Jump to content

Tea Party protests

Edit links
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Tea Party protester)
This article is about the 21st-century protests themselves. For the Tea Party movement as an ongoing entity, see Tea Party movement. For protests in colonial America, see Boston Tea Party, Chestertown Tea Party, Edenton Tea Party and Philadelphia Tea Party.

Tea Party protests
Part of response to government social and fiscal policies
DatePredominately 2009–2010
Location
United States
Caused byGovernment spending and red tape, national debt, taxation, social liberalism
GoalsGovernment adherence to the Constitution, reduce taxation, reduce spending and waste, social conservatism
Methods
StatusEnded
A Tea Party protest in Hartford, Connecticut, on April 15, 2009
Tea Party protesters on the West Lawn of the U.S. Capitol and the National Mall on September 12, 2009

The Tea Party protests were a series of protests throughout the United States that began in early 2009. The protests were part of the larger political Tea Party movement.[1] Most Tea Party activities have since been focused on opposing efforts of the Obama administration, and on recruiting, nominating, and supporting candidates for state and national elections.[2][3] The name "Tea Party" is a reference to the Boston Tea Party, whose principal aim was to protest taxation without representation.[4][5] Tea Party protests evoked images, slogans and themes from the American Revolution, such as tri-corner hats and yellow Gadsden "Don't Tread on Me" flags.[6][7] The letters T-E-A have been used by some protesters to form the backronym "Taxed Enough Already".[8]

Commentators promoted Tax Day events on various blogs, Twitter, and Facebook, while the Fox News Channel regularly featured televised programming leading into and promoting various protest activities.[9] Reaction to the tea parties included counter-protests expressing support for the Obama administration, and dismissive or mocking media coverage of both the events and their promoters.[9][10]

List of events

[edit]

Among other events, protests were held on:

History

[edit]
A Tea Party protester holds a sign saying "Remember: Dissent is Patriotic" at a Nashville Tea Party on February 27, 2009.
See also: Taxation history of the United States

The theme of the Boston Tea Party, an iconic event of American history, has long been used by anti-tax protesters with libertarian and conservative viewpoints.[17][18][19][20][21] It was part of Tax Day protests held throughout the 1990s and earlier.[22][23][24] The libertarian theme of the "tea party" protest has also been used by Republican Congressman Ron Paul and his supporters during fundraising events in the primaries of the 2008 presidential campaign to emphasize fiscal conservatism, which they later claimed laid the groundwork for the modern-day Tea Party movement.[25][26][27][28][29][30] In late 2008, Young Americans for Liberty, with the endorsement of Rep. Paul, organized a protest called the Binghamton Tea Party for January 24 of the following year where participants dressing in Native American costumes and dumping soft drinks into New York's Susquehanna River, as a protest of former NY Governor David Paterson's proposed 18% tax increase on soda.[31][32][33] As home mortgage foreclosures increased, and details of the 2009 stimulus legislation became known, more organized protests began to emerge.[34][35][36]

"Porkulus" protests and "First Tea Party" claims

[edit]

The dominant theme seen at some of the earliest anti-stimulus protests was "pork" rather than tea.[37] The term "porkulus" was coined by radio talk-show host Rush Limbaugh on his January 27, 2009, broadcast,[38] in reference to both the 2009 stimulus bill, which had been introduced to the House of Representatives the day before, as well as to pork-barrel spending and earmarks.[39] The term proved very popular with conservative politicians and commentators,[40] who began to unify in opposition against stimulus spending after the 2008 general election.[41]

Competing claims have emerged over which protest was actually the first to organize. According to FreedomWorks state and federal campaigns director Brendan Steinhauser,[42][43] activist Mary Rakovich[44] was the organizer of a February 10 protest in Fort Myers, Florida, calling it the "first protest of President Obama's administration that we know of. It was the first protest of what became the tea party movement."[45] Rakovich, along with six to ten others, protested outside a townhall meeting featuring President Obama and Florida governor Charlie Crist.[46] Interviewed by a local reporter, Rakovich explained that she "thinks the government is wasting way too much money helping people receive high definition TV signals" and that "Obama promotes socialism, although 'he doesn't call it that'".[46] Regarding the role Freedomworks played in the demonstration, Rakovich acknowledged they were involved "right from the start,"[47] and said that in her 21⁄2 hour training session, she was taught how to attract more supporters and was specifically advised not to focus on President Obama.[48]

New York Times journalist Kate Zernike reports that some within the Tea Party credit Seattle blogger and conservative activist Keli Carender with organizing the first Tea Party on February 16, 2009.[49] An article written by Chris Good of The Atlantic credits Carender as "one of the first" Tea Party organizers.[50]

Carendar organized what she called a "Porkulus Protest" on President's Day, a few days before Rick Santelli used the phrase "Tea Party" in what has been characterized as a "rant" broadcast from the floor of the Chicago Mercantile Exchange.[51][52]

Carender contacted conservative author and Fox News contributor Michelle Malkin in order to gain her support and publicize the event. Malkin promoted the protest in several posts on her blog, saying that "There should be one of these in every town in America", and that she would be supplying the crowd with a meal of pulled pork. The protest was held in Seattle on Presidents Day, 2009.[53] Malkin encouraged her readers to stage similar events in Denver on the following day where President Obama was scheduled to sign the stimulus bill into law.

