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Salman al-Murshid

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Salman al-Murshid
سلمان المرشد
Personal
Born
سلمان يونس
Salman Yunus

1907 (1907)
Jawbat Burghal, Latakia Sanjak, Ottoman Syria
DiedDecember 16, 1946(1946-12-16) (aged 38–39)
Marjeh Square, Damascus, Syria
Cause of deathExecuted by hanging
ReligionIslam
ChildrenMuhammad "Fatih"
Mujib (born 1930, assassinated 1952)
Saji (born 1931, died 1998)
Nur al-Mudhi' (born 1944, died 2015)
Known forfounder of al-Murshidyah sect

Salman al-Murshid (Arabic: سلمان المرشد; 1907 – 16 December 1946) was a Syrian Alawi religious figure, political leader, and the founder of al-Murshidiyah religious sect.

Early beginnings

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Salman al-Murshid was born as Salman Yunus (سلمان يونس) in the village of Jawbat Burghal, in the Latakia Sanjak.

His emerging power worried both local notable Alawite families and the French authorities, who arranged to have him and some of his followers sent to Raqqa in exile in the mid-1920s.[1] Yet when al-Murshid returned, he managed to patch up his problems with local notables.[1]

In 1937, he became a member of Parliament, and avoided the separatist approach advocated for by some among Syria's minority groups.[1] Yet once it appeared that the French would not make good on their promise to grant Syria independence in 1936, al-Murshid began to call for independence again.[1] In 1943, he was elected again as a member of the central Syrian Parliament.

In 1944, under British instigation, al-Murshid was arrested in Beirut and kept in Damascus under house arrest for a few months.[2]

The Syrian government tried to charge him with treason and other civil charges, but they could not prove any of the charges. Hence, the Judge received a direct order from the president, Shukri al-Quwatli, to convict Salman by any means, and he was executed on 16 December 1946 in Marjeh Square in Damascus.

Followers

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His movement respected al-Murshid and, following his death, his sons Mujib and Saji.[3] The followers of al-Murshid later became known as Al-Murshidiyah (المرشدية) named after his second son Mujib Al-Murshid, who was killed by Abd Elhak Shihada (Arabic: عبد الحق شحادة)[citation needed], a military police commander, (by direct order from Adib Shishakli) on 27 November 1952. Murshidians were persecuted by the Syrian authorities until President Hafez al-Assad came to power in 1970. Since then, Al-Murshidyah was practiced relatively freely like any other religion. After the 1984 confrontation between Hafez al-Assad and his younger brother Rifaat al-Assad, the Al-Murshid family was allowed to return to the Latakia region. Murshidiya soldiers in Rifaat's Defense Companies (Sarāyā ad-Difāʿ) had sided with the President in the confrontation.

Murshidians only exist in Syria in which they mostly spread out in Latakia Governorate, Homs Governorate, Al-Ghab Plain and Damascus. Their numbers may vary from 300 to 500 thousand people.[4] They celebrate a festival called "Joy in God" for three days, starting from 25 August of each year, this day commemorates the beginning of the new religion by Mujib al-Murshid. In these three days, people make private prayers, dress well and offer desserts as a way of celebration.[5]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d Khoury, Philip (1987). Syria and the French Mandate: the Politics of Arab Nationalism, 1920-1945. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. p. 524.
  2. ^ Rabinovich, Itamar (October 1979). "The Compact Minorities and the Syrian State, 1918-45". Journal of Contemporary History.
  3. ^ Jason Pack (July 2008). "Another Modern-Day Messiah: Sulayman Al-Murshid and the political theology of 'Alawi separatism in French Mandatory Syria". Irfan Colloquia.
  4. ^ المرشديون السوريون يحتفلون بعيد "الفرح بالله"
  5. ^ بعد وفاة "نور المضيء المرشدي".. تعرّف إلى طقوس الطائفة المرشدية في الحزن والفرح

Sources

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