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National Gathering (Serbia)

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National Gathering
Национално окупљање
AbbreviationNO
Representatives
Founded4 October 2023
Dissolved30 December 2023
Ideology
Political positionFar-right
Colours  Blue
Website
nacionalnookupljanje.rs

National Gathering[a] (Serbian: Национално окупљање, romanized: Nacionalno okupljanje, abbr. NO), initially known as the Serbian State-Building Bloc (Serbian: Српски државотворни блок, romanized: Srpski državotvorni blok, abbr. SDB), was a far-right political coalition in Serbia, composed of Serbian Party Oathkeepers (SSZ) and Dveri. Formed in October 2023, the NO took part in the parliamentary, Vojvodina provincial, and Belgrade City Assembly elections, all of which were held on 17 December 2023.

During the campaign period, the NO was represented by Boško Obradović, the president of Dveri, Milica Đurđević Stamenkovski, the president of SSZ, and Ratko Ristić, the coalition's mayoral candidate for Belgrade. The election coalition was unsuccessful; it failed to cross the threshold and lost all of its representation in the bodies. It was dissolved shortly afterwards. Despite not having any representation, SSZ joined the Serbian Progressive Party (SNS)-led government in May 2024.

An ultranationalist coalition, the NO was critical of the ruling SNS. It opposed the Ohrid Agreement, the independence of Kosovo, and the accession of Serbia to the European Union and NATO; instead, it proposed closer relations with Russia, China, and the BRICS. NO received support from the far-right Alternative for Germany, and it also organised a gathering with the Hungarian Our Homeland Movement and Bulgarian Revival parties.

History

[edit]
Representatives of the National Gathering coalition inside the building of the Republic Electoral Commission in November 2023
The National Gathering (representatives pictured) was led by the Serbian Party Oathkeepers and Dveri

Background

[edit]

The Serbian Party Oathkeepers (SSZ), led by Milica Đurđević Stamenkovski, and Dveri, led by Boško Obradović, had been cooperating as early as April 2022, when they signed a document in which they pledged to oppose any sanctions against Russia that are related to the Russian invasion of Ukraine. At the press conference, Đurđević Stamenkovski added that, however, SSZ and Dveri did not sign a pre-election coalition agreement or an agreement on merging their parliamentary groups in the National Assembly of Serbia.[2]

Their cooperation was further expanded in October 2022, when, together with the National Democratic Alternative (NADA), which is composed of New Democratic Party of Serbia (NDSS) and Movement for the Restoration of the Kingdom of Serbia (POKS), and the People's Party (Narodna), they signed a joint declaration for the "reintegration of Kosovo into the constitutional and legal order of Serbia" (za reintegraciju KiM u ustavno-pravni poredak Srbije).[3] Later that month, SSZ, Dveri, NDSS, and POKS submitted a proposed resolution against introducing sanctions against Russia in the National Assembly.[4] Beginning in January 2023, SSZ, Dveri, and NADA organised protests and called for the rejection of the Ohrid Agreement, a proposed agreement to normalise relations between Serbia and Kosovo.[5] They organised protests in January and March 2023.[5][6]

Formation

[edit]

Inside the City Assembly of Belgrade, SSZ and Dveri formed a joint councillor group in September 2023, named "Serbian Movement Dveri – Serbian Party Oathkeepers – Patriotic Bloc". Đurđević Stamenkovski was presented as the group's leader, however, she said that Radmila Vasić would instead act as its main spokesperson.[7] A month later, on 4 October 2023, SSZ and Dveri formed the Serbian State-Building Bloc (SDB). Alongside Đurđević Stamenkovski and Obradović, Miloš Ković, a historian and professor at the Faculty of Philosophy, was also one of its initiators; Obradović also added that academics Dušan Proroković, Ratko Ristić, and Valentina Arsić Arsenijević were also part of the bloc, despite not attending the press conference. SSZ and Dveri announced that they would take part together in the upcoming elections, and they invited NADA, Narodna, and "other extra-parliamentary and parliamentary parties that are opposed to the [Ohrid Agreement] to join the bloc" (druge vanparlamentarne i parlamentarne činioce koji se protive francusko nemačkom predlogu da postanu deo ovog bloka).[8]

SSZ and Dveri announced on 9 October that they had begun talks with NADA, Narodna, and other extra-parliamentary parties to expand SDB for the upcoming elections.[9] Miloš Jovanović, the president of NDSS, did not rule out NADA joining SDB; he also said that "if it does not happen it will not be a drama" (i ako se ne desi nije drama).[10] Further talks between SSZ, Dveri, NDSS, POKS, and Narodna were held in late October 2023; however, Stefan Stamenkovski, on behalf of SSZ, rejected the proposed document to create a single electoral list for the 2023 parliamentary election.[11] Đurđević Stamenkovski herself said that "they had multiple constructive discussions" (imali su nekoliko konstruktivnih razgovora) but that there would not be a single electoral list consisting of SSZ, Dveri, NDSS, POKS, and Narodna.[12] Following these negotiations, Ković disassociated himself with SSZ and Dveri.[13]

