ramon". Retrieved 2010-11-19.
  86. ^ "Certificates for Graduates of the Life Texts – Talmudic Bibliotherapy Program Presented at HUC-JIR/Jerusalem Ordination and Academic Convocation". Hebrew Union College – Jewish Institute of Religion. Archived from the original on April 3, 2012.
  87. ^ "Works by Chögyam Trungpa and His Students". Dharma Haven. June 23, 1999. Retrieved 2013-10-14.
  88. ^ "Ani Pema Chödrön". Gampoabbey.org. Archived from the original on 2010-11-17. Retrieved 2010-11-19.
  89. ^ The Women's Haftarah Commentary (pg. 493)
  90. ^ "New spiritual leader takes helm at Winnipeg temple". Jewishtribune.ca. 2008-10-29. Archived from the original on 2011-11-30. Retrieved 2010-11-19.
  91. ^ a b "Claiming their Citizenship: African-American Women from 1624–2009". Nwhm.org. Archived from the original on 2012-02-27. Retrieved 2013-11-12.
  92. ^ "Our history". About. Radlett Reform Synagogue. Archived from the original on 27 January 2015. Retrieved 1 February 2015.
  93. ^ "A JEWISH TELEGRAPH NEWSPAPER". www.jewishtelegraph.com.
  94. ^ Harrow, Judy. "Judy Harrow". Judy Harrow. Retrieved 2013-10-17.
  95. ^ Goldman, Ari L. (19 August 1991). "Gerson D. Cohen Is Dead at 66; Ex-Chancellor of Jewish Seminary". The New York Times.
  96. ^ Goldman, Ari (13 May 1985). "Conservative Jews Ordain Woman". New York Times.
  97. ^ Cary, Carolyn (1999-10-12). "South side's first Jewish congregation ready to move forward". The Citizen Online: In the News. The Citizen Online. Archived from the original on 2013-10-19. Retrieved 2013-10-17.
  98. ^ Jewish Women in America: A-L. Taylor & Francis. 1997. ISBN 9780415919340. Retrieved 2011-12-16.
  99. ^ "A woman cantor celebrates 20 years in a pioneering role". Njjewishnews.com. 2008-01-31. Retrieved 2011-12-16.
  100. ^ Goldman, Ari L. (1987-02-06). "A Sex Barrier for Cantors is Broken". The New York Times. Retrieved 2012-08-26.
  101. ^ Stevens, William K. (1988-10-26). "U.S. Woman Is Named Reborn Buddhist Saint". The New York Times. Retrieved 2010-11-19.
  102. ^ Marcus Moraes. "Brazil's First Female Rabbi Takes Praise – and Surprise – in Stride". Jewishfederations.org. Archived from the original on 2011-07-20. Retrieved 2010-11-19.
  103. ^ "First woman rabbi in Israel sees slow gains for Reform movement". Jweekly.com. 1996-02-02. Retrieved 2010-11-19.
  104. ^ New Jewish feminism: probing the past, forging the future By Elyse Goldstein (pg. 197)
  105. ^ Suzanne D. Rutland (2 November 2005). The Jews in Australia. Cambridge University Press. p. 114. ISBN 978-1-139-44716-4. Retrieved 2013-10-17.
  106. ^ "The Sisterhood 50 America's Influential Women Rabbis". Forward.com. 22 July 2010. Retrieved 2010-11-19.
  107. ^ "Chana Timoner". Local. Orlando Sentinel. 1998-07-18. Retrieved 2013-10-17.
  108. ^ "Chutzpah : Summer 2012" (PDF). Pageturnpro.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-10-19. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
  109. ^ "Pre-Ordination Benefit Concert at Merkin Hall on May 11". Academy for Jewish Religion. 2011-04-07. Retrieved 2013-10-17.
  110. ^ a b "Rabbis Gone Wise". The Florence Melton Adult Mini-School. The Florence Melton School of Adult Jewish Learning. Archived from the original on 2013-10-19. Retrieved 2013-10-17.
  111. ^ a b "Reform rabbit gets post in Ukraine". Religion. The Gainesville Sun. New York City. 1993-09-11. pp. 5D. Retrieved 2013-10-17.
  112. ^ "A First: Female Rabbi Servine in Ukraine". Lilith Magazine. Fall 1993. Retrieved 2013-10-17.
  113. ^ "Reform rabbi in Ukraine". Religion. Telegraph Herald. New York. 1993-09-18. pp. 10A. Retrieved 2013-10-17.
