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Template:LGBTQ rights table Americas

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Tables:

North America

[edit]
LGBTQ rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Bermuda Bermuda
(Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom) 		Yes Legal since 1994; equal age of consent since 2019
+ UN decl. sign.[1] 		Yes Domestic partnerships since 2018[2] No Was legal between November 2018 and March 2022 and between May 2017 and June 2018 Yes Legal since 2015[3] Yes UK responsible for defence No Bans all anti-gay discrimination[4] No
Canada Canada Yes Legal since 1969; equal age of consent since 1987
+ UN decl. sign.[1][5] 		Yes Domestic partnerships in Nova Scotia (2001);[6]
Civil unions in Quebec (2002);[7]
Adult interdependent relationships in Alberta (2003);[8]
Common-law relationships in Manitoba (2004)[9] 		Yes Legal in some provinces and territories since 2003, nationwide since 2005[10] Yes Legal in some provinces and territories since 1996, nationwide since 2011[11] Yes Since 1992[12]; Includes transgender people[13] Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination. Ban on conversion therapy since 2022 nationwide Yes Transgender people can change their gender and name without completion of medical intervention and human rights protections explicitly include gender identity or expression within all of Canada since 2017[14][15][16][17]
Greenland Greenland
(Autonomous Territory within the Kingdom of Denmark) 		Yes Legal since 1933; equal age of consent since 1977
+ UN decl. sign.[1] 		Yes Registered partnerships between 1996 and 2016 (Existing partnerships are still recognised.)[18] Yes Legal since 2016 Yes Stepchild adoption since 2009;[19]
joint adoption since 2016[20] 		Yes The Kingdom of Denmark responsible for defence Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination[1] Yes Legal gender change and recognition possible without surgery or hormone therapy[21][22]
Mexico Mexico Yes Legal since 1871
+ UN decl. sign.[1] 		Yes/No Civil unions in Mexico City (2007), Coahuila (2007),[23] Colima (between 2013 and 2016),[24] Campeche (2013),[25] Jalisco (between 2014 and 2018),[26] Michoacán (2015), Tlaxcala (2017), and Veracruz (2020) Yes Starting in 2010; nationwide since 2022 Yes/No Legal in Mexico City (2010),[27] Coahuila (2014), Chihuahua (2015), Jalisco (2016), Michoacán (2016), Colima (2016), Morelos (2016), Campeche (2016), Veracruz (2016), Baja California (2017), Querétaro (2017), Chiapas (2017), Puebla (2017), Aguascalientes (2018), San Luis Potosi (2019), Hidalgo (2019), Yucatán (2021), Nayarit (2022), Quintana Roo (2022), Baja California Sur (2022), Zacatecas (2023), Tabasco (2024), Durango, Tamaulipas, and Nuevo León (the latter three never had adoption bans)[28][29] (ambiguous) Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[30] Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal in Mexico City (2020), México (2020), Baja California Sur (2020), Colima (2021), Tlaxcala (2021), Oaxaca (2021), Yucatán (2021), Zacatecas (2021), Baja California (2022), Hidalgo (2022), Jalisco (2022), Puebla (2022), Sonora (2022), Nuevo León (2022), Querétaro (2023), Sinaloa (2023), Quintana Roo (2023), Morelos (2023), Guerrero (2024), and nationwide (2024). Yes/No Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name in Mexico City (2008),[31] Michoacán (2017), Nayarit (2017), Coahuila (2018), Hidalgo (2019), San Luis Potosí (2019), Colima (2019), Baja California (2019), Oaxaca (2019), Tlaxcala (2019), Chihuahua (2019), Sonora (2020), Jalisco (2020), Quintana Roo (2020), Puebla (2021), Baja California Sur (2021), México (2021), Morelos (2021), Sinaloa (2022), Zacatecas (2022), Durango (2023), Yucatán (2024), and Campeche (2024). [32]
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
(Overseas collectivity of France) 		Yes Legal since 1791
+ UN decl. sign.[1] 		Yes Civil solidarity pact since 1999[33] Yes Legal since 2013[34] Yes Legal since 2013[35] Yes Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[36] Yes Under French law[37]
United States United States Yes Legal in some states since 1962, nationwide since 2003
+ UN decl. sign.[1] 		Yes Domestic partnerships in California (1999), the District of Columbia (2002), Maine (2004), Washington (2007), Maryland (2008), Oregon (2008), Nevada (2009) and Wisconsin (2009).
Civil unions in Vermont (2000), Connecticut (2005), New Jersey (2007), New Hampshire (2008), Illinois (2011), Rhode Island (2011), Delaware (2012), Hawaii (2012) and Colorado (2013). 		Yes Legal in some states since 2004, nationwide since 2015 Yes Legal in some states since 1993, nationwide since 2016 Yes/No Lesbians, gays, and bisexuals have been allowed to serve openly in the U.S. military since 2011, following the repeal of the Don't Ask, Don't Tell policy.
Transgender people have been allowed to serve openly since 2021.[38]
"Transvestites" are currently banned from the military since 2012.[39]
Most openly Intersex people may be banned from the military under the Armed Forces ban of "hermaphrodites".[39] 		Yes/No Employment discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation is prohibited nationwide since 2020.
More extensive protections exist in 23 states, DC, and some municipalities.
Conversion therapy for minors is banned in 22 states, DC, and some municipalities.
Sexual orientation is covered by the federal hate crime law since 2009. 		Yes/No Since April 11, 2022 by legal self determination – gender X became available and recognized formally on US passports.[40] Gender change is legal on birth certificates (under varying conditions by state), in 48 states + DC.
Nonbinary gender markers are available, under varying circumstances, in 25 states + DC.
Employment discrimination on the basis of gender identity is prohibited nationwide since 2020.
More extensive protections exist in 22 states, DC, and some municipalities.
Gender identity is covered by the federal hate crime law since 2009.