A protest at the Denver Capitol Building was already scheduled to coincide with the bill signing. Malkin reported that it was organized by the conservative advocacy group Americans for Prosperity and spearheaded by the conservative activist group Independence Institute, as well as former Republican representative and presidential candidate Tom Tancredo.[54][55][56] Another protest organized by local conservative talk radio station KFYI was held in suburban Phoenix, Arizona, on February 18, and brought 500 protesters.[57] KFYI organized the protest in reaction to Obama's visit to the local high school to hold his first public talk on elements of the stimulus bill.[58] By February 20, Malkin was using her nationally syndicated column in an attempt to present these three protests as a movement to her fellow conservatives, continuing to call for more. "There's something in the air", she wrote, "It's the smell of roasted pork."[59]

Birth of the national Tea Party movement

[edit]

On February 19, 2009,[40] in a broadcast from the floor of the Chicago Mercantile Exchange, CNBC Business News Network editor Rick Santelli loudly criticized the government plan to refinance mortgages as "promoting bad behavior" by "subsidizing losers' mortgages", and raised the possibility of putting together a "Chicago Tea Party in July".[60][61] A number of the traders and brokers around him cheered on his proposal, to the apparent amusement of the hosts in the studio. It was called "the rant heard round the world".[62] Santelli's remarks "set the fuse to the modern anti-Obama Tea Party movement", according to journalist Lee Fang.[63]

The following day after Santelli's comments from the Chicago Mercantile Exchange, 50 national conservative leaders, including Michael Johns, Amy Kremer and Jenny Beth Martin, participated in a conference call that gave birth to the national Tea Party movement.[64][65] In response to Santelli, websites such as ChicagoTeaParty.com, registered in August 2008 by Chicago radio producer Zack Christenson, were live within twelve hours.[66] About 10 hours after Santelli's remarks, reTeaParty.com was bought to coordinate Tea Parties scheduled for the 4th of July and within two weeks was reported to be receiving 11,000 visitors a day.[66] However, on the contrary, many scholars are reluctant to label Santelli's remarks the "spark" of the Tea Party considering that a "Tea Party" protest had taken place 3 days before in Seattle, Washington[67] In fact, this had led many opponents of the Tea Party to define this movement as "astroturfed," but it seems as if Santelli's comments did not "fall on deaf ears" considering that, "the top 50 counties in foreclosure rates played host to over 910 Tea Party protests, about one-sixth of the total"[67]

Also on February 19, Young Americans for Liberty NY State Chairman Trevor Leach created a Facebook page called "The Capitalist Chicago Tea Party – Rick's Revolution", in response to Santelli's call for a national Tea Party.[68][69] According to The Huffington Post, a Facebook page was developed on February 20 calling for Tea Party protests across the country.[70] Eric Odom of the conservative activist group FreedomWorks was one of the group administrators, and it was created by Phil Kerpen from the conservative advocacy organization Americans for Prosperity. Soon, the "Nationwide Chicago Tea Party" protests were coordinated across over 40 different cities for February 27, 2009, establishing the first national modern Tea Party protest.[71][72]

Protests

[edit]

Tax day events

[edit]
Tea Party protesters in Louisville, Kentucky, on April 15, 2009
Tea Party Protest in Dallas, Texas - April 15, 2009

April 15, 2009 is said to have been the day that had the largest number of tea party demonstrations reportedly in more than 750 cities.[73] Estimates of protesters and locations varied. The Christian Science Monitor reported on the difficulties of calculating a cumulative turnout and said some estimates state that over half a million Americans participated in the protests, noting, "experts say the counting itself often becomes politicized as authorities, organizers, and attendees often come up with dramatically different counts."[74][75] Grover Norquist, president of Americans for Tax Reform, estimated that at least 268,000 attended in over 200 cities.[76] Statistician Nate Silver, manager of FiveThirtyEight.com, has said that a cumulative crowd size estimate from credible sources was of 311,460 attendees in 346 cities, which accounted for all capitols and major cities little noticeable or no reliable media coverage in other protests could have contributed to a lower number of attendees and locations.[77] The largest event, in Atlanta, drew between an estimated 7,000 to 15,000 protesters.[77][78][79] Some of the gatherings drew only dozens.[74]

On April 15, 2009, a Tea Party protest outside the White House was moved after a box of tea bags was hurled over the White House fence. Police sealed off the area and evacuated some people. The Secret Service brought out a bomb-detecting robot, which determined the package was not a threat.[80] Approximately one thousand people had demonstrated, several waved placards saying "Stop Big Government" and "Taxation is Piracy".[12]