  114. ^ Cohen, Diane (September 2009). "A message of Progress". North Virginia Magazine: Family Features. North Virginia Magazine. Archived from the original on 2013-10-19. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
  115. ^ Viera, Stacey (27 March 2013). "A Taste of Brazil Flavors Passover". Jewish Food Experience. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
  116. ^ "Rabbi Lia Bass". Etz Hayim Congregation. Trustees of Congregation Etz Hayim. Archived from the original on 2013-10-19. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
  117. ^ "Spring 2012 Letters". CJ Online. Archived from the original on 2013-09-27. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
  118. ^ Gruenbaum, Julie (2009-05-06). "Glass Ceiling Twice Shattered at Board of Rabbis". Jewishjournal.com. Retrieved 2010-11-19.
  119. ^ "Temple Emanuel Clergy". Tebh.org. 2006-08-24. Archived from the original on 2012-02-29. Retrieved 2010-11-19.
  120. ^ a b Rajan, Amol (2008-10-17). "First woman to lead Muslim prayers angers traditionalists". London: Independent.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2010-05-23. Retrieved 2010-11-19.
  121. ^ Ferrell, Vance (October 1995). "The Women,s Ordination at Silgo Part 1-3" (PDF). Waymarks. WM 649–651. Pilgrim's Rest. Retrieved 2013-10-17.
  122. ^ "Rabbi Chava Koster Rabbi, Temple of Greenwich Village". Cuny.tv. Retrieved 2010-11-19.
  123. ^ "African American Faiths Show Innovation, New Divisions". Nathanielturner.com. Retrieved 2010-11-19.
  124. ^ "Groundbreaking Conference Promises To Shift The Nation's Consciousness". Prlog.org. Retrieved 2010-11-19.
  125. ^ "African American Faiths". Nathanielturner.com. Retrieved 2010-11-19.
  126. ^ Goodstein, Laurie (1998-02-06). "Unusual, but Not Unorthodox; Causing a Stir, 2 Synagogues Hire Women to Assist Rabbis". The New York Times. Retrieved 2010-11-19.
  127. ^ Gruenbaum Fax, Julie (1998-06-11). "B'nai David-Judea's Renaissance". Community. JewishJournal.co. Tribe Media Corp. Archived from the original on 2014-01-11. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
  128. ^ "Article: First Female Rabbi in Belarus travels the Hinterlands: On the Road with Nelly Shulman". Highbeam.com. 2001-03-23. Archived from the original on 2012-11-05. Retrieved 2010-11-19.
  129. ^ Caryn Aviv; David Shneer (2005). New Jews: The End of the Jewish Diaspora. NYU Press. p. 44. ISBN 978-0-8147-4018-7. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
  130. ^ Encyclopedia of women and religion in North America, Volume 2 By Rosemary Skinner Keller, Rosemary Radford Ruether, Marie Cantlon (pg. 642)
  131. ^ Roko Sherry Chayat. "The Lost Lineage". Buddhadharma. Archived from the original on 2010-05-30. Retrieved 2010-11-19.
  132. ^ "About the First Satanic Church". First Satanic Church.
  133. ^ "A place in the church". The Lutheran. 1999. [dead link]
  134. ^ "Signs of change". The Lutheran. 1999. [dead link]
  135. ^ a b "Cantor Angela Warnick Buchdahl – the face of the modern Jew". Jewishtimesasia.org. Retrieved 2010-11-19.
  136. ^ a b "Angela Warnick Buchdahl invested as first Asian-American cantor". Jewish Women's Archive. 1999-05-16. Retrieved 2010-11-19.
  137. ^ Hoyt, Carolyn (August 1994). "Stolen Childhood: A Survivor of the Holocaust". McCall's Magazine. The New York Times Company. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
  138. ^ "In Memoriam: Rabbi Helga Newmark, z"l". Hebrew Union College – Jewish Institute of Religion: News Center. Hebrew Union College. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
  139. ^ "Cantors: American Jewish Women". Jewish Women's Archive. 23 June 2021.
  140. ^ Bettye Collier-Thomas (2 February 2010). Jesus, Jobs, and Justice: African American Women and Religion. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. pp. 114–. ISBN 978-0-307-59305-4.
  141. ^ Olivia Cloud (21 November 2006). Joy to the World: Inspirational Christmas Messages from America's Preachers. Simon and Schuster. pp. 377–. ISBN 978-1-4165-4000-7.
  142. ^ Willan, Philip; Connolly, Kate (2002-08-06). "Vatican casts out 'ordained' women". The Guardian. London.
  143. ^ "Valid, but illicit". Goliath.ecnext.com. 1980-01-01. Retrieved 2014-08-25.
