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Homer Rodeheaver, circa 1912

Homer Alvan Rodeheaver (October 4, 1880 – December 18, 1955) was an American evangelist, music director, music publisher, composer of gospel songs, and pioneer in the recording of sacred music.

Early career

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Born in Cinco Hollow in Hocking County, Ohio, he was taken as a child to Jellico in eastern Tennessee and there worked with his father in the lumber mill business. Although he learned the mountain ballads, he preferred Negro spirituals because they emphasized harmony and rhythm and had a "definite religious purpose."[1] Rodeheaver early learned to play the cornet but switched to trombone while attending Ohio Wesleyan College, where he also served as a cheerleader.[2]

In 1898 he left college to serve in the Fourth Tennessee Band during the Spanish–American War. Around 1904 he joined evangelist W. E. Biederwolf as music director and then served, from 1910 to 1930, in the same role for Billy Sunday, the most popular evangelist of the period.[3] Shortly after Billy Sunday's death in 1935, Rodeheaver wrote a memoir of his relationship with the evangelist.[4]

Music director for Billy Sunday

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Homer Rodeheaver, circa 1910–1915

Rodeheaver—called "Rody" by associates and reporters alike—had a genial, extroverted personality. Although he was not ignorant or unappreciative of classical and traditional sacred music, Rodeheaver enjoyed and promoted lively new gospel songs among Sunday's congregations. Rodeheaver was a natural showman who could warm his audience with jokes and direct choirs and congregations with his trombone. For instance, he would say that his instrument was a "Methodist trombone" that would occasionally "backslide." Or he'd pull his lips from the mouthpiece and say, "Just imagine! I'm being paid just to do this!"[5]

When Lowell Thomas presented Rodeheaver to the New York Advertising Club, Rodeheaver succeeded in getting the advertising agents to sing "Pray the Clouds Away." Will Rogers said, "Rody is the fellow that can make you sing whether you want to or not. I think he has more terrible voices in what was supposed to be unison than any man in the world. Everyone sings for Rody!"[6] When Rodeheaver was introduced to John D. Rockefeller Sr., on a golf course, Rockefeller delayed his golf game long enough to sing with Rodeheaver, "I'll Go Where You Want Me to Go, Dear Lord."[7] In 1940, Rodeheaver led the singing for 250,000 people who attended the Wendell Willkie homecoming in Elwood, Indiana.[8]

In the days before electronic amplification, Rodeheaver quickly discovered that his trombone could be heard when his voice or the piano could not. He often led congregational singing with his trombone, switching from playing to directing halfway through the song and then allowing the trombone to hang on his arm at the elbow.[9] During a Sunday tent campaign in Kansas, a heavy storm with near-hurricane winds caused the top and sides to sag, and a quarter pole fell, striking a woman on the head. When the crowd panicked and rose to flee, Rodeheaver began playing his trombone and the crowd quieted.[7][10]

"H. A. Rodeheaver training chorus girls"

In his prime, Rodeheaver also used his baritone voice to good effect as a soloist and as a participant in ensembles composed of other members of Sunday's evangelistic team—especially duets with contralto Virginia Asher. During the heyday of the Sunday evangelistic campaigns, Rodeheaver directed the nation's largest choruses: from a few hundred to as many as two thousand volunteers in Sunday's various campaigns. To him there was nothing incongruous about having his choirs sing Horatio R. Palmer's gospel song "Master, the Tempest is Raging", followed by the Hallelujah Chorus from Handel's Messiah.[11]

Recording career

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Temperance movement song, "Molly and the baby, Don't you know", sung by Homer Rodeheaver, 1916

In 1913 Rodeheaver began recording for the Victor Talking Machine Company, a relationship that lasted for twenty years. He also recorded for Gennett, Columbia and for his own Rainbow Records label. Some of his records, such as "The Unclouded Day" and "The Great Judgment Morning," were so popular that they had to be rerecorded to keep up with demand. Other records featured Rodeheaver's recitations of sentimental poetry, such as Paul Laurence Dunbar's "When Malindy Sings" (1916).