Central America

[edit]
LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Belize Belize Yes Legal since 2016[41] No No No No Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[42][43][44] No[45]
Costa Rica Costa Rica Yes Legal since 1971
+ UN decl. sign.[1] 		Yes Unregistered cohabitation since 2014[46][47] Yes Legal since 2020 Yes Legal since 2020[48] Has no military Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[1] Yes/No Transgender persons can change their legal name without surgeries or judicial permission since 2018. Legal gender cannot be changed. Sex indicator removed from all ID cards issued since May 2018[49][50][51] One-time sex change allowed for passports. [52]
El Salvador El Salvador Yes Legal since 1822
+ UN decl. sign.[1] 		No No No Yes[53][54] Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[53] No[55] Bans discrimination based on gender identity.
Guatemala Guatemala Yes Legal since 1871
+ UN decl. sign.[1] 		No Pending No No Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination No[56]
Honduras Honduras Yes Legal since 1899
+ UN decl. sign.[1] 		No Constitutional ban on de facto unions since 2005 No Constitutional ban since 2005;[57][58] court decision pending No Constitutional ban since 2005 No Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[59] No
Nicaragua Nicaragua Yes Legal since 2008
+ UN decl. sign.[1] 		No No No Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination[1] No
Panama Panama Yes Legal since 2008
+ UN decl. sign.[1] 		No Court decision pending No Court decision pending No Court decision pending Has no military Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination[60][61] Yes Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name after completion of medical intervention since 2006[62][63]

Caribbean

[edit]
Main article: LGBT rights in the Caribbean
LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Anguilla Anguilla
(Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom) 		Yes Legal since 2001
Age of consent discrepancy
+ UN decl. sign.[1] 		No No No Yes UK responsible for defence No
Antigua and Barbuda Antigua and Barbuda Yes Legal since 2022 No No No No No No
Aruba Aruba
(Constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands) 		Yes Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country)
+ UN decl. sign.[1] 		Yes Registered partnerships since 2021[64] Yes [65] Yes Yes The Netherlands responsible for defence Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[66]
The Bahamas Bahamas Yes Legal since 1991;
Age of consent discrepancy
+ UN decl. sign.[1] 		No No No Yes[1] No No
Barbados Barbados Yes Legal since 2022. No/Yes Foreign Domestic Partnerships recognized for immigration purposes "Welcome Stamp"[67]

Civil Unions proposed.[68]