  144. ^ "History of Roman Catholic Womenpriests Movement". Roman Catholic Womenpriests. Roman Catholic Womenpriests-USA, Inc. 2002. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
  145. ^ "Khenmo Drolma". Vajradakininunnery.org. Archived from the original on 2010-06-01. Retrieved 2010-11-19.
  146. ^ dan pine (14 October 2011). "New lecture series in Oakland hopes to generate a better acceptance of Jews of color". jweekly.com.
  147. ^ "China, Israel and Judaism". shma.com.
  148. ^ "Shorts: Bay Area". jweekly.com. 21 November 2003.
  149. ^ "北陸・甲信越の介護老人施設の介護士・看護師・求人・評判【介護の窓口】". kaigo-madoguchi.net. Archived from the original on January 14, 2011.
  150. ^ "Carolina Buddhist Vihara (n.d.)". Archived from the original on September 7, 2010.
  151. ^ Bhāvanā Society Forest Monastery (2007) Archived 2017-11-18 at the Wayback Machine, p. 165.
  152. ^ "This Rabbi Wears Combat Boots". Reform Judaism online. Union for Reform Judaism. Spring 2010. Archived from the original on 2013-10-19. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
  153. ^ "First Female Rabbi in the United States Air Force, Chaplain, Captain Sarah D. Schechter, to Keynote at Forest Lawn-Cypress' 41st Annual Memorial Day Celebration". Business Wire. Cypress, California, USA. 2005-05-23. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
  154. ^ "Rabbi Janet Marder becomes president of Central Conference of American Rabbis (CCAR)". Jewish Women's Archive. 2003-03-26. Retrieved 2010-11-19.
  155. ^ a b "Vajra Dakini Nunnery". Vajra Dakini Nunnery. Retrieved 2010-11-19.
  156. ^ MJ Rudnick, mjrudnick@mediazoa.com. "About Rabbi Barbara". Rabbibarbara.com. Archived from the original on 2010-10-31. Retrieved 2010-11-19.
  157. ^ Johnson, Dr. Judith (Winter 2004–2005). "Ordinations on the St. Lawrence". New Women, New Church. 27 (4). Women's Ordination Conference. Archived from the original on 2013-10-17. Retrieved 2013-10-16.
  158. ^ Haughney, Christine (2009-02-14). "'It's Not Even Six Degrees of Separation. It's One'". The New York Times. Amherst, N.Y. Retrieved 2013-10-15.
  159. ^ "Susan Wehle". Buffalonews.com. 2010-08-21. Retrieved 2010-11-19.
  160. ^ James Ishmael Ford (2006). Zen Master Who?: A Guide to the People and Stories of Zen. Wisdom Publications. pp. 166–. ISBN 978-0-86171-509-1. Retrieved 15 October 2013.
  161. ^ "Background story for Sister Khema". Dhammasukha.org. Archived from the original on 2013-11-12. Retrieved 2013-11-12.
  162. ^ Tippen, Molly (31 July 2010). "Female rabbi thrives at Farmington Hills temple". The Oakland Press.
  163. ^ Luo, Michael (21 August 2006). "An Orthodox Jewish Woman, and Soon, a Spiritual Leader". The New York Times.
  164. ^ Quran (2007). The Sublime Quran: Laleh Bakhtiar: 9781567447507: Amazon.com: Books. Islamicworld.com. ISBN 978-1567447507.
  165. ^ Saffarzadeh Commemoration Due Iran Daily, October 18, 2010
  166. ^ Art News in Brief Tehran Times, October 28, 2008
  167. ^ "A new look at a holy text – tribunedigital-chicagotribune". Articles.chicagotribune.com. 2007-04-10. Retrieved 2015-05-10.
  168. ^ Useem, Andrea (2007-04-18). "Laleh Bakhtiar: An American Woman Translates the Qur'an". Publishersweekly.com. Retrieved 2015-05-10.
  169. ^ Aslan, Reza (20 November 2008). "How To Read the Quran". Slate. Retrieved 8 July 2011.
  170. ^ "Dharma Connections 2008 p.9" (PDF). Zen Center of Syracuse. Retrieved 2010-10-05.
  171. ^ Draper, Electa (2009-06-05). "Colorado woman to be first black female rabbi". Denverpost.com. Retrieved 2010-11-19.
  172. ^ "Cantor Tannoz Bahremand Foruzanfar". Ajrca.org. Archived from the original on 2013-07-27. Retrieved 2010-11-19.
  173. ^ The Beverly Hills Courier[permanent dead link] May 2009
  174. ^ "Kohenet: the Hebrew Priestess Institute, Launches its first Training Institute in Accord, NW". Jewish Women's Archive: This Week in History. Jewish Women's Archive. 2006-08-14. Retrieved 2013-10-16.