Spring and early summer protests

[edit]
Tea Party Protest in Dallas, Texas - April, 2009

Tea Party rallies continued in various locales around the nation. Many of these events were focused on opposition to state or local taxes and spending, rather than with national issues. Late April saw Tea Parties in Annapolis, Maryland, White Plains, New York,[81] Jackson, Tennessee,[citation needed] and Monroe, Washington.[82] In May, there were six more Tea Party events in Tennessee,[citation needed] New York,[83] Idaho,[84] Ohio,[85] Nevada,[86] and North Carolina.[87] During June 2009, another dozen events were held in North Carolina,[88] California,[89] Rhode Island,[90] Texas,[91] Ohio,[92] Michigan,[93] Montana,[94] Florida,[95] New York,[96] and Washington State.[97] On June 29, 2009, in Nashville, Tennessee, four thousand people rallied against proposed emissions trading (cap and trade) energy in Congress and universal health care.[98]

Independence Day rallies

[edit]

A number of Tea Party protests were held the weekend of July 4, 2009, coinciding with Independence Day.[99][100] "The rally followed a national effort that drew thousands of activists to Tea Party events across the country on April 15, 2009, when income taxes are due."[101]

On July 17, 2009, there were additional Tea Party protests around the nation organized by a group called Tea Party Patriots, this time against President Obama's proposed health care overhaul that they labeled socialized medicine.[102]

Taxpayer March on Washington

[edit]
Protesters walking towards the United States Capitol during the Taxpayer March on Washington on September 12, 2009
Main article: Taxpayer March on Washington

On September 12, 2009, Tea Party protests were held in various cities around the nation. In Washington, D.C., Tea Party protests gathered to march from Freedom Plaza to the United States Capitol. Estimates of the number of attendees varied, from "tens of thousands"[14] to "in excess of 75,000".[103][104] A rally organizer asserted that one local ABC News station had reported attendance of over one million, but he retracted the statement after ABC News denied making any such report.[105]

Using the counts of those in attendance, the march may have been the largest conservative protest ever held in Washington, D.C., as well as the largest demonstration against President Obama's administration to date.[106][107]

First Tea Party convention

[edit]

On February 4, 2010, the first Tea Party national convention was held in Nashville, attended by 600 people.[108] The convention received broad media coverage as former GOP vice presidential candidate Sarah Palin was the featured speaker. Some tea partiers condemned the event, questioning the main sponsor, Tea Party Nation, a for-profit group, as well as the several hundred dollar ticket price. The former Alaska governor was criticized[109][110] for receiving as much as $100,000 to address the convention.[111]

Tactics

[edit]

The New York Times reported on August 8, 2009, that organizations opposed to the President Obama's health care legislation were urging opponents to be disruptive. It noted that the Tea Party Patriots web site circulated a memo instructing them to "Pack the hall. Yell out and challenge the Rep's statements early. Get him off his prepared script and agenda. Stand up and shout and sit right back down." The memo continued, "The Rep [representative] should be made to feel that a majority, and if not, a significant portion of at least the audience, opposes the socialist agenda of Washington."[112]

Some Tea Party organizers have stated that they look to leftist Saul Alinsky's Rules for Radicals for inspiration. Protesters have also appropriated left-wing imagery; the logo for the March 9/12 on Washington featured a raised fist design that was intended to resemble those used by the pro-labor, anti-war, and black power movements of the 1960s. In addition, the slogan "Keep Your Laws Off My Body", usually associated with pro-choice activists, has been seen on signs at tea parties.[113]

On April 8, 2010, it was announced that the National Tea Party Federation had been set up to publicize the movement, and organizers said it would issue news releases, respond to critics and help get the word out about tea party rallies and initiatives.[114] Tea Party activist Mark Skoda noted the slow response to critics who have charged the protesters with racism, stating: "It took us 72 hours to respond to John Lewis... We're not needing to meet every week. But there will now be a way to have a call to arms to respond to attacks with a crisp and clear message."[114][115]

Reports of abusive behavior

[edit]

There have been allegations of racism and abusive behavior by Tea Party protesters.[116][117][118][119][120]

On March 16, 2010, at a Tea Party protest at the Ohio offices of Rep. Mary Jo Kilroy, a counter-protester with Parkinson's disease was berated by one of the protesters and had dollar bills thrown at him with additional protesters also mocking the individual.[121] The man initially denied the incident, but later apologized for his "shameful" actions.[120]

On March 20, 2010, it was reported that protesters against proposed health care legislation used racial and anti-gay slurs. Gay Congressman Barney Frank was called "homo" and a "faggot several times."[122][123][124] Several black lawmakers said demonstrators shouted "the N-word" at them.[125] Congressman André Carson said that as he walked from the Cannon House Office Building with Representative John Lewis and his chief of staff, amid chants of "Kill the bill", he heard the "n-word" about fifteen times coming from several places in the crowd: "One guy, I remember he just rattled it off several times. Then John looks at me and says, 'You know, this reminds me of a different time.'"[122][126][127] Congressman Emanuel Cleaver said that, as he walked several yards behind Lewis, he distinctly heard "nigger", and he was also spat upon by a protester while walking up the stairs of the Cannon Building, although whether the spitting was intentional has been questioned.[122][123][127]

Conservative commentator Andrew Breitbart, who wasn't at the protests,[127] said the incidents reported by Cleaver, Lewis and Carson were fabricated as part of a plan to annihilate the Tea Party movement by all means necessary and that they never actually happened. He offered to donate $10,000 to the United Negro College Fund if Lewis could provide audio or video footage of the slurs, or pass a lie detector test. The amount was later raised to $100,000 for "hard evidence".[127][128][129] In addition, the National Tea Party Federation sent a letter to the Congressional Black Caucus (CBC) denouncing racism and requesting that the CBC supply any evidence of the alleged events at the protest.[115]

