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St Mabyn

Coordinates: 50°31′34″N 4°45′50″W / 50.526°N 4.764°W / 50.526; -4.764
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St Mabyn
Aerial view of St Mabyn
St Mabyn is located in Cornwall
St Mabyn
St Mabyn
Location within Cornwall
Population628 [1]
OS grid referenceSX041732
Civil parish
  • St Mabyn
Unitary authority
Ceremonial county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townBODMIN
Postcode districtPL30
Dialling code01208
PoliceDevon and Cornwall
FireCornwall
AmbulanceSouth Western
UK Parliament
List of places
UK
England
Cornwall
50°31′34″N 4°45′50″W / 50.526°N 4.764°W / 50.526; -4.764

St Mabyn (Cornish: S. Mabon[2]) is a civil parish and village in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The village is situated three miles (5 km) east of Wadebridge.[3] The parish includes a hamlet called Longstone to the east and many small manor houses, including Tregarden, Tredethy, Helligan Barton and Colquite, all built in the 16th and 17th centuries. The area of the parish is 4,101 acres (16.60 km2).

Etymology

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The parish is traditionally named after Saint Mabyn or Mabena, said to have been one of the 24 children of Brychan, a Welsh saint and King of Brycheiniog in the 5th century.[4] Sabine Baring-Gould however suggests that the true founder of St Mabyn's Church was actually the male Welsh saint Mabon, and the attribution to a female Mabyn came about after the true history had been lost.[5] Davies Gilbert asserts that the name derives from the Cornish compound word Mab-in, meaning 'son'.[6]

The first recorded mention of the village was in 1234 when it was spelt Sancto Malbano, The ma... prefix can mean ‘place’.[7]

Demography

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The population in 2001 was 560 persons, exactly the same as in 1811, having declined from 595 in 1991.[1] Population in 2011 was 628.[8]

In 2013 the proportion of dwellings that were second homes or holiday accommodation was 10.1%.[9]

Geography

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View of St Mabyn with fields of flowering rape

The village is centred on the Grade I listed[10] 15th century St Mabyn Parish Church. Village amenities include a community shop and post office, a public house ‘St Mabyn Inn’ a village hall, a primary school, St Mabyn Church of England Primary School, a pre-school, a scout group, a garden club, and a Young Farmers' group. There is a King George's Field in memorial to King George V and a village green.

The village is surrounded by high quality, undulating farmland. The Allen valley to the north west contains a number of Cornish Nature Conservation Sites. Land to the south-east is designated as an open area of local significance. Four trees in the village are subject to preservation orders.[11] The village has no connection to main sewerage and relies on septic tank drainage.

There was post-war development of local authority housing along Chapel Lane and Wadebridge Road. In the 1980s private housing schemes at Mabena Close and Meadow Court were completed and there was further ribbon development growth along Station Road. A residential development Greenwix Parc, comprising thirty five dwellings including 12 affordable units was completed by Midas Homes in 2011.

Economy

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Wind turbine at Burlerrow Farm
Tom Bray planting apple trees
Haywood Farm orchards with Kellow's Farm in the background

The major economic activity in the parish is agriculture and the parish has several large farms. Most agriculture centres on dairying, with arable crops such as potato and rape and some raising of sheep.

James Mutton of Burlerrow Farm was the first farmer in Cornwall to receive a grant from the England Rural Development Programme this enabled him to process Miscanthus giganteus which is grown on his 750-acre farm and around the village, the crop is converted into livestock bedding.[12] The farm generates its own electricity with an Endurance 50 kW wind turbine.[13]

Andrew and Sally Kellow keep a large dairy herd at Treveglos Farm.[14]

Tom Bray produces around 26,000 litres of traditional farm cider a year at Haywood Farm,[15] where he has propagated 5,000 apple trees.[16]

In 2018 with the village shop proposing to close, a community shop opened on the site of the old school dinner hut, previously a petrol station.[17][18]

Parish church

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Main article: St Mabyn Parish Church

The church comprises a chancel and nave with north and south aisles. The arcades each comprise seven four-centred arches of granite, supported on monolith granite pillars with sculptured capitals of St Stephens porcelain stone. There is a south porch, a north door, and priest's door. The tower is 75 feet (23 m) high and has three stages. It has a parapet with pinnacles. The earliest recorded Priest-in-charge was Roger de Warlegan in 1267.[19] Canon David John Elkington is the present incumbent.[20]

History

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Kelly Rounds

The earliest signs of habitation are at the Iron Age hill fort of Kelly Rounds or Castle Killibury. Radiocarbon dating gives a date of occupation between 400 and 100 BC.[21]

An archaeological excavation at Chapelfields in 2016 uncovered evidence of two domestic Romano British enclosures (AD 43 to 410), finds included a rare copper alloy brooch, Samian pottery dated AD 150-230 and a slate game piece.[22] In January 2021 the Chapelfield site was subject to a second archaeological excavation which revealed finds including rotary querns, glass table ware and a large range of local and imported pottery.[23]

The cross at Cross Hill
Penwine Cross

Arthur Langdon (1896) records four Cornish crosses in the parish: one in the churchyard and others at Colquite, Cross Hill and Penwine.[24] The Penwine cross is at Longstone.