No No No Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination[69] No
Bonaire Bonaire
(a special municipality of the Netherlands) 		Yes Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the municipalities)
+ UN decl. sign.[1] 		Yes Registered partnerships since 2012[70] Yes Legal since 2012[71] Yes[72] Yes The Netherlands responsible for defence Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[73] Yes
British Virgin Islands British Virgin Islands
(Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom) 		Yes Legal since 2001
+ UN decl. sign.[1] 		No No No Yes UK responsible for defence Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[74] No
Cayman Islands Cayman Islands
(Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom) 		Yes Legal since 2001;
Age of consent discrepancy[1]
+ UN decl. sign. 		Yes Civil partnerships since 2020[75] No Yes Legal since 2020 Yes UK responsible for defence No No
Cuba Cuba Yes Legal since 1979
+ UN decl. sign.[1] 		Legal since 2022 Legal since 2022 Legal since 2022 Yes[1][76] Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination [77][78][79] Yes Transgender people allowed to change gender after sex change operations[80]
Curaçao Curaçao
(Constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands) 		Yes Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country)
+ UN decl. sign.[1] 		Yes Yes [81] Yes Yes The Netherlands responsible for defence Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[82]
Dominica Dominica Yes Legal since 2024[83]
+ UN decl. sign.[1] 		No No No Has no military Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination No
Dominican Republic Dominican Republic Yes Legal since 1822
+ UN decl. sign.[1] 		No No Constitutional ban since 2010[citation needed] No No[84] No No
Grenada Grenada No Male illegal
Penalty: 10-year prison sentence (not enforced). [85] Legalization proposed[86]
Yes Female always legal[1] 		No No No Has no military No No
Guadeloupe Guadeloupe
(Overseas department of France) 		Yes Legal since 1791
+ UN decl. sign.[1] 		Yes Civil solidarity pact since 1999[33] Yes Legal since 2013[34] Yes Legal since 2013[35] Yes France responsible for defence Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[36] Yes Under French law[37]
Haiti Haiti Yes Legal since 1791 (as Saint-Domingue)[1] No No No Has no military No No
Jamaica Jamaica No Male illegal
Penalty: 10 years and/or hard labor (Not enforced). Legalization proposed[87]
Yes Female always legal.[1] 		No No Constitutional ban since 1962 No No No No
Martinique Martinique
(Overseas department of France) 		Yes Legal since 1791
+ UN decl. sign.[1] 		Yes Civil solidarity pact since 1999[33] Yes Legal since 2013[34] Yes Legal since 2013[35] Yes France responsible for defence Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[36] Yes Under French law[37]
Montserrat Montserrat
(Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom) 		Yes Legal since 2001
+ UN decl. sign.[1] 		No No No Yes UK responsible for defence Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[88]
Puerto Rico Puerto Rico
(Commonwealth of the United States) 		Yes Legal since 2003 Yes Legal since 2015 Yes Legal since 2015[89] Yes Legal since 2015 Yes United States responsible for defense[90][91] Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination Yes Gender change legal since 2018; does not require surgery
Saba (island) Saba
(a special municipality of the Netherlands) 		Yes Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the municipalities)
+ UN decl. sign.[1] 		Yes Registered partnerships since 2012[70] Yes Legal since 2012[71] Yes[72] Yes The Netherlands responsible for defence Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[73] Yes[92]
Saint Barthélemy
(Overseas collectivity of France) 		Yes Legal since 1791
+ UN decl. sign.[1] 		Yes Civil solidarity pact since 1999[33] Yes Legal since 2013[34] Yes Legal since 2013[35] Yes France responsible for defence Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[36] Yes Under French law[37]
Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Kitts and Nevis Yes Legal since 2022 No No No No No
Saint Lucia Saint Lucia No Male illegal
Penalty: Fine and/or 10-year prison sentence (Not enforced). Legalization proposed[93]
Yes Female always legal[1] 		No No No Has no military Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination No
Saint Martin
(Overseas collectivity of France) 		Yes Legal since 1791
+ UN decl. sign.[1] 		Yes Civil solidarity pact since 1999[33] Yes Legal since 2013[34] Yes Legal since 2013[35] Yes France responsible for defence Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[36] Yes Under French law[37]
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Saint Vincent and the Grenadines No Illegal
Penalty: Fine and/or 10-year prison sentence (Not enforced).[1] Legalization proposed[94] 		No No No Has no military No
Sint Eustatius Sint Eustatius
(a special municipality of the Netherlands) 		Yes Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the municipalities)
+ UN decl. sign.[1] 		Yes Registered partnerships since 2012[70] Yes Legal since 2012[71] Yes[72] Yes The Netherlands responsible for defence Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[73] Yes
Sint Maarten Sint Maarten
(Constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands) 		Yes Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country)
+ UN decl. sign.[1] 		No No/Yes Same-sex marriages performed in the Netherlands recognized[citation needed] No Yes The Netherlands responsible for defence Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[95]
Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago Yes Legal since 2018[96] No No No No No No
Turks and Caicos Islands Turks and Caicos Islands
(Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom) 		Yes Legal since 2001
Age of consent discrepancy
+ UN decl. sign.[1] 		No No No Yes UK responsible for defence Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[1] No
United States Virgin Islands United States Virgin Islands
(Territory of the United States) 		Yes Legal since 1985 Yes Legal since 2015[97] Yes Legal since 2015[97] Yes Legal since 2015[97] Yes United States responsible for defense[90][91] Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[98] Yes Legislation enacted in 2022, also explicitly includes gender identity.[98]

South America

[edit]
LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Argentina Argentina Yes Legal since 1887
+ UN decl. sign.[1] 		Yes Civil unions in Buenos Aires (2003),[99] Río Negro Province (2003),[100] Villa Carlos Paz (2007) and Río Cuarto (2009)
Cohabitation unions nationwide since 2015[101] 		Yes Legal since 2010[102] Yes Legal since 2010 Yes Since 2009[103] Yes/No Legal protection in some cities;[104]
pending nationwide.
Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal since 2010 		Yes Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name without surgeries or judicial order since 2012[105]