Representative Heath Shuler of North Carolina, who is white, backed up his colleagues, telling the Hendersonville (N.C.) Times-News that he too heard slurs.[127] Richard Trumka, president of the AFL–CIO, corroborated Lewis' version of events during a confrontation with Breitbart at a Harvard Institute of Politics forum by saying, "I watched them spit at people, I watched them call John Lewis the N-word. [...] I witnessed it. I saw it in person. That's real evidence."[130][131][132] One of Representative Anthony Weiner's staffers reported a stream of hostile encounters with tea partiers roaming the halls of Congress. In addition to mockery, protesters left a couple of notes behind. According to the New York Daily News, one letter "asked what Rahm Emanuel did with Weiner in the shower", in a reference to the harassment claims against ex-Rep Eric Massa. It was signed with a swastika, the staffer said. The other note called the congressman "Schlomo Weiner".[119]

Kate Zernike, author of Boiling Mad: Inside Tea Party America, has observed, "Rather than explain it as a fringe of the movement, which they plausibly might have, they argued that the ugliness had never happened. Wasn't it suspicious, they asked, that there was no video of spitting or slurs, in an age when everyone's cell phone has a camera? It was difficult, if not disingenuous, for the Tea Party groups to try to disown the behavior."[133] Politicians from both political parties, black conservative activists and columnists have argued that allegations of racism do not reflect the movement as a whole.[134][135][136][137]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Tea Party definition," About.com, January 28, 2016 Archived November 19, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, retrieved September 28, 2016.
  2. ^ Brian Lockhart (August 21, 2011). "GOP chair welcomes tea party". NewsTimes. Archived from the original on October 23, 2015. Retrieved August 10, 2014.
  3. ^ "News Archive 01". Florida Tea Party. Archived from the original on August 31, 2010. Retrieved November 11, 2016.
  4. ^ "Tea Party Convention Gives Boost to Newcomer Politicians". FOXNews.com. February 5, 2010. Archived from the original on February 9, 2010. Retrieved February 23, 2010.
  5. ^ Thomas, Townshend Duties, 246.
  6. ^ a b Oneal, Michael; Janet Hook (April 16, 2009). "Anti-Obama rebellion poses risk for the GOP". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on November 4, 2010. Retrieved April 21, 2009.
  7. ^ Taxpayers Strike Back With 'Tea Parties' . Special Report with Bret Baier. Published March 16, 2009.
  8. ^ Anne Schroeder Mullins (April 8, 2009). "T.E.A. = Taxed Enough Already". The Politico. Archived from the original on April 24, 2010. Retrieved June 17, 2009.
  9. ^ a b Fox teas up a tempest Archived April 16, 2009, at the Wayback Machine. By Michael Calderone. The Politico. Published April 15, 2009.
  10. ^ Burgin, Aaron. "Demonstrators decry bailouts, taxes at Tax Day tea parties". Press Enterprise. Archived from the original on April 19, 2009. Retrieved June 16, 2009.
  11. ^ Katharine Shilcutt Gleave. "Houston Joins Other Cities Nationwide in Tea Party Protest". Houstonist. Archived from the original on July 12, 2011. Retrieved July 21, 2010.
  12. ^ a b "Anti-Obama 'tea party' protests mark US tax day". AFP. April 15, 2009. Archived from the original on April 19, 2009. Retrieved June 16, 2009.
  13. ^ "Fourth of July – Independence Day Tea Party Celebrations / Protests – July 4, 2009". Archived from the original on July 4, 2010. Retrieved July 19, 2010.
  14. ^ a b "Tea Party Express Takes Washington By Storm". Fox News. September 12, 2009. Archived from the original on September 14, 2009.
  15. ^ Allen, Jonathan; Meredith Shiner (November 5, 2009). "Tea partiers descend on Capitol Hill". Politico. Archived from the original on June 6, 2010. Retrieved July 21, 2010.
  16. ^ "Tea Party Activists Make Last Stand Against Health Care Vote". Fox News. March 20, 2010. Archived from the original on October 18, 2015. Retrieved November 11, 2016.
  17. ^ "Daily News - Google News Archive Search". Archived from the original on July 2, 2016. Retrieved November 11, 2016.
  18. ^ "State Republicans call for anti-tax 'tea party'".[permanent dead link‍]
  19. ^ "NewsBank for Statesman". Archived from the original on April 19, 2017. Retrieved November 11, 2016.
  20. ^ "The Victoria Advocate - Google News Archive Search". Archived from the original on January 23, 2017. Retrieved November 11, 2016.
  21. ^ "Miami Herald: Search Results". Archived from the original on January 23, 2017. Retrieved November 11, 2016.
  22. ^ "Boca Raton News - Google News Archive Search". Archived from the original on July 14, 2012. Retrieved November 11, 2016.
