Talk:Joseph J. Kinyoun

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment

This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Ghwang3.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 23:28, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment

This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Asuguitan.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 23:28, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Select Plague Article: Grace

First of all, instead of having a section with the header called ==Bibliography== , I wanted to create separate headers for Early Life, Career (Subsections: Marine-Hospital Services , Hygienic Laboratory , San Francisco Quarantine Station ), Marriage and Children, and Death and Afterward so that we can expand on the subsections such as career.

Early Life

I want to add "Joe" to Joseph "Joe" James Kinyoun because the source I have read said that is the name he preferred to go by. Also, add: His family settled in Post Oak, Missouri in 1866 after his house burned down during the Civil War. At the age of 16, he studied medicine with his father, John Hendricks Kinyoun, who was a general practitioner. I want to add that he graduated from Bellevue Medical College in 1882 with a M.D. degree. He then returned to New York as the Carnegie Laboratory's first bacteriology student, specifically to study cholera.

Career

(Keep the introduction, with couple edits) On October 4, 1886, Dr. Kinyoun began his career in the Marine Hospital Service at Staten Island Quarantine Station as an assistant surgeon, taking over direction of the Laboratory of Hygiene in 1887.[4] When the Surgeon General moved the laboratory from Staten Island to Washington, DC in 1891, he placed 26-years-old Kinyoun in charge of the nation's first federal bacteriology laboratory.

Hygienic Laboratory
When Koch announced in 1890 that there was a cure for tuberculosis, Kinyoun went to Berlin as a visiting scientist and became among the first to conclude based on lab and hospital investigations under Koch's direct supervision that tuberculin was not the hoped cure for tuberculosis. He then helped better evaluate treatment efficacy with modification of clinical study methods to introduce standardized examinations of patients. He articulated an early concept of innate and acquired immunity. After the Hygienic Lab moved to Washington DC, he brought back reagents, techniques, protocols, and ideas back that converted the lab into a modern European style workspace strongly oriented towards reaserach with applied public health and clinic applications.

His decade-long work as the Director of Hygienic Lab (1887-1896)

1887 - Studied cholera diagnosis and growth properties in sea water

1888 - Studied microbial disinfection with steam/pressure and later sulfur and formaldehyde

1889 - Studied yellow fever etiology, pandemic influenza, malaria, and lack of efficacy of cobra venom as cholera treatment

1891 - Proved lack of efficacy of tuberculin treatment, produced rabies vaccine, prepared first pneumococcal vaccine and first pneumococcal immune serum

1893 - Helped prepare new federal quarantine regulations

1894 - He was the first American to study newly discovered plague bacillus, studied new diphtheria antitoxin, prepared and test of smallpox immune serum in humans

1895 - He warned about plague importation to US and studied typhoid fever

1896 - Studied to distinguish variola from vaccinia, researched malaria and worked on streptococcal vaccine

San Francisco Quarantine Station
On April 27th, 1899, Walter Wyman transferred Kinyoun to run the 32-building complex of the San Francisco quarantine station. Kinyoun had predicted the plague’s eventual arrival in the United States as early as 1895, and had begun a plague research program in 1896, which he pursued even more energetically after receiving a strain obtained from China via the U.S. Navy in 1897. He also started to quarantine all arriving vessel form the four current plague ports: Honolulu, Sydney, Hong Kong, and Kobe, Japan. On March 6th 1900, plague case confirmed by Kinyoun as the first ever on US soil. Kinyoun advised California to concentrate control efforts on killing rats rather than emphasizing quarantine and isolation.

Politics of the San Francisco Plague

• I want to add more about his presence and influence during the Bubonic Plague in SF. During the epidemic, there were inherent conflict between business interests (wishing to suppress news of the epidemic in order to protect trade) and health officials (who require transparent public action in order to control the disease).

- By 1884, the Marine Hospital Service (MHS), under John Hamilton, emerged as the primary federal agency responsible for national public health policy.
- MHS set up a station on Angel Island in SF bay to serve west coast's largest port. Local political and commercial transportation interests were split over the inspection issue.
- Wyman sent Kinyoun, director of MHS's hygienic lab and service's senior bacteriologist, to take over the quarantine inspection station in SF
- The morning of Wong Chut King's death, Kellogg brought his slides and tissue samples to the quarantine station's library where Kinyoun confirmed the tentative diagnosis and injected infectious material into guinea pigs, white rat, and a small monkey. AFter 48 hours, animals seem to be fine so he backtracked and stated that his diagnosis was no longer certain
- Chinatown property was owned by local white population while Chinese population was abused. All previous outbreaks had been blamed o the Chinese and the fact that plague had been discovered in Chinatown reinforced the anti-Chinese sentiment. Since they couldn't no determine the cause of the plague, the outbreak was known as an Asian disease.
- Business interests (Southern Pacific Railroad Company, California Governor Henry Gage and SF major newspapers) denial. The chief target of the campaign was Kinyoun, federal quarantine officer. The State's two major medical journals: one support Kinyoun and argue for public health battle against outbreak (Sacramento Bee) and other supported business interests and political gain (Chronicle, Call and Bulletin).
- Kinyoun placed quarantines in Chinatown which prevented all Asians from crossing state border without certificate of health inspection. The social and economic conflict and discrimination that quarantines provoked over the years, Chinese inhabitants who were terrified by the military barricades and threats of compulsory vaccination, fought in the courtroom for discrimination. Governor Gage helped Chinese community bring law suites against Kinyoun for violating their civil rights of due process and equal protection. In 1901, the governor accues Kinyoun of injecting live plague into Chinese corpses in order to create a plague scare. The governor made an agreement that California would help fight the plague and stop attacking Kinyoun if the federal government blocked any further mention of the outbreak and remove Kinyoun.
- Although had to aborpt his quarantin in the early summer of 1900 and was ridiculed as a "plauge faker", Kinyoun continued to send telegrams to health officers of neighboring states to urge precautionary action because of the epidemic
- Kinyoun was removed and relocated to Seattle.

