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Song of Songs 6

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Song of Songs 6
Inscription "I went down into the garden of nuts" and on tab: "Song of Solomon 6:11", "Joyous Festivals 5713" stamp - 220 mil.
BookSong of Songs
CategoryKetuvim
Christian Bible partOld Testament
Order in the Christian part22

Song of Songs 6 (abbreviated [where?] as Song 6) is the sixth chapter of the Song of Songs in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible.[1][2] This book is one of the Five Megillot, a collection of short books, together with Ruth, Lamentations, Ecclesiastes and Esther, within the Ketuvim, the third and the last part of the Hebrew Bible.[3] Jewish tradition views Solomon as the author of this book (although this is now largely disputed), and this attribution influences the acceptance of this book as a canonical text.[3] This chapter contains a dialogue between the daughters of Jerusalem and the woman about the man, followed by the man's descriptive poem of the woman, ending with a collective call to the woman to return.[4]

Text

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The original text is written in Hebrew. This chapter is divided into 13 verses.

Textual witnesses

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Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text, which includes the Codex Leningradensis (1008).[5][a] Some fragments containing parts of this chapter were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls: 4Q106 (4QCanta); 30 BCE-30 CE; extant verses 11(?)-12).[7][8][9]

There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BCE. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; B; 4th century), Codex Sinaiticus (S; BHK: S; 4th century), and Codex Alexandrinus (A; A; 5th century).[10]

Structure

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The Modern English Version (MEV) identifies the speakers in this chapter as:

Chorus: Inquiry for the male (6:1)

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Continuing from chapter 5, the daughters of Jerusalem agree to look for the man.[4]

Verse 1

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Where has your beloved gone,
O fairest among women?
Where has your beloved turned aside,
that we may seek him with you?[11]

The words in this verse parallel those in Song 5:9.[12]

Female: Reunites with her lover (6:2-3)

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This part contains the woman's affirmation of her love, when she finds him enjoying his garden.[4]

Verse 2

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My beloved is gone down into his garden, to the beds of spices, to feed in the gardens, and to gather lilies.[13]

This could be related to Ecclesiastes 2:5, 6 where Solomon says, "I planted me vineyards; I made me gardens and parks, and I planted trees in them of all kinds of fruit; I made me pools of water, to water therefrom the forest where trees were reared."[14] Franz Delitzsch suggests that she locates him in the garden because this is where he is inclined to spend his time, "where he delights most to tarry".[15]

Verse 3

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A text from Song 6:3 in Dutch (English: "Feedeth among the lilies"), on a house in Leiden, the Netherlands.
I am my beloved's, and my beloved is mine: he feedeth among the lilies.[16]

In reversed order compared to Song 2:16.[17] He feeds his flock among the lilies: reference to the flock is added in the New King James Version and other texts.[18]

Male: Second descriptive poem for the female (6:4-10)

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This descriptive poem by the man still belongs to a long section concerning the desire and love in the country which continues until 8:4,[19] and partly parallel to the one in chapter 4.[4] The man's waṣf and the other ones (4:1-8; 5:10-16; 7:1-9) theologically demonstrate the heart of the Song that values the body as not evil but good even worthy of praise, and respects the body with an appreciative focus (rather than lurid).[20] Hess notes that this reflects 'the fundamental value of God's creation as good and the human body as a key part of that creation, whether at the beginning (Genesis 1:26–28) or redeemed in the resurrection (1 Corinthians 15:42, 44)'.[20]

Verse 4

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You are beautiful as Tirzah, my love,
comely as Jerusalem,
awesome as an army with banners![21]
  • Tirzah: the capital of the Kingdom of Northern Israel in the late 10th and early 9th BCE; likely identified with Tell el-Farah North.[22]
  • "My love" (or "my [female] friend"; Hebrew: רעיתי, ra‘-yā-ṯî[23]) a specific term of endearment used by the man for the woman that is used 9 times in the book (Song 1:9, 15; 2:2,10, 13; 4:1,7; 5:2; 6:4).[24][25] The masculine form of the same root word to call the man ("my [male] friend"; Hebrew: רעי, rê-‘î[26])[b] is used in a parallel construction with "my beloved" (Hebrew: דודי, ḏōḏî[26]) in Song 5:16.[24]

Female: Lingering in the groves (6:11-12)

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The woman's voice in this part contains ambiguity in the meaning of some words, that poses difficulty in assigning it to either of the main speakers (NIV assigns this part to the man).[28]

Verse 11

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French tapestry with the text of Song 6:11 in Latin (English: "I went down into the garden of nuts"). Palais du Tau, Reims, Hauteville, Aisne (17th century).
I went down into the garden of nuts to see the fruits of the valley, and to see whether the vine flourished and the pomegranates budded.[29]

Verse 12

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Or ever I was aware, my soul made me like the chariots of Amminadib.[31]
  • "Amminadib": or "my noble people".[32] The Septuagint and Vulgate, as in the King James Bible refer this last part of the verse to an individual named Amminadib (or variant spelling "Aminadab").[33] K. Froehlich notes that "Amminadab's chariot" was interpreted as a four-horse chariot or quadriga during the Middle Ages, and considered 'a cipher for the fourfold meaning and interpretation of Scripture'.[34]

Chorus: Call to return (6:13)

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This verse does not indicate clearly who the speaker is, but there must be either multiple persons concerned in it or a quotation, because 'there is an evident interchange of question and answer'.[12]

Verse 13

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[Friends of the Woman]

Return, return, O Shulammite!
Return, return, that we may look upon you.