  23. ^ "Boston Tea Party is protest template". UPI.com. April 20, 2008. Archived from the original on October 1, 2010. Retrieved April 27, 2010.
  24. ^ "'The Rachel Maddow Show' for Tuesday, April 14 – Rachel Maddow show- NBC News". NBC News. April 15, 2009. Retrieved April 27, 2010.
  25. ^ "Tea Party 07 – Ron Paul for President Mass Donation Day". Archived from the original on September 1, 2009. Retrieved August 10, 2014.
  26. ^ Smith, James F. (December 16, 2007). "Ron Paul's tea party for dollars – 2008 Presidential Campaign Blog – Political Intelligence". Boston.com. Archived from the original on October 25, 2012. Retrieved April 27, 2010.
  27. ^ "Statement on Ron Paul and "Tax Day Tea Parties"". Businesswire.com. April 15, 2009. Archived from the original on April 12, 2010. Retrieved April 27, 2010.
  28. ^ Levenson, Michael (December 16, 2007). "Ron Paul raises millions in today's Boston Tea Party event – The Boston Globe". Boston.com. Archived from the original on July 1, 2010. Retrieved April 27, 2010.
  29. ^ "Paul supporters hold Tea Party re-enactment in Boston". BostonHerald.com. Associated Press. December 17, 2007. Archived from the original on November 1, 2010. Retrieved April 27, 2010.
  30. ^ The Southern Avenger, Host: Jack Hunter, Station: 1250 AM WTMA, Charleston, South Carolina, Date: February 15, 2010, Interview with Ron Paul Archived May 18, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
  31. ^ Jeff Frazee, "YAL Tax Protest" Archived July 22, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, Young Americans for Liberty, January 28, 2009.
  32. ^ Neil St. Clair, "A 'tea party' to protest Patersons taxes" Archived September 29, 2010, at the Wayback Machine, Your News Now, January 24, 2009.
  33. ^ "Binghamton Tea Party". WBNG-TV. January 24, 2009. Archived from the original on November 11, 2016. Retrieved November 10, 2016.
  34. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on July 14, 2011. Retrieved March 6, 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  35. ^ JEANNINE AVERSA AP Economics Writer. "Washington offers no relief for savers". Readingeagle.com. Archived from the original on February 10, 2009. Retrieved April 27, 2010.
  36. ^ "Homebuyer Helper". Foxnews.com. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved April 27, 2010.
  37. ^ "FreedomWorks' Long History Of Teabagging". April 19, 2009. Archived from the original on September 15, 2009. Retrieved March 4, 2010. but they didn't have an explicitly tea-based theme. If they had a theme of any kind it was "pork" and government waste.
  38. ^ Tom Kuntz (February 8, 2009). "Idea of the Day: 'Porkulus'". The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 11, 2009. Retrieved February 8, 2009.
  39. ^ Ronald D. Utt (November 10, 2004). "Is Pork Barrel Spending Ready to Explode? The Anatomy of an Earmark". The Heritage Foundation. Archived from the original on November 13, 2004. Retrieved November 10, 2004.
  40. ^ a b Ben McGrath (February 1, 2010). "The Movement – The Rise of Tea Party Activism". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on January 30, 2010. Retrieved March 6, 2010.
  41. ^ "FreedomWorks' Long History Of Teabagging". April 19, 2009. Archived from the original on September 15, 2009. Retrieved March 4, 2010. but they didn't have an explicitly tea-based theme. If they had a theme of any kind it was 'pork' and government waste.
  42. ^ "Members Protest President Obama in Fort Myers". FreedomWorks. Archived from the original on February 10, 2009. Retrieved October 18, 2009.
  43. ^ Steinhauser, Brendan (March 29, 2009). "Cape Coral Tea Party is ON!". FreedomWorks. Archived from the original on April 1, 2009. Retrieved October 18, 2009.
  44. ^ Steinhauser, Brendan (February 9, 2009). "plans to protest Obama in Fort Myers, Florida Tuesday!". FreedomWorks. Archived from the original on February 9, 2009. Retrieved October 18, 2009.
  45. ^ George Bennett (February 10, 2010). "One year later: Crist-Obama Fort Myers stimulus rally fueled Rubio campaign, pre-Santelli tea party protest". Palm Beach Post. Archived from the original on November 25, 2010. Retrieved March 6, 2010.
  46. ^ a b "Those outside Harborside in Fort Myers had plenty to see, say". The News-Press. February 11, 2009. Archived from the original on December 27, 2012. Retrieved April 26, 2009.
  47. ^ Beutler, Brian (April 14, 2009). "FreedomWorks' Long History Of Teabagging | TPMDC". Tpmdc.talkingpointsmemo.com. Archived from the original on September 15, 2009. Retrieved April 27, 2010.
  48. ^ "Woman's year-ago protest launched tea party movement in Florida". Palmbeachpost.com. Archived from the original on April 20, 2010. Retrieved April 27, 2010.