The parish was part of the ancient hundred of Triggshire. In the Domesday book of 1086 this district was taxed under the jurisdiction of Treu-es-coit (translated as "town of the wood", now called Trevisquite). Trethevey in St Mabyn parish was a manor recorded in the Domesday Book as Tewardevi. Both manors were held by Richard from Robert, Count of Mortain. Trevisquite had land for 12 ploughs, 25 households, a mill, 20 acres of woodland and 50 of pasture; its value was 25 shillings a year. Trethevey had land only for one plough, 3 households and 30 acres of pasture; its value was only 2 shillings though it had formerly been 5 shillings.[25] The St Mabyn Trethevey has the meaning "manorial centre on the river Dewey" (Ty war Duwy) unlike other Cornish places called Trethevy or Trethevey.[26]

The inquisition of the bishops of Lincoln and Winchester in 1294 gave the Cornish benefice "Ecclesia de Maben in decanatu de Trig Minorshire" a rateable value of £8. In Cardinal Thomas Wolsey's inquisition of 1521 it is rated at £36.[27]

Sir Richard Serjeaux of Colquite in St Mabyn became High Sheriff of Cornwall in 1389.[28] Below Colquite House is the ruin of a manor house possibly of the late 15th century which may have been a first-floor hall house.[29][30]

The Long Sentry field south east of the church, has been identified as the possible location of the most northerly Plain-an-gwarry or playing place (Cornish: Plen an Gwari) a Cornish Medieval amphitheatre it is mentioned in a church terrier of 1613 and 1679.[31][32]

Grade II listed Dinham's Bridge, built in the early 19th century crosses over the River Allan on the parish boundary with St Kew parish.[33]

Modern period

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A United Methodist Free Church chapel was built with funding from Richard Hambly Andrew of Tredinnick in 1820 during the incumbency of Leveson-Gower[34] but is now a private house.

St Mabyn's standing stone was broken up for gateposts in 1850 and the stump re-located to the crossroads at Longstone.[35]

The main land owners in 1875, apart from the church, were The Viscount Falmouth, the Trustees of William Molesworth, John Tremayne from Heligan, the heirs of the late John Peter-Hoblyn, Francis John Hext and Mrs. Hooper and Richard Hambly Andrew.[34] There was an annual fair held on 14 February.[36]

In 2012 a parish councillor became the first in Cornwall to be disqualified from holding public office, and was banned for two years for bullying and showing disrespect to members.[37][38]

Cornish wrestling

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Cornish wrestling tournaments for prizes were held in the old bowling green, adjoining the Old Inn, in St Mabyn churchtown.[39]