Plague Draft

The Political and Social Impact of the San Francisco plague Marine Hospital Service was set up a station on Angel Island in SF bay to serve west coast's largest port. When the MHS bacteriologist who had been trained in the laboratories of Pasteur and Koch, confirmed the diagnosis and identified several additional cases of the plague among Chinatown residents, the local political and commercial transportation interests were split over the inspection issue. The morning of Wong Chut King's death, Kellogg brought his slides and tissue samples to the quarantine station's library where Kinyoun confirmed the tentative diagnosis and injected infectious material into guinea pigs, white rat, and a small monkey. After 48 hours, animals seem to be fine so he backtracked and stated that his diagnosis was no longer certain. Chinatown property was owned by local white population while Chinese population was abused. All previous outbreaks had been blamed on the Chinese and the fact that plague had been discovered in Chinatown reinforced the anti-Chinese sentiment. Since they couldn't determine the cause of the plague, the outbreak was known as an Asian disease. Kinyoun placed quarantines in Chinatown which prevented all Asians from crossing state border without certificate of health inspection. Due to the social and economic conflict and discrimination that quarantines provoked over the years, Chinese inhabitants who were terrified by the military barricades and threats of compulsory vaccination, fought in the courtroom for discrimination. Residents of Chinatown, threatened by a quarantine, hid their plague-sickened and dead compatriots while political officials such as governor Gage, business interests such as the Southern Pacific Railroad Company, and major newspaper agencies denied the existence of plague in San Francisco. Governor Gage helped Chinese community bring law suites against Kinyoun for violating their civil rights of due process and equal protection. The judge ruled in favor of the claimant because the quarantine violated the 14th Amendment guarantee of equal protection. In 1901, the governor accused Kinyoun of injecting live plague into Chinese corpses in order to fabricate the existence of the disease and create a plague scare. Although had to abort his quarantine in the early summer of 1900 and was ridiculed as a "plague faker", Kinyoun continued to send telegrams to health officers of neighboring states to urge precautionary action because of the epidemic. The governor made an agreement that California would help fight the plague and stop attacking Kinyoun if the federal government blocked any further mention of the outbreak and remove Kinyoun.

The chief target of the campaign was Kinyoun, federal quarantine officer. The State's two major medical journals: one support Kinyoun and argue for public health battle against outbreak (Sacramento Bee) and other supported business interests and political gain (Chronicle, Call and Bulletin). — Preceding unsigned comment added by Ghwang3 (talk • contribs) 19:25, 8 December 2017 (UTC)

Marriage and children

I want to change the name James to Joe since that is the name he preferred to go by. Also, I have read that they had 5 children, first child was a daughter named Bettie, but she passed away at the age of 3 from contracting diphtheria. He was never able to fully recover after her death so he started to pour himself into work.

Reference

Ghwang3 (talk) 02:46, 21 October 2017 (UTC)

References

Additions to articles and reasons

I want to add more about his presence and influence during the Plague in SF. Joseph Kinyoun experienced a political controversy where political gain overruled the interest and health of the people. During the epidemic, there were inherent conflict between business interests (wishing to suppress news of the epidemic in order to protect trade) and health officials (who require transparent public action in order to control the disease). I want to start off by describing the background of how MHS was formed then segue into the controversy and influence of Governor Gage's actions. Governor Gage took advantage of the Chinese population and helped them file a lawsuit against Kinyoun for violating their civil rights. Although had to abort his quarantine in the early summer of 1900 and was ridiculed as a "plague faker", Kinyoun continued to uphold his responsibilities as a health officer and sent telegrams to health officers of neighboring states to urge precautionary action because of the epidemic. This event should be mentioned in his article because the if the influential figures of California, especially the political figures and business owners, banded together to address the plague epidemic earlier, it would have be controlled more efficiently and effectively. Ghwang3 (talk) 23:25, 10 November 2017 (UTC)

In the article about Joseph J. Kinyoun, I plan to add more information on his influence on the National Institute of Health. As he is known as the founder of this organization, I plan to speak on his historical background and what led him to establish the NIH and his origins with the Hygienic Laboratory. Asuguitan (talk) 21:36, 14 February 2018 (UTC)

Sources:

E Âhrén. Taming Dreaded Diseases in the 1800s: Joseph Kinyoun, the Hygienic Laboratory, and the Origins of the NIH.(link is external)The NIH Catalyst 20(6), November-December 2012.

DM Morens, VA Harden, JK Houts, Jr., and AS Fauci. The Indispensable Forgotten Man: Joseph James Kinyoun and the Founding of the National Institutes of Health — August 2012