Elections and aftermath

[edit]

On 27 October, SSZ and Dveri presented Ristić as their mayoral candidate for the elections in Belgrade.[14] Once the elections were called on 1 November, SSZ and Dveri announced that they would contest the elections under the National Gathering (NO) label instead.[15] The Republic Electoral Commission confirmed their electoral list on 5 November, with Đurđević Stamenkovski as the ballot holder.[16] For the Belgrade City Assembly election, their electoral list was confirmed on 13 November.[17] Their electoral list for the Vojvodina provincial election was confirmed on 27 November.[18] NO held its last campaign convention on 10 December.[19]

In the elections, NO failed to cross the electoral threshold, and thus it lost representation in the National Assembly of Serbia and the City Assembly of Belgrade and failed to gain representation in the Assembly of Vojvodina.[20][21][22] Subsequently, Obradović resigned as president of Dveri and announced his retirement from national politics.[23] Ristić also defected to the We – Power of the People (MI–SN) organisation of Branimir Nestorović.[24] The coalition was eventually dissolved on 30 December.[25] SSZ changed its perception of SNS after the elections.[26] It was initially announced that SSZ would join the People's Movement for the State and that it would contest the local elections in Prokuplje and Pirot with SNS.[27][28][29] Later, in April 2024, SSZ announced that it would contest the 2024 Belgrade City Assembly election with SNS and the Socialist Party of Serbia.[30] In this election, SSZ regained one seat in the City Assembly of Belgrade.[31][32] Ristić also became a councillor, on behalf of MI–SN.[33] Amidst the campaign, Đurđević Stamenkovski was appointed a minister in the new government of Serbia.[34]

Ideology and platform

[edit]
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A political coalition composed of SSZ and Dveri, far-right ultranationalist and ultraconservative parties,[35][36][37][38] NO was opposed to the implementation of the proposed Ohrid Agreement.[8] Although in opposition to the ruling Serbian Progressive Party, NO was also critical of pro-European parties and refused to cooperate with them.[8][39][40]

At the October 2023 press conference, Obradović also declared that it is important to "preserve the domestic economy, agriculture, family, and traditional values, as well as respect for the Constitution of Serbia" (očuvanja domaće privrede i poljoprivrede, porodičnih i tradicionalnih vrednosti kao i poštovanja Ustava Srbije).[41] Đurđević Stamenkovski said that the main vision of the bloc was to gather nationalist parties.[42] At its second press conference in Kragujevac, the RTV Kragujevac described NO's main principles as "fighting for a sovereign, independent Serbia with a national economy, agriculture, and education" (suverena, nezavisna Srbija sa nacionalnom ekonomijom, agrarom i prosvetom).[43] While campaigning in Valjevo, Obradović said that NO would "defend and preserve Kosovo and Metohija as part of Serbia, Republika Srpska, oppose sanctions against Russia and Serbia's membership in NATO, and protect the environment" (odbrana i očuvanje Kosova i Metohije u sastavu Srbije, Republike Srpske, ne sankcijama Rusiji i članstvu Srbije u NATO paktu, i [...] zaštiti životne sredine).[44][45]

NO's campaign was largely focused on opposing the Ohrid Agreement, preserving traditional values and Kosovo as part of Serbia, supporting Republika Srpska and Serbs in neighbouring regions, and supporting ecological patriotism.[46] Obradović, on behalf of NO, stated his support for greater incentives for domestic businessmen and farmers.[47] NO also expressed their support for retaining close relations with China due to their positions towards Kosovo.[48] Đurđević Stamenkovski said that NO would want Serbia to become a member of BRICS.[49] Regarding the Belgrade election, Ristić campaigned on combating corruption, drug addiction, impurity, and revamping the public transport.[50]

With Đurđević Stamenkovski leading the delegation, the far-right Alternative for Germany (AfD) voiced its support for NO during the delegation's visit in Germany in November 2023.[51] The Ravna Gora Movement and Mladen Obradović of the clerical-fascist Obraz organisation also expressed their support for the coalition.[52][53] In December 2023, NO organised a gathering in Belgrade, featuring far-right parties AfD, Hungarian Our Homeland Movement, and Bulgarian Revival.[54] Đurđević Stamenkovski and Obradović met with Maria Zakharova, the spokesperson of the foreign ministry of Russia, on 1 December.[55]

Members

[edit]

NO was composed of SSZ and Dveri.[8] In the National Assembly of Serbia, SSZ had 8 members and Dveri had 6, while in the City Assembly of Belgrade, the SSZ–Dveri councillor group had 5 members.[56][57]

Name Leader Main ideology Political position National Assembly (2023 election) City Assembly of Belgrade (2023 election)
Serbian Party Oathkeepers (SSZ) Milica Đurđević Stamenkovski Ultranationalism[58] Far-right[59]
0 / 250
0 / 110
Serbian Movement Dveri (Dveri) Boško Obradović Serbian nationalism[60] Far-right[61]
0 / 250
0 / 110

Electoral performance

[edit]