  175. ^ "Celebrating the First Lights of Women Rabbis". Jewish Women's Archive. Retrieved 29 October 2014.
  176. ^ "Sara Hurwitz adopts the title of Rabbah". Jewish Women's Archive. 2010-01-27. Retrieved 2010-11-19.
  177. ^ [1] Archived November 11, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
  178. ^ "Celebration in honor of Cantor Abbe Lyons". Tikkunvor.org. 2010-02-07. Archived from the original on 2012-03-06. Retrieved 2010-11-19.
  179. ^ Lipman, Steve (2010-08-04). "Weiss Moves Beyond 'Rabba'". New York News. The Jewish Week. New York: The Jewish Week, Inc. Retrieved 2013-10-16.
  180. ^ a b "CJM's resident scribe takes part in group Torah project in Seattle". Jewish News Weekly. 22 October 2010.
  181. ^ "Women's Torah dedicated in Seattle". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 16 October 2010.
  182. ^ Boorstein, Sylvia (2011-05-25). "Ordination of Bhikkhunis in the Theravada Tradition". Huffington Post.
  183. ^ Dr. Stephen Long. "Bhikkhuni Ordination in Los Angeles". Asiantribune.com. Retrieved 2013-11-12.
  184. ^ Burke, Daniel (2010-10-20). "Last Episcopal Holdout Ordains Female Priest". The Huffington Post. USA: TheHuffingtonPost.com, Inc. Retrieved 2013-10-15.
  185. ^ Fleet, Josh (2010-10-20). "Last Episcopal Holdout Ordains Female Priest". Huffingtonpost.com. Retrieved 2013-11-12.
  186. ^ "Torah Closing Program and Reception". Contemporary Jewish Museum. Archived from the original on April 8, 2011. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
  187. ^ Weber, Bruce (8 November 2009). "A Torah Scribe Pushes the Parchment Ceiling". The New York Times.
  188. ^ "CJM to celebrate end of groundbreaking Torah project". Jewish News Weekly. April 2011.
  189. ^ Waters, David. "Presbyterians meet in Memphis, seal deal on ordaining women". Commercialappeal.com. Retrieved 2013-11-12.
  190. ^ "The American Catholic Church in the United States". Accus.us. Retrieved 2013-11-12.
  191. ^ "Rabbinic sisterhood – Jewish News of Greater Phoenix". 27 January 2013.[dead link]
  192. ^ "Historic Decision in Israel: Rabbi Miri Gold Recognized by State". Union for Reform Judaism: 2012 Press Releases. New York: Union for Reform Judaism. 2012-05-29. Archived from the original on 2013-10-16. Retrieved 2013-10-16.
  193. ^ Mays, Jeff (2012-10-03). "Harlem Woman Becomes Episcopal Church's First Female Korean-American". Arts & Entertainment. DNAinfo New York. Harlem: DNAinfo.com. Archived from the original on 2013-10-21. Retrieved 2013-10-16.
  194. ^ French, Rose (2013-08-14). "Lutherans elect first female presiding bishop". StarTribune: Loval. StarTribune. Retrieved 2013-10-16.
  195. ^ Jensen, Debra (2013-10-10). "Next Lutheran bishop is woman from Beloit – Beloit Daily News: News". Beloit Daily News. Retrieved 2013-10-28.
  196. ^ "Congregation Beth Elohim in Park Slope dedicates new Torah for 150th anniversary". News12 Brooklyn. Archived from the original on 2015-06-02.
  197. ^ [2] Archived October 11, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
  198. ^ "Landmark US program graduates first female halachic advisers". The Times of Israel.
  199. ^ a b "RELIGION: Corona's Sandra Roberts makes Adventist history". Blog.pe.com. Archived from the original on 2013-10-29. Retrieved 2013-10-28.
  200. ^ "Jewish Daily Forward Podcast." Female Orthodox Leaders: New and Old. 21 June 2013. The Jewish Daily Forward. Web. 23 June 2013.
  201. ^ a b "Class of 2015". Yeshivat Maharat. Archived from the original on 2015-12-05. Retrieved 2016-11-03.
  202. ^ a b Rabbi Lila Kagedan (25 November 2015). "Why Orthodox Judaism needs female rabbis". The Canadian Jewish News.
  203. ^ "Belanger ordained as Episcopal Church's first French female priest". Episcopaldigitalnetwork.com. 2014-02-03. Archived from the original on 2014-11-29. Retrieved 2014-08-25.
  204. ^ "Episcopal Diocese of Md. elects first woman bishop". The Baltimore Sun.