Rodeheaver appeared on at least eighteen record labels and five hundred sides during his recording career. His most recorded piece was Sunday's theme song "Brighten The Corner Where You Are," which Rodeheaver recorded for at least 17 different labels. Rodeheaver's other most recorded titles were "Mother's Prayers Have Followed Me", "If Your Heart Keeps Right", "The Old Rugged Cross", "Since Jesus Came Into My Heart", "In The Garden", and "My Wonderful Dream".[12]

Music publisher

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In 1910, Rodeheaver started his own publishing business, the Rodeheaver Company, compiling gospel songs to sell at revivals. In 1936 Rodeheaver purchased the Hall-Mack Company and merged it with his own publishing house, headquartered in Winona Lake, Indiana. Rodeheaver employed songwriters such as B. D. Ackley and Charles H. Gabriel to write songs for his company, but he also composed a number of tunes himself, including most notably, "When Jesus Came." Around 1922, his company began issuing 78-rpm records on its own Rainbow label, the nation's first record company devoted solely to gospel music.[13] The Rodeheaver Company was acquired by Word Music in 1969.[14]

Billy Sunday perhaps paid Rodeheaver $80,000–90,000 over the course of their twenty-year partnership,[15] but Rodeheaver admitted that he made more than four times that amount from other sources, especially music publishing, during those same years.[16]

Personal life

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Rodeheaver founded Rainbow Ranch, later renamed Rodeheaver Boy's Ranch, a home for abused and abandoned boys in Palatka, Florida and visited it often, singing and playing the guitar for the boys. He created and subsidized the Rodeheaver School of Music at the Winona Lake Bible Conference, Indiana, a two-week-a-summer seminar to stimulate laymen to develop their musical abilities for their local churches. Rodeheaver traveled around the world on mission trips, and at the Dead Sea, while floating in the brine, he played "Brighten the Corner" on his trombone.[17] Introduced to the Moravian custom of an Easter sunrise service, Rodeheaver helped popularize the concept across the United States.

In 1912, Rodeheaver bought an old farm house on "Rainbow Point" at Winona Lake, Indiana and had it rebuilt to look like a ship—including adding a railing around its flat roof.[18] There he entertained hosts of preachers, businessmen, opera singers, and radio personalities, sometimes as many as twenty at a time. His business cards, living room rug, and bathroom towels featured rainbows, a reference to a line of a frequent theme song, "Every cloud will wear a rainbow/If your heart keeps right."[19]

Rodeheaver never married, though he "had a few very close brushes with matrimony" and even proposed to the Canadian-American evangelist Aimee Semple McPherson, who turned him down.[20] His half-sister Ruth and her husband, Jim Thomas, lived with him and served as his hostess. Rodeheaver "loved to be surrounded by women of charm and beauty, and with them his manner was always extremely gallant".[21] Mary Gaston Jones, the wife of evangelist Bob Jones, Sr., once said of Rodeheaver, "Here comes Homer with his oil can."[21]

Rodeheaver was a third degree Mason, Knights Templar (Freemasonry) and a Shriner. He was raised in Lake City-Warsaw Lodge No. 73, Warsaw, Indiana on December 30, 1914; demitted November 16, 1934 and reaffiliated December 1, 1952.

An associate recalled that Rodeheaver was never the same after his favorite trombone was stolen in February 1952.[22]

Death and legacy

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Rodeheaver died of heart failure at Winona Lake in 1955, aged 75. Auditoriums on the campuses of Bob Jones University, Greenville, South Carolina, and Grace College, Winona Lake, Indiana, are named for him.[23]

Rodeheaver was inducted into the Gospel Music Hall of Fame in 1973.[24]