  49. ^ Zernike, Kate (February 27, 2010). "Unlikely Activist Who Got to the Tea Party Early". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 19, 2010. Retrieved April 27, 2010.
  50. ^ "The Tea Party Takes a Hit". Outside the Beltway. December 30, 2012. Retrieved August 25, 2020.
  51. ^ Zernike, Kate (February 27, 2010). "Unlikely Activist Who Got to the Tea Party Early". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 19, 2010. Retrieved April 27, 2010.
  52. ^ "Meet Keli Carender, Tea Party organizer in Seattle, Washington « Tax Day Tea Party". Taxdayteaparty.com. Archived from the original on April 30, 2009. Retrieved April 27, 2010.
  53. ^ KIRO Tv (February 16, 2009). "VIDEO: Dozens Gather At "Porkulus" Protest". Archived from the original on April 25, 2009. Retrieved March 29, 2009.
  54. ^ Malkin, Michelle (February 17, 2009). ""Yes, we care!" Porkulus protesters holler back Updated". Michelle Malkin. Archived from the original on April 22, 2010. Retrieved April 27, 2010.
  55. ^ Malkin, Michelle (February 16, 2009). "From the Boston Tea Party to your neighborhood pork protest". Michelle Malkin. Archived from the original on July 15, 2010. Retrieved April 27, 2010.
  56. ^ "President Signs Massive Stimulus In Denver". March 17, 2009. Archived from the original on May 15, 2009. Retrieved April 2, 2009.
  57. ^ Gary Grado; Sonu Munshi; Hayley Ringle (February 18, 2009). "More than 500 protest Obama's arrival". Archived from the original on March 15, 2009. Retrieved April 2, 2009.
  58. ^ Wong, Scott (February 15, 2009). "Obama to visit Mesa high school on Wed". Azcentral.com. Retrieved April 27, 2010.
  59. ^ "Articles – Rebel Yell: Taxpayers Revolt Against Gimme-Mania". RealClearPolitics. February 20, 2009. Archived from the original on June 13, 2011. Retrieved April 27, 2010.
  60. ^ Rick Santelli: I Want to Set the Record Straight .CNBC. March 2, 2009.
  61. ^ "CNBC: Rick Santelli goes off". Chicago Tribune. February 23, 2009. Archived from the original on March 16, 2009. Retrieved March 2, 2009.
  62. ^ "Answer Desk: Housing relief backlash – Answer Desk". NBC News. February 23, 2009. Archived from the original on January 27, 2016. Retrieved April 27, 2010.
  63. ^ Fang, Lee (2013). The Machine: A Field Guide to the Resurgent Right. The New Press. p. 27. ISBN 978-1-59558-639-1.
  64. ^ "Tea Party: Palin's Pet, Or Is There More To It Underneath". April 15, 2014. Archived from the original on April 15, 2014. Retrieved November 11, 2016.
  65. ^ "The founding Mothers and Fathers of the Tea Party movement," by Michael Patrick Leahy Archived January 23, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, retrieved September 29, 2016.
  66. ^ a b A Growing "Tea Party" Movement?, Jonathan V. Last, Weekly Standard, March 4, 2009.
  67. ^ a b Tam Cho, Wendy K., James G. Gimpel, and Daron R. Shaw. "The Tea Party Movement and the Geography of Collective Action." Quarterly Journal of Political Science 7.2 (2012): 105–33.
  68. ^ Jeff Frazee, "Traders Revolt" Archived July 22, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, Young Americans for Liberty, February 19, 2009.
  69. ^ "Security Check Required". Facebook. Retrieved November 11, 2016.
  70. ^ "Jane Hamsher: A Teabagger Timeline: Koch, Coors, Newt, Dick Armey There From The Start". Huffingtonpost.com. May 16, 2009. Archived from the original on May 23, 2010. Retrieved April 27, 2010.
  71. ^ Berger, Judson (April 9, 2009). "Modern-Day Tea Parties Give Taxpayers Chance to Scream for Better Representation". FOXNews.com. Archived from the original on March 15, 2010. Retrieved April 27, 2010.
  72. ^ Roesgen, Andy (February 27, 2009). "Protestors Gather for Self-Styled Tea Party". myfoxchicago.com. Archived from the original on March 2, 2009. Retrieved February 27, 2009.
  73. ^ "Tax Day Is Met With Tea Parties" Archived January 30, 2017, at the Wayback Machine. Janie Lorber and Liz Robbins. The New York Times. April 15, 2009.
  74. ^ a b "Arguing the size of the 'tea party' protest" Archived April 21, 2009, at the Wayback Machine. Patrik Jonsson. The Christian Science Monitor. April 18, 2009. Retrieved June 16, 2009.
  75. ^ "Nationwide 'Tea Party' Protests". CNN. April 15, 2009. Archived from the original on June 9, 2009. Retrieved June 16, 2009.
  76. ^ "Tea Party Attendance 268,000+" . MSNBC. April 16, 2009.
  77. ^ a b "Tea Party Nonpartisan Attendance Estimates: Now 300,000+". FiveThirtyEight. April 16, 2009. Archived from the original on July 1, 2009. Retrieved June 16, 2009.
  78. ^ "The myth of the 15,000" Archived May 3, 2009, at the Wayback Machine. Jim Galloway. Atlanta Journal-Constitution. 'April 27, 2009.
  79. ^ "Thousands Attend Atlanta Tea Party". April 16, 2009. Archived from the original on April 19, 2009. Retrieved June 16, 2009.