Notable residents

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References

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  1. ^ a b "GENUKI: St Mabyn". genuki.org.uk. Retrieved 22 July 2010.
  2. ^ "List of Place-names agreed by the MAGA Signage Panel" (PDF). Cornish Language Partnership. May 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 July 2014. Retrieved 11 January 2015.
  3. ^ Ordnance Survey: Landranger map sheet 200 Newquay & Bodmin ISBN 978-0-319-22938-5
  4. ^ Nicholas Orme (2000). The Saints of Cornwall. Oxford University Press. pp. 168–169. ISBN 9780191542893. Retrieved 15 January 2010.
  5. ^ Baring-Gould, Lives of the Saints, p. 276.
  6. ^ Davies Gilbert (2013). "The parochial history of Cornwall, founded on t..." archive.org. Retrieved 4 February 2013.
  7. ^ Padel, O. J. (1985). Cornish Place-name Elements. English Place-Name Society. ISBN 978-0904889116.
  8. ^ "GENUKI: St Mabyn". genuki.org.uk. 2013. Retrieved 13 February 2015.
  9. ^ Em Williams (2013). "Rogerson urges action over second homes in North Cornwall | Wadebridge People". wadebridgepeople.co.uk. Archived from the original on 5 May 2013. Retrieved 3 February 2013.
  10. ^ English Heritage (2013). "Church of St Mabena – St Mabyn – Cornwall – England | British Listed Buildings". britishlistedbuildings.co.uk. Retrieved 6 February 2013.
  11. ^ "Allan Ward Profile" (Issue 8 March 2008) North Cornwall District Council
  12. ^ "elephant grass growing Cornwall | This is Cornwall". thisiscornwall.co.uk. 2013. Archived from the original on 22 April 2013. Retrieved 3 February 2013. A St Mabyn farmer first in Cornwall to receive grant from Rural Development Programme for England .
  13. ^ "James-Mutton_Case-Study_Burlerrow-Farm_23Apr14_Hi-Res-A4.pdf" (PDF). pdf.js. 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 December 2014. Retrieved 19 December 2014.
  14. ^ "Families see how cheese is produced | Cornish Guardian". cornishguardian.co.uk. 2014. Archived from the original on 29 December 2014. Retrieved 29 December 2014.
  15. ^ Anderson Elizabeth (11 June 2015). "Small cider makers "put at risk" by Brussels taxman". Daily Telegraph. pp. B5.
  16. ^ "My six favourite things | This is Cornwall". thisiscornwall.co.uk. 2013. Archived from the original on 20 August 2013. Retrieved 20 August 2013. traditional farmhouse cider
  17. ^ "The Site of St Mabyn's New Community Shop". www.stmabynshop.co.uk. Retrieved 1 October 2018.
  18. ^ "St Mabyn's Community Shop flies in!". North Cornwall Advertiser. Retrieved 1 October 2018.
  19. ^ "St Mabyn". thisisnorthcornwall.com. Retrieved 22 July 2010.
  20. ^ "St Mabyn: St Mabena, St Mabyn – Cornwall | Diocese of Truro". achurchnearyou.com. 2013. Retrieved 4 February 2013.
  21. ^ Weatherhill, Craig (1985) Cornovia: ancient sites of Cornwall & Scilly. Cornwall Books, 1985; revised 1997 & 2000, ISBN 1-871060-31-1)
  22. ^ "Library". archaeologydataservice.ac.uk. Retrieved 5 November 2018.
  23. ^ "Chapelfield, St Mabyn, Cornwall Archaeological excavation" (PDF). Retrieved 27 March 2021.
  24. ^ Langdon, A. G. (1896) Old Cornish Crosses. Truro: Joseph Pollard; pp. 65-66, 48 & 338
  25. ^ Thorn, C. et al. (eds.) Cornwall. Chichester: Phillimore; entries 5,3,24 & 25
  26. ^ Weatherhill, Craig (2009) A Concise Dictionary of Cornish Place-Names. Westport, Co. Mayo: Evertype ISBN 978-1-904808-22-0; p. 76
  27. ^ Polsue, Joseph (1870) A Complete Parochial History of the County of Cornwall
  28. ^ Polsue, Joseph (1872) A Complete Parochial History of the County of Cornwall, Vol. IV, p. 122
  29. ^ Pevsner, N. (1970) Cornwall; 2nd ed., revised by E. Radcliffe. Penguin; p. 55
  30. ^ Chesher, F. (1967) (article in) Cornish Archaeology; vol. 6
  31. ^ "Heritage Gateway – Results". heritagegateway.org.uk. 2014. Retrieved 11 December 2014.
  32. ^ Church Terrier – 1613 – Cornwall Record Office Document ARD/TER/304
  33. ^ "Dinham's Bridge – St Mabyn – Cornwall – England | British Listed Buildings". britishlistedbuildings.co.uk. 2015. Retrieved 13 February 2015.
  34. ^ a b Maclean, John (1875) Parochial and Family History of Trigg Minor in the County of Cornwall: St. Mabyn and Michaelstowe
  35. ^ The Megalithic Portal and Megalith Map: Longstone (St Mabyn) Standing Stone (Menhir)
  36. ^ St Mabyn AP/CP Cornwall through time | Descriptive Gazetteer entries[permanent dead link]
  37. ^ "'Chamber of Horrors' councillor is banned | This is Cornwall". thisiscornwall.co.uk. 2013. Archived from the original on 30 April 2012. Retrieved 3 February 2013.
  38. ^ "BBC News – St Mabyn Parish councillor barred from office". bbc.co.uk. 2013. Retrieved 3 February 2013.
  39. ^ Royal Cornwall Gazette, 17 July 1869.
  40. ^ Pauline Pickup (2013). "Cornwall – Genealogy Resources". cornwall-opc.org. Retrieved 3 February 2013. Pauline Pickup
  41. ^ W. A. Chambers (2013). "Lawry, Samuel – Biography – Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand". teara.govt.nz. Retrieved 3 February 2013.
  42. ^ "Jill Murphy | Dear Hound | thisiscornwall.co.uk | This is Cornwall". thisiscornwall.co.uk. 2013. Archived from the original on 5 May 2013. Retrieved 4 February 2013.
  43. ^ Burke, Arthur Meredyth (2013). The Prominent Families of the United States of America – Google Books. Genealogical Publishing Com. ISBN 9780806313085. Retrieved 6 November 2013.
  44. ^ Bellet, Louise Pecquet du (2013). Some Prominent Virginia Families – Google Books. Genealogical Publishing Com. ISBN 9780806307220. Retrieved 6 November 2013.

Further reading

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  • Maclean, John (1872–79) The Parochial and Family History of the Deanery of Trigg Minor. 3 vols. London: Nichols & Son
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