Cephalanthus
| Cephalanthus | |
|---|---|
| |
| Cephalanthus occidentalis | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Gentianales |
| Family: | Rubiaceae |
| Subfamily: | Cinchonoideae |
| Tribe: | Naucleeae |
| Genus: | Cephalanthus L. |
| Type species | |
| Cephalanthus occidentalis | |
| Synonyms | |
Cephalanthus is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. There are about six species that are commonly known as buttonbush.[1][2]
Description
[edit]They are shrubs or small trees growing to 5–15 m (16–49 ft) tall. The leaves are simple, arranged in opposite pairs or whorls of three. The flowers form a dense globular inflorescence.
Distribution and habitat
[edit]Cephalanthus occidentalis is native to the eastern United States and Canada. The others occur in tropical regions of the Americas, Africa and Asia.[3] Two species are known in cultivation.[4]
Systematics
[edit]Cephalanthus was named by Linnaeus in Species Plantarum in 1753.[5] The generic name is derived from the Ancient Greek words κέφαλη (kephale), meaning "head", and ἄνθος (anthos), meaning "flower".[6]
Taxonomy
[edit]Cephalanthus is the most basal genus in the tribe Naucleeae.[7] Some authors have segregated it into its own monotypic tribe.[8] The type species is Cephalanthus occidentalis.[9]
Species
[edit]- Cephalanthus angustifolius Lour. - Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam
- Cephalanthus glabratus (Spreng.) K.Schum. - sarandí - Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay
- Cephalanthus natalensis Oliv. - Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, Lesotho, Eswatini, South Africa
- Cephalanthus occidentalis L. - button-willow, common buttonbush, honey-bells - Cuba, eastern Canada, eastern, central and southern United States, California, Arizona, New Mexico
- Cephalanthus salicifolius Humb. & Bonpl. - Mexican buttonbush, willowleaf buttonbush - Mexico, Honduras, extreme southern tip of Texas
- Cephalanthus tetrandrus (Roxb.) Ridsdale & Bakh.f.[2][10][11] - tropical Asia from India to China and Thailand
Fossil record
[edit]16 fossil mericarps of †Chephalanthus pusillus have been described from middle Miocene strata of the Fasterholt area near Silkeborg in Central Jutland, Denmark.[12]
References
[edit]- ^ The Plant List, Cephalanthus
- ^ a b Flora of China, Cephalanthus
- ^ Mabberley DJ (2008). Mabberley's Plant Book (3rd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-82071-4.
- ^ Huxley AJ et al. (eds.) The New Royal Horticultural Society Dictionary of Gardening. The Macmillan Press Limited, London; The Stockton Press, New York. 1992. ISBN 978-0-333-47494-5
- ^ Linnaeus, C. Cephalanthus. Species Plantarum. 1753. 1: 95
- ^ Quattrocchi, U. (2000). CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names. Vol. 1. Boca Raton, New York, Washington DC, London: CRC Press. p. 476. ISBN 978-0-8493-2675-2.
- ^ Manns, U. and B. Bremer. 2010. Towards a better understanding of intertribal relationships and stable tribal delimitations within Cinchonoideae s.s. (Rubiaceae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 56(1), 21-39. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.04.002
- ^ Ridsdale CE (1976). "A revision of the tribe Cephalantheae (Rubiaceae)". Blumea. 23 (1): 177–88.
- ^ Cephalanthus. Index Nominum Genericorum. Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History.
- ^ "Cephalanthus tetrandrus (Roxb.) Ridsdale & Bakh.f." WFO Plant list. June 2023. Retrieved 18 August 2023.
- ^ "Cephalanthus tetrandrus (Roxb.) Ridsdale & Bakh.f." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 18 August 2023.
- ^ Angiosperm Fruits and Seeds from the Middle Miocene of Jutland (Denmark) by Else Marie Friis, The Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters 24:3, 1985
External links
[edit]
- Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, Cephalanthus
- USDA PLANTS, Cephalanthus
- Flora of Taiwan, Cephalanthus
| Authority control databases: National |
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