References

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  1. ^ Wilhoit, 4.
  2. ^ Butterfield, 66.
  3. ^ Lyle W. Dorsett, Billy Sunday and the Redemption of Urban America (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1991), 1, 93–95.
  4. ^ Rodeheaver, Homer A. (1936). Twenty Years with Billy Sunday. Nashville: Cokesbury Press. OCLC 899999.
  5. ^ Wilhoit, 27.
  6. ^ Wilhoit, 31, 55.
  7. ^ a b "Homer A. Rodeheaver Dies. Funeral to be Tuesday". Warsaw Times-Union. December 19, 1955. Retrieved 2011-03-24. The 75-year-old founder and president of the world's largest publishing house of gospel music died Sunday morning at his picturesque Rainbow Point home on Winona Lake. Convalescing from a previous heart attack early in the week, Dr. Rodeheaver suffered a cerebral hemorrhage...
  8. ^ Butterfield, 62.
  9. ^ Porter, 34.
  10. ^ A similar incident occurred in Toledo when a section of bleachers crumbled in an armory where a meeting was being held.
  11. ^ Wilhoit, 24.
  12. ^ For a thorough discography, see Bob Olson, "Homer Rodeheaver, Pioneer of Sacred Records." Archived 2006-09-26 at the Wayback Machine
  13. ^ In 1969, long after Rodeheaver's death, the Rodeheaver Company was sold to Word of Waco, Texas. Porter, 103.
  14. ^ McNeil, W. K. (2013-10-18). "Rodeheaver, Homer Alvan". In W. K. McNeil (ed.). Encyclopedia of American Gospel Music. Routledge. pp. 320–322. ISBN 978-1-135-37700-7.
  15. ^ $80-90,000 was easily more than a million dollars at the beginning of the twenty-first century.
  16. ^ Porter, 93.
  17. ^ Butterfield, 66 includes a photograph of his playing in the Dead Sea.
  18. ^ At one point Rodeheaver had a sliding board extending from an upstairs room to the lake so that he could take a morning dip, but he removed it after Will Rogers wrote a newspaper column about it and strangers climbed up on his roof to use it. Porter, 34; Wilhoit, xvi, 58.
  19. ^ Butterfield, 59.
  20. ^ Edith Waldvogel Blumhofer, Aimee Semple McPherson: Everybody's Sister (Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, Inc., 1993), 333.
  21. ^ a b Jones, Cornbread and Caviar, 95. According to Jones, Rodeheaver also proposed to the operatic contralto Doris Doe, and she might have accepted but believed if any woman accepted Rodeheaver's proposal, "Homer got frightened and ran, and I wanted to keep his friendship; so I said no." Jones himself believed Rodeheaver was never "seriously in love with any woman. He was just in love with the idea of romance itself."
  22. ^ Wilhoit, 87–88. Another of Rodeheaver's trombones, a gold-plated one, is displayed in the lobby of Rodeheaver Auditorium at Bob Jones University. The Collegian [BJU], March 27, 2009; Accord [Office of Communications, Bob Jones University] 4: 8 (March 26, 2009), 3. Apparently Rodeheaver used the trombone he purchased at Ohio Wesleyan through his career as the music director for Billy Sunday. Porter, 33–37.
  23. ^ Rodeheaver contributed $25,000 to the construction of the building, easily $200,000 at the beginning of the 21st century.Accord [Office of Communications, Bob Jones University] 4: 8 (March 26, 2009), 3. Rodeheaver had earlier received an honorary degree from BJU in 1942.
  24. ^ "Inductees Archive". Gospel Music Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on 14 March 2018. Retrieved 13 March 2018.

Sources

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  • Kevin Mungons and Douglas Yeo, Homer Rodeheaver and the Rise of the Gospel Music Industry (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2021).
  • Roger Butterfield, "Homer Rodeheaver: A Happy Christian with One Old Trombone Is Successfully Preaching Salvation through Song," Life (September 3, 1945), 59-66.
  • Bob Jones, Jr., Cornbread and Caviar (Greenville, S.C.: Bob Jones University, 1985).
  • Thomas Henry Porter, "Homer Alvin Rodeheaver, Evangelist, Musician and Publisher" (Ph.D. diss., New Orleans Baptist Seminary, 1981).
  • Homer Rodeheaver, Twenty Years with Billy Sunday (Rodeheaver Hall-Mack Company, 1936).
  • Bert H. Wilhoit, Rody: Memories of Homer Rodeheaver (Greenville, S.C.: Bob Jones University Press, 2000).
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