  80. ^ "'Tea parties' take place across US against tax increases" Archived September 26, 2018, at the Wayback Machine. Alex Spillius. The Daily Telegraph (London). April 15, 2009.
  81. ^ "Tea party rally held in White Plains". westchester.news12.com. Archived from the original on February 19, 2020. Retrieved February 19, 2020.
  82. ^ "Tea Party supporters protest taxes in Monroe - HeraldNet.com - Everett and Snohomish County news". April 25, 2009. Archived from the original on April 14, 2016. Retrieved November 11, 2016.
  83. ^ "Hundreds attend rally downtown". WIVB-TV. May 9, 2009. Archived from the original on May 14, 2009. Retrieved June 29, 2009.
  84. ^ "Crapo meets with Tea Party organizers". Associated Press. May 26, 2009. Archived from the original on May 30, 2009. Retrieved June 29, 2009.
  85. ^ "Tea Party 'grass-roots politics at its best'". Dayton Daily News. May 29, 2009. Archived from the original on January 27, 2016. Retrieved June 29, 2009.
  86. ^ "Gov. Gibbons joins tax opponents at rally". Reno Gazette-Journal. May 29, 2009. Retrieved June 29, 2009. [dead link‍]
  87. ^ "Kernersville Taxpayers Hold Tea Party Protest". WFMY News 2. May 31, 2009. Archived from the original on June 1, 2009. Retrieved June 29, 2009.
  88. ^ "Hundreds turn out for local "Tea Party" rally". Associated Press. June 6, 2009. Archived from the original on June 10, 2009. Retrieved June 29, 2009.
  89. ^ "'An amazing, patriotic event'". The Union. June 8, 2009. Archived from the original on June 12, 2009. Retrieved June 29, 2009.
  90. ^ "Protesters prepare to parade through State House". The Providence Journal. June 10, 2009. Archived from the original on February 9, 2010. Retrieved June 29, 2009.
  91. ^ "600 protest Pelosi in Houston". Politico. June 15, 2009. Archived from the original on June 18, 2009. Retrieved June 30, 2009.
  92. ^ "Flag Day Attracts Patriotism, Political Activism". WLWT-TV. June 14, 2009. Archived from the original on July 16, 2011. Retrieved June 29, 2009.
  93. ^ "Fair Tax plan wins big at convention". Detroit Free Press. June 14, 2009. Archived from the original on June 17, 2009. Retrieved June 29, 2009.
  94. ^ "Ravalli Co. 'Tea Party' organizers deliver petitions". KPAX. June 16, 2009. Retrieved June 29, 2009.[permanent dead link‍]
  95. ^ "Tea Party: 'Give me liberty, not debt'". Bradenton Herald. June 29, 2009. Archived from the original on October 19, 2009. Retrieved June 29, 2009.
  96. ^ "Tea Party part II". Troy Record. June 16, 2009. Archived from the original on February 20, 2012. Retrieved June 29, 2009.
  97. ^ TEA Party steeped in messages Archived January 4, 2013, at archive.today, The Olympian, June 28, 2009.
  98. ^ "Thousands Protest Obama Policies In Nashville". WTVF. June 29, 2009. Archived from the original on July 3, 2009. Retrieved June 29, 2009.
  99. ^ Teachout, Woden. ""The Tea Party in Politics: Why the Event in Boston Harbor Keeps on Appealing to Conservatives", History News Network, June 29, 2009". Hnn.us. Archived from the original on July 3, 2009. Retrieved October 18, 2009.
  100. ^ "Time for a Tea Party", The Washington Times, July 3, 2009 Archived July 4, 2009, at the Wayback Machine.
  101. ^ "TEA Party activists rally at Capitol – CNN.com". CNN. July 4, 2009. Archived from the original on August 12, 2010. Retrieved May 24, 2010.
  102. ^ "Tea Parties Protest Health Care Bill". WXIA-TV. July 17, 2009. Retrieved July 20, 2009.[permanent dead link‍]
  103. ^ Sherman, Jake (September 13, 2009). "Protesters March on Washington". The Wall Street Journal. online.wsj.com. Archived from the original on September 18, 2009. Retrieved September 13, 2009.
  104. ^ Keefe, Bob (September 12, 2009). "Georgians lead protest at Taxpayer March on Washington". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. ajc.com. Archived from the original on September 22, 2009. Retrieved September 13, 2009.
  105. ^ "ABC News Was Misquoted on Crowd Size". ABC News. September 12, 2009. Archived from the original on September 15, 2009. Retrieved September 14, 2009.
  106. ^ Zeleny, Jeff (September 12, 2009). "Thousands Rally in Capital to Protest Big Government". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 13, 2012. Retrieved September 17, 2009.
  107. ^ Weigel, David (September 14, 2009). "Beltway Conservatives Comb Tea Party Movement for Converts". The Washington Independent. washingtonindependent.com. Archived from the original on September 22, 2009. Retrieved September 17, 2009.
  108. ^ Weigel, David. "Media at the Tea Party Convention « The Washington Independent". Washingtonindependent.com. Archived from the original on March 18, 2013. Retrieved April 27, 2010.
  109. ^ Kenneth P. Vogel (January 29, 2010). "Latest tea party target: Its own convention". Reuters. Archived from the original on March 11, 2010. Retrieved April 27, 2010.
