Talk:Permanent Settlement

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Sheer bias

This a very one-sided article. How is this "reform" when it caused some of the deadliest famines in history? And if anything, the permanent settlement was responsible for the extreme communal discord in Bengal during the 19th and early 20th century. There is hardly a sub-continental point of view here. Hence the POV tag.--Bazaan (talk) 04:34, 9 April 2014 (UTC)[reply]

Transfer of Tribute and the Balance of Payments in the CEHI

Was it really the case that the British came to India to build railways and telegraph, stimulate economic growth through their demand for primary commodities (which, we are told, it was in India's interest to specialise in given her factor endowments), initiate large scale industry, promote a reduction in land concentration, and withdraw gracefully, after incurring sterling debts which were of benefit to India?

Utsa Patnaik, Social Scientist, Vol. 12, No. 12 (Dec., 1984), pp. 43-55

See discussion on British Empire, the Cornwallis, Mountbatten page etc. The point above is valid. When a colonial occupation "reforms" administration to more "efficiently raise land revenue " we are looking at it purely from the side of the British East India Company. For the people of Bihar and Bengal that had just suffered the great Famine of 1769 what was the magnitude of increased suffering from the Company when it increased its demand on taxes, where is that discussion? Mughal administration temporarily reduced or forgave the payment of taxes after a famine. Germsteel (talk) 11:13, 3 November 2020 (UTC)[reply]

the Permanent Settlement Act gave birth to a new class system in Indian society?

the Permanent Settlement Act gave birth to a new class system in Indian society? 103.102.42.108 (talk) 10:13, 16 April 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Science

Hejemekleje 49.36.235.165 (talk) 10:52, 29 July 2022 (UTC)[reply]

History class 8

The Permanent Settlement, also known as the Permanent Settlement of Bengal, was an agreement between the East India Company and Bengali landlords to fix revenues to be raised from land that had far-reaching consequences for both agricultural methods and productivity in the entire British Empire and the political realities of the Indian countryside. It was concluded in 1793 by the Company administration headed by Charles, Earl Cornwallis.[1] It formed one part of a larger body of legislation, known as the Cornwallis Code. The Cornwallis Code of 1793 divided the East India Company's service personnel into three branches: revenue, judicial, and commercial. Revenues were collected by zamindars, native Indians who were treated as landowners. This division created an Indian landed class that supported British authority.[1]

The Permanent Settlement was introduced first in Bengal and Bihar and later in the south district of Madras and Varanasi. The system eventually spread all over northern India by a series of regulations dated 1 May 1793. These regulations remained in place until the Charter Act of 1833.[1] The other two systems prevalent in India were the Ryotwari System and the Mahalwari System.

Many argue that the settlement and its outcome had several shortcomings when compared with its initial goals of increasing tax revenue, creating a Western-European style land market in Bengal, and encouraging investment in land and agriculture, thereby creating the conditions for long-term economic growth for both the company and region's inhabitants. Firstly, the policy (Krishna) of fixing the rate of expected tax revenue for the foreseeable future meant that the income of the Company from taxation actually decreased in the long-term because revenues remained fixed while expenses increased over time. Meanwhile, the condition of the Bengali peasantry became increasingly pitiable, with famines becoming a regular occurrence as landlords (who risked immediate loss of their land if they failed to deliver the expected amount from taxation) sought to guarantee revenue by coercing the local agriculturalists to cultivate cash crops such as cotton, indigo, and jute, while long-term private investment by the zamindars in agricultural infrastructure failed to materialise. 2409:4053:C94:8147:0:0:4F48:5306 (talk) 05:33, 31 July 2022 (UTC)[reply]

History

Permanent settlement 110.224.241.201 (talk) 15:08, 28 October 2022 (UTC)[reply]