  205. ^ "Waxman Inaugurated as Head of Reconstructionist Rabbinical College". Jewish Exponent.
  206. ^ "Reconstructionists Pick First Woman, Lesbian As Denominational Leader – The Jewish Week". The Jewish Week. Retrieved 29 October 2014.
  207. ^ "RRC Announces New President Elect" (PDF) (Press release). Wyncote, PA (USA): Reconstructionist Rabbinical College. 2013-10-09. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2013-10-16.
  208. ^ "Massachusetts Bishop Gayle Harris makes history in Welsh cathedral". Episcopal News Service. Archived from the original on 2016-08-26. Retrieved 2022-06-26.
  209. ^ "Welcome to LELBA.org – Sat, 18 Apr 2015 12:41:33 America/New_York". LELBAL.org. Retrieved 2015-04-18.
  210. ^ "First Fil-Am woman rabbi is also a racial justice activist". Usa.inquirer.net. 8 July 2019. Retrieved 2019-07-11.
  211. ^ "History made as possible first all-female mosque opens up in US". The Jerusalem Post - JPost.com. 31 January 2015.
  212. ^ "Women's Mosque Opens In L.A. With A Vision For The Future Of Muslim-American Leadership". The Huffington Post. 30 January 2015.
  213. ^ Boorstein, Michelle (2015-06-29). "Seventh-day Adventists vote against female ordination". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2015-07-13.
  214. ^ "Rabbinical Council of America officially bans ordination and hiring of women rabbis | Jewish Telegraphic Agency". Jta.org. 2015. Retrieved 2015-11-01.
  215. ^ "Moetzes: 'Open Orthodoxy' Not a Form of Torah Judaism". Hamodia.
  216. ^ "Breach in US Orthodox Judaism grows as haredi body rejects 'Open Orthodoxy' institutions". The Jerusalem Post - JPost.com. 3 November 2015.
  217. ^ Josh Nathan-Kazis (3 November 2015). "Avi Weiss Defends 'Open Orthodoxy' as Agudah Rabbis Declare War". The Forward.
  218. ^ The Forward First Woman Orthodox Rabbi Hired by Synagogue, January 3, 2016
  219. ^ a b "NJ Orthodox shul announces hire of woman using 'rabbi' title". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 11 January 2016.
  220. ^ a b Jewish Press News Briefs (21 March 2016). "The Jewish Press » » Rabbi Lila Kagedan, First Female Rabbi at Orthodox Shul in Melbourne". The Jewish Press.
  221. ^ a b "Clergy – Walnut". Walnutstreetsynagogue.com. 2014-06-20. Archived from the original on 2018-05-11. Retrieved 2018-05-10.
  222. ^ "Orthodox Union bars women from serving as clergy in its synagogues – J". Jweekly.com. 2017-02-03. Retrieved 2017-02-04.
  223. ^ Turnoff, Jessica (2019-02-14). "From dating to language, 8 Jews with disabilities explain how communities fall short on inclusion – Jewish Telegraphic Agency". Jta.org. Retrieved 2019-02-21.
  224. ^ Turnoff, Jessica (2018-12-15). "JTA Twitter 50: Rabbi Ruti Regan – Jewish Telegraphic Agency". Jta.org. Retrieved 2019-02-21.
  225. ^ "Rabbi Lauren Tuchman".
  226. ^ "Reasonable Accommodations are a Torah Value – By Rabbi Lauren Tuchman". Respect Ability. 2019-01-25. Retrieved 2019-02-21.
  227. ^ Sales, Ben (2018). "Orthodox Union will not penalize synagogues that already have women clergy | Jewish Telegraphic Agency". Jta.org. Retrieved 2018-01-31.
  228. ^ Holmes, Kristin E. (7 May 2018). "S.E. Pa. Lutheran Synod elects first African American woman as bishop in denomination history". www.inquirer.com.
  229. ^ Americas (2019-08-08). "Assemblies of God Elects First Woman to Top Leadership Tea | News & Reporting". Christianity Today. Retrieved 2019-08-16.
  230. ^ "ELCA Churchwide Assembly calls sexism and patriarchy sins, condemns white supremacy – Religion News Service". Religionnews.com. 2019-08-09. Retrieved 2019-08-16.
  231. ^ "Rocky Mountain Conference Votes to Ordain Women Pastors". spectrummagazine.org.
  232. ^ Ian M. Giatti, In historic vote, Christian and Missionary Alliance approves 'priestly' roles for women, christianpost.com, USA, June 07, 2023
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_women_in_religion_in_the_United_States&oldid=1250224917"