Transgender persons have a law reserving 1% of Argentina's public sector jobs. Economic incentives included in the new law aim to help trans people find work in all sectors. [106]

Bolivia Bolivia Yes Legal since 1832
+ UN decl. sign.[1] 		YesFree unions officially recognised starting in 2020; nationwide since 2023.[107] No Constitutional ban since 2009[108] Yes Same-sex couples in a free union are permitted to adopt[109] Yes Since 2015[110][111][112]; Includes transgender people[13] Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[1] Yes Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name without surgeries or judicial order since 2016[113][114][115]
Brazil Brazil Yes Legal since 1830
+ UN decl. sign.[1] 		Yes "Stable unions" legal and all rights as recognized family entities available nationwide since 2011[116][117] Yes Starting in 2011; nationwide since 2013[118][119] Yes Legal since 2010[120] YesSince 1969[121] Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination.[122]
Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal since 1999[123][124] 		Yes Transgender people can change their legal gender and name before a notary without the need of surgeries or judicial order since 2018. The sex reassignment surgery, hormonal and psychological treatment are offered free of charge by the Brazilian Unified Health System (UHS) [125][126][127]
Chile Chile Yes Legal since 1999; equal age of consent since 2022
+ UN decl. sign.[1] 		Yes Civil unions since 2015[128] Yes Legal since 2022[129] Yes Legal since 2022[129] Yes Since 2012[130]; Includes transgender people[131] Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[132]
Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal since 2021 		Yes Transsexual persons can change their registral sex and name since 1974.
Transgender persons can change their registral sex and name, no surgeries or judicial order for adults above 18 years old since 2019.[133]
Colombia Colombia Yes Legal since 1981
+ UN decl. sign.[1] 		Yes De facto marital union since 2007[134] Yes Legal since 2016[135][136] Yes Stepchild adoption since 2014;[137] joint adoption since 2015[138] Yes Since 1999[1] Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[139] Yes Since 2015, transgender persons can change their legal gender and name manifesting their solemn will before a notary, no surgeries or judicial order required[140]
Ecuador Ecuador Yes Legal since 1997
+ UN decl. sign.[1] 		Yes De facto unions since 2009[141][142] Yes Legal since 2019[143] No LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples[144] [145] Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination.[146]
Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal since 2014 		Yes Since 2016, transgender persons are allowed to change their birth name and gender identity; no surgeries or judicial order required[147][148]
Falkland Islands Falkland Islands
(Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom) 		Yes Legal since 1989; equal age of consent since 2006
+ UN decl. sign.[1] 		Yes Civil partnerships since 2017[149] Yes Legal since 2017[149] Yes Legal since 2017 Yes UK responsible for defence Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[150] No
French Guiana French Guiana
(Overseas department of France) 		Yes Legal since 1791
+ UN decl. sign.[1] 		Yes Civil solidarity pact since 1999[33] Yes Legal since 2013[34] Yes Legal since 2013[35] Yes France responsible for defence Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[36] Yes Under French law[37]
Guyana Guyana No Illegal
Penalty: Up to life imprisonment (Not enforced).[1] Legalization proposed[151] 		No No [152] Yes[153] No No
Paraguay Paraguay Yes Legal since 1880; Age of consent discrepancy
+ UN decl. sign.[1] 		No Constitutional ban on de facto unions since 1992[154] No Constitutional ban since 1992[155] No Yes[156] Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination.
Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal since 2022 		No
Peru Peru Yes Legal since 1924; equal age of consent since 2012
+ UN decl. sign.[1] 		No/Yes Limited recognition for same-sex partners of health-care workers since 2020. No No Yes Since 2009[157] Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[158][159][160][161][162] Yes Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name without the need for the completion of medical intervention since 2016. Judicial order required.[163][164]
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
(Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom) 		Yes Legal since 2001
+ UN decl. sign. 		Yes Legal since 2014[165] Yes Legal since 2014[165] Yes UK responsible for defence No
Suriname Suriname Yes Legal since 1869 (as Dutch Guiana);
Age of consent discrepancy 		No No No Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[166] Yes Transgender persons can change their legal gender since 2022. Court order required.[167][168][169]
Uruguay Uruguay Yes Legal since 1934
+ UN decl. sign.[1] 		Yes Concubinage union since 2008[170] Yes Legal since 2013[171] Yes Legal since 2009[172] Yes Since 2009[173] Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination.[174] Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal since 2017 Yes Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name without surgeries or judicial order required since 2009.[175] Self-determination since 2018.
Venezuela Venezuela Yes Legal since 1997
+ UN decl. sign.[1] 		No Constitutional ban on de facto stable unions since 1999 No Constitutional ban since 1999 No Yes Since 2023[176] Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination[1] No

References

These references will appear in the article, but this list appears only on this page.
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