[The Man]

Why should you look upon the Shulammite,
as upon a dance before two armies?[35]
  • "Shulammite": The name for the bride which only occurs here in the whole book, but 'it cannot be a proper name, otherwise even in the vocative there would be no article, as there is here', so it can be interpreted as 'maiden of Shulam' (cf. the Shunammite, 1 Kings 1:3).[12] It could be how the courtiers call her, not knowing her true name, so they use 'the name of the village near which they were when they saw her'.[12]
  • "A dance before two armies" (KJV: "the company of two armies"): or "dance of Mahanaim".[36]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Since 1947 the current text of Aleppo Codex is missing Song of Songs 3:11, after the word ציון ("Zion"), to the end.[6]
  2. ^ Another use of rê·‘î in the Hebrew Bible is in Job 31:9.[27]

References

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  1. ^ Halley 1965, p. 279.
  2. ^ Holman Illustrated Bible Handbook. Holman Bible Publishers, Nashville, Tennessee. 2012.
  3. ^ a b Brenner 2007, p. 429.
  4. ^ a b c d Brenner 2007, p. 431.
  5. ^ Würthwein 1995, pp. 36–37.
  6. ^ P. W. Skehan (2003), "BIBLE (TEXTS)", New Catholic Encyclopedia, vol. 2 (2nd ed.), Gale, pp. 355–362
  7. ^ Ulrich, Eugene, ed. (2010). The Biblical Qumran Scrolls: Transcriptions and Textual Variants. Brill. pp. 744. ISBN 9789004181830. Retrieved May 15, 2017.
  8. ^ Dead sea scrolls - Song of Songs.
  9. ^ Fitzmyer, Joseph A. (2008). A Guide to the Dead Sea Scrolls and Related Literature. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. p. 42. ISBN 9780802862419. Retrieved February 15, 2019.
  10. ^ Würthwein 1995, pp. 73–74.
  11. ^ Song 6:1 MEV
  12. ^ a b c d Harper, A. (1902), Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges. Song of Solomon 6, accessed 28 April 2019.
  13. ^ Song 6:2 KJV
  14. ^ Exell, Joseph S.; Spence-Jones, Henry Donald Maurice (Editors). On "Song of Solomon 6". In: The Pulpit Commentary. 23 volumes. First publication: 1890, accessed 24 April 2019.
  15. ^ Delitzsch, F. and Keil, C. F., Keil and Delitzsch OT Commentary on Song of Solomon 6, accessed 15 January 2023
  16. ^ Song 6:3: KJV
  17. ^ Jamieson, Robert; Fausset, Andrew Robert; Brown, David. Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary On the Whole Bible. "Song of Solomon 6". 1871.
  18. ^ Song of Songs 6:3: NKJV
  19. ^ Hess 2005, p. 36.
  20. ^ a b Hess 2005, p. 127.
  21. ^ Song 6:4 MEV
  22. ^ Coogan 2007, p. 965 Hebrew Bible.
  23. ^ Hebrew Text Analysis: Song of Solomon 6:4. Biblehub
  24. ^ a b Bergant 2001, p. 19.
  25. ^ Strong's Concordance: 7474. rayah. Biblehub
  26. ^ a b Hebrew Text Analysis: Song of Solomon 5:16. Biblehub
  27. ^ Englishman's Concordance: rê·‘î — 2 Occurrences. Biblehub
  28. ^ a b Longman 2001, p. 184.
  29. ^ Song 6:11 KJV
  30. ^ Hebrew Text Analysis: Song of Solomon 6:11. Biblehub
  31. ^ Song 6:12 KJV
  32. ^ Note on Song of Solomon 6:12 in NKJV
  33. ^ Longman 2001, p. 185.
  34. ^ Froehlich, K. "Amminadab's Chariot: The Predicament of Biblical Interpretation," Princeton Seminary Bulletin 18 (1997): 262-78, apud Longman 2001, p. 185
  35. ^ Song 6:13 MEV or Song 7:1 in Hebrew Bible (Note [a] on Song of Solomon 6:13 in MEV)
  36. ^ Note [b] on Song of Solomon 6:13 in MEV

Sources

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