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Re. the number of Germans in the Union Army, there seem to be several sources confirming this figure, e.g: "216,000 German born men were on the rolls of both the North and the South, with 177,000 in the Union Army" [1] "Statistics show that about 177,000 German born men were on the rolls of the Union Army. There were many more of German parentage, of course. Some served out of sheer patriotism, some to gain acceptance from their fellow Americans. " germanheritage.com "During the American Civil War, more than 180.000 German-born men fought in the Union armies East and West, plus tens of thousands of Austrians, Poles, Hungarians, and Czechs. Out of this number, possibly up to an estimated five thousand had previously served in the revolutionary armies and insurrections in Baden, the Palatinate, in Hungary, the Rhineland, Transsylvania, Poland, Bohemia, Berlin, or Saxony." Geschichtstheatergesellschaft "1848" Saint|swithin 08:43, August 22, 2005 (UTC)

I wouldn’t assume that these were all “Forty-Eighters.” A large number of Germans (Saxons and others) emigrated to the United States and Australia through the 1830s and 1840s who were conservative “Old Lutherans”.

199.229.240.252 (talk) 08:18, 21 August 2018 (UTC)[reply]

Communists

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Albeit brief, but no mention that many of the 48'ers were Communists? From a source that is supposed to neutral in its POV, it would be well to analyze the political leanings of the immigrants, no matter what its nature, as it had a direct bearing on the shape of our country today. Another Wikipedia article simply called 48'ers "freethinkers". I'm starting to detect an intentional bias in hiding the Communistic/Socialistic/Progressive nature of many of the 48'ers. Granted I don't want the result to be a diatribe for the Sons of the Confederacy, but some recognition of the political leanings of such men is warranted. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.73.52.194 (talk • contribs) 13:13, 12 September 2006

You need to read freethought. Not all freethinkers were left-of-center; not all leftists were freethinkers. (Same as nowadays.) And it didn't take much to be thought of as "progressive" by the anti-revolutionaries of 1848, so your argument is incredibly thin. --Orange Mike | Talk 17:43, 29 June 2010 (UTC)[reply]

Does Karl Marx qualify for inclusion? He was compelled to leave first Germany then France as a result of his beliefs. DancesWithGrues (talk) 01:50, 5 November 2017 (UTC)[reply]

Margarete Schurz

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Margarete Schurz, wife of Carl Schurz, seems out of place here. She was born in 1833, making her only 15 during this period. She was certainly not obligated to go into exile, and left the Germany voluntarily to care for her sister in England c. 1851 and emigrate with Carl Schurz to the U.S. in 1852. Bob Burkhardt (talk) 21:06, 18 March 2009 (UTC)[reply]

Switzerland and England; Netherlands?

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Switzerland (Friedrich Beust and Gottfried Kinkel — not until 1866 — are examples) and England (Gottfried Kinkel and Johanna Kinkel were here for some time) were also popular destinations for Forty-Eighters. They should have sections along with the current ones of Australia and the United States. And perhaps the Netherlands as well. Bob Burkhardt (talk) 21:16, 18 March 2009 (UTC)[reply]

Bibliography: Carl Wittke, Refugees of Revolution: The German Forty-Eighters in America

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Carl Wittke, Refugees of Revolution: The German Forty-Eighters in America, Philadelphia: Univ. of Penn. Press, 1952. at archive.org http://www.archive.org/details/refugeesofrevolu008276mbp

This book was available for download as a PDF-file. I recently had to erase my HD and lost the file before I could finish reading the book. Now, I can't seem to download it a second time from archive.org. Either something has changed on the site or I'm simply not doing the same thing as last time. Can somebody tell me what I'm doing wrong? Or is the download really no longer available? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.225.102.172 (talk) 20:52, 26 June 2010 (UTC)[reply]

Poles

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You forgott the polish Forty-Eighters like Wlodzmierz B. Krzyzanowski: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82odzimierz_Krzy%C5%BCanowski--89.70.88.251 (talk) 20:12, 3 May 2013 (UTC)[reply]

Onother one Alexander Bielaski: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Bielaski89.70.88.251 (talk) 21:16, 9 September 2013 (UTC)[reply]

Then add them. --Orange Mike | Talk 02:01, 10 September 2013 (UTC)[reply]
The first might be correct but the second was in the U.S. for decades? before the '48 incidents. Rmhermen (talk) 02:18, 10 September 2013 (UTC)[reply]
You are right, Bielaski left Europe before the 48ighter Revolution in Europe. But he took paart in the Polish November Uprising in 1831 which was connected to the later democratic movements in Germany and Europe. The so called "Europäischer Völkerfrühling" was a process which peak was in '48/'49. So it is maybe a question of defintion. In a very strict definition hi is not a 48ighter...89.70.88.251 (talk) 11:03, 14 September 2013 (UTC)[reply]
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Henry Wirz, War-Criminal and Forty-Eighter from Switzerland?

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According to the entry on Henry Wirz he left Switzerland as consequence of a court sentence for being indebted. What is more, Switzerland was a save haven for 1848 political refugees. It seems merely coincidental that Wirz migrated to the USA at the same time as the Forty-Eighters.

Wirz is listed as 'notable German generals in the American Civil War. He stands out in more than one way from this group. Foremost by being a Confederate and a tried and executed war criminal (perhaps as scape goat).

Now, this reasoning might be considered original research. While I consider it only pointing out inconsistencies of an unsupported, I still don't go ahead and change it right away. 91.34.109.230 (talk) 19:59, 30 November 2016 (UTC)[reply]

I'm deleting the unsupported reference to Wirz as a "forty-eighter" in the meaning of this article. - (Tribune) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Plebs Tribune (talk • contribs) 19:20, 25 February 2019 (UTC)[reply]

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=

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Hello fellow Wikipedians, Forty-Eighters (or Forty Niners) included all people what came from Hamburg include Netherlands, Czechs, Poland, Balticum, Austria-Hungaria and more. But also people from England and Irland was migrated about Hamburg. The Difference is registered Germans after the Census means Germans with Passport without fellow neighbours. This file shows the Migration of Germans (with german Passport) after the Census 1890 in America (produced by Uni Wisconsin 2015). https://mki.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/1100/2015/08/Census-map.jpg After the Uni of Wisconsin: "Germans formed the largest non-English-speaking group in Australia from 19 to the 20th century." and "According to the U.S. Census conducted in 2000, 42.8 million Americans identified themselves as being of German ancestry, representing 15.2% of the total U.S. population. By comparison, the next largest group, Irish Americans, comprised 10.8% of the population." [1] It is realistic to believe the revolution of 1948 (what started with many regional rebellions from 1840 to 1848) has great influence of fellow regions. And not to forgot; the Highland Clearances between 1792-1835 and the great Hungry Wave of Irland 1845-1849 and the Manchester capitalism in England around 1850fr. It was not a nice time in Europe. Greets from ~~Historicus~~ — Preceding unsigned comment added by 185.89.39.5 (talk) 22:34, 25 December 2022 (UTC)[reply]

References

  1. ^ https://mki.wisc.edu/exhibits/virtual-exhibits-2/how-german-is-american-3/how-german-is-american-settling-in-america/
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