  110. ^ "Palin's tea party raises eyebrows – Kenneth P. Vogel". Politico.Com. Archived from the original on April 11, 2010. Retrieved April 27, 2010.
  111. ^ "Whose Tea Party Is It? Nashville Convention Stirs Debate". Abcnews.go.com. February 4, 2010. Archived from the original on April 26, 2010. Retrieved April 27, 2010.
  112. ^ Debates Turns Hostile Archived November 4, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, New York Times, August 8, 2009.
  113. ^ "Conservatives use liberal playbook". Politico. Archived from the original on September 22, 2009. Retrieved September 18, 2009.
  114. ^ a b Kathleen Hennessey (April 8, 2010). "Tea parties form a federation, but don't call them organized". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on August 20, 2010. Retrieved April 26, 2010.
  115. ^ a b "Letter to the Congressional Black Caucus from Tea Party Federation: Please Provide Evidence of Cannon N-Word Incident, National Tea Party Federation, April 24, 2010" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on January 21, 2013. Retrieved June 4, 2013.
  116. ^ Bob Cesca (March 3, 2010). "The Tea Party is all about race". Huffington Post. Archived from the original on March 8, 2010. Retrieved March 21, 2010.
  117. ^ David Weigel (January 4, 2010). "'N-Word' Sign Dogs Would-Be Tea Party Leader". Washington Independent. Archived from the original on March 23, 2010. Retrieved March 21, 2010.
  118. ^ Michael Tomasky (March 21, 2010). "Cat Slithers Out of Bag". London: Guardian News. Archived from the original on March 13, 2016. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
  119. ^ a b McAuliff, Michael & Bazinet, Kenneth R. (March 20, 2010), "Make That the Nas-Tea Party", Daily News, New York, archived from the original on March 24, 2010, retrieved June 5, 2010
  120. ^ a b Tea Party Protestor Sorry for Mocking Man With Parkinson's Disease Archived March 29, 2010, at the Wayback Machine; CBS News; March 25, 2010.
  121. ^ Health-reform rally heckler says he's sorry and scared Archived January 2, 2012, at the Wayback Machine The Columbus Dispatch; March 24, 2010.
  122. ^ a b c "Racist epithets fly at tea party health protest". HeraldNet.com. McClatchy News. March 20, 2010. Archived from the original on March 24, 2010. Retrieved April 14, 2010.
  123. ^ a b Alexander, Andrew (April 11, 2010). "Allegations of spitting and slurs at Capitol protest merit more reporting". Washington Post. Archived from the original on June 8, 2010. Retrieved April 14, 2010.
  124. ^ Protesters hurl slurs and spit at Democrats Archived February 3, 2014, at the Wayback Machine; CNN; March 20, 2010.
  125. ^ "Tea Party Protesters Dispute Reports of Slurs, Spitting Against Dem Lawmakers". Fox News. March 22, 2010. Archived from the original on March 26, 2010. Retrieved April 14, 2010.
  126. ^ "AUDIO: Origin of Rep. Carson's racism accusation toward health care protesters". The Washington Times. April 6, 2010. Archived from the original on May 3, 2013. Retrieved July 18, 2013.
  127. ^ a b c d e Tea Party, Dems Row Over N-Word Video "Evidence"; CBS News; April 13, 2010.
  128. ^ Andrew Breitbart, Big Journalism, April 2, 2010
  129. ^ ""Political Insider" by Jim Galloway, Atlanta Journal-Constitution, March 26, 2010". Archived from the original on May 6, 2010. Retrieved April 12, 2010.
  130. ^ AFL-CIO's Trumka knocks down Breitbart's denials of racism at Tea Party protest Archived August 6, 2013, at the Wayback Machine; MMfA; April 8, 2010.
  131. ^ AFL-CIO President Stresses Important of Labor Movement Archived February 1, 2014, at the Wayback Machine; The Harvard Crimson; April 8, 2010.
  132. ^ AFL-CIO Head vs. Andrew Breitbart On Tea Party Racism, Alleged Labor Attacks Archived February 3, 2014, at the Wayback Machine; The Huffington Post; June 8, 2010.
  133. ^ Boiling Mad: Inside Tea Party America; Kate Zernike; Macmillan Publishers; November 2010; pp. 138–39.
  134. ^ "Tea party not a racist movement, Biden says". NBC News. Associated Press. July 19, 2010. Retrieved November 11, 2011.
  135. ^ Montopoli, Brian (May 31, 2011). "Herman Cain: I prove Tea Party isn't racist". CBS News. Archived from the original on September 6, 2011. Retrieved November 11, 2011.
  136. ^ Gibson, Jake (August 4, 2010). "Black Political Activists: Tea Party 'Not Racist'". Fox News. Archived from the original on December 6, 2011. Retrieved November 11, 2011.
  137. ^ McCartney, Robert. "Tea Party: Not racist, just wary of government's reach". The Herald Sun. Archived from the original on April 3, 2012. Retrieved November 11, 2011.

Further reading

[edit]
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Demonstrations and protests by the Tea Party movement.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tea_Party_protests&oldid=1256679055"