Parliamentary elections

[edit]
National Assembly
Year Leader Popular vote % of popular vote # # of seats Seat change Status Ref.
Name Party
2023 Milica Đurđević Stamenkovski SSZ 105,165 2.83% Increase 6th
0 / 250
 Decrease 14 Extra-parliamentary [62]

Provincial elections

[edit]
Assembly of Vojvodina
Year Leader Popular vote % of popular vote # # of seats Seat change Status Ref.
Name Party
2023 Dejan Vuković SSZ 22,487 2.36% Increase 7th
0 / 250
 Steady 0 Extra-parliamentary [63]

Belgrade City Assembly elections

[edit]
City Assembly of Belgrade
Year Leader Popular vote % of popular vote # # of seats Seat change Status Ref.
Name Party
2023 Ratko Ristić Ind. 24,213 2.63% Increase 6th
0 / 250
 Decrease 7 Extra-parliamentary [64]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Also translated as National Rally.[1]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Burazer, Nikola; Ivković, Aleksandar; Popović, Sofija; Maričić, Jovana (March 2024). "Serbian Elections 2023: The Fall of Democratic Facade" (PDF). Friedrich Ebert Foundation. p. 5. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 July 2024. Retrieved 6 July 2024.
  2. ^ "Zavetnici i Dveri formirali blok protiv sankcija Rusiji" [Oathkeepers and Dveri form an against sanctions on Russia bloc]. Politika (in Serbian). 13 April 2022. Archived from the original on 27 July 2024. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
  3. ^ "Deklaracija Pokreta za odbranu KiM i pet partija za južnu pokrajinu" [Declaration of the Movement for the Defence of KiM and five parties for the southern province]. Radio Television of Serbia. 4 October 2022. Archived from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
  4. ^ "Dveri, Zavetnici, Novi DSS i POKS predali Skupštini predlog rezolucije protiv uvođenja sankcija Rusiji" [Dveri, Oathkeepers, New DSS, and POKS submitted to the National Assembly a proposal for a resolution against the introduction of sanctions against Russia]. Politika (in Serbian). 21 October 2022. Archived from the original on 31 October 2022. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
  5. ^ a b "Protest ispred Predsedništva: Dveri, NADA i Zavetnici traže potpuno odbacivanje evropskog predloga za Kosovo i Metohiju" [Protest in front of the Presidency: Dveri, NADA, and Oathkeepers demand complete rejection of the European proposal for Kosovo and Metohija]. Danas (in Serbian). 28 January 2023. Archived from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
  6. ^ ""Ne kapitulaciji": Protest protiv francusko-nemačkog predloga za Kosovo" ["No to capitulation": Protest against the Franco-German proposal for Kosovo]. BBC News (in Serbian). 17 March 2023. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
  7. ^ "Formirana nova odbornička grupa u Skupštini Beograda Zavetnici – Dveri" [A new councillor group was formed in the City Assembly of Belgrade, Oathkeepers–Dveri]. Danas (in Serbian). 13 September 2023. Archived from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
  8. ^ a b c d "Zavetnici i Dveri formirali "Srpski državotvorni blok", pozvali koaliciju NADA i druge stranke da im se pridruže" [Oathkeepers and Dveri formed the "Serbian State-Building Bloc", they invited the NADA coalition and other parties to join them]. Danas (in Serbian). 4 October 2023. Archived from the original on 5 October 2023. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
  9. ^ "Dveri i Zavetnici u razgovorima sa drugim organizacijama slične orijentacije oko ujedinjenja" [Dveri and Oathkeepers in talks with other organisations of a similar orientation regarding unification]. Novinska agencija Beta (in Serbian). 9 October 2023. Archived from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
  10. ^ "Miloš Jovanović: Zasad nema koalicije sa Dverima, Zavetnicima i Narodnom strankom, ako se i ne desi nije drama" [Miloš Jovanović: So far there is no coalition with Dveri, Oathkeepers, and the People's Party, if it doesn't happen it's not a drama]. Danas (in Serbian). 15 October 2023. Archived from the original on 15 October 2023. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  11. ^ Štetin Lakić, Jovana (30 October 2023). "Propali pregovori državotvorne opozicije, Stamenkovski sprečio dogovor" [The negotiations of the state-forming opposition failed, Stamenkovski prevented the agreement]. N1 (in Serbian). Archived from the original on 30 October 2023. Retrieved 30 October 2023.
  12. ^ "Zavetnici potvrdili izlazak u dve kolone, Đurđević Stamenkovski kaže - nema mesta intrigama" [Oathkeepers confirmed the departure in two columns, Đurđević Stamenkovski says - there is no room for intrigue]. N1 (in Serbian). 30 October 2023. Archived from the original on 30 October 2023. Retrieved 30 October 2023.
  13. ^ Radovanović, Vojin (10 November 2023). "Zašto Miloš Ković više nije deo koalicije Dveri i Zavetnika?" [Why is Miloš Ković no longer part of the Dveri and Oathkeepers coalition?]. Danas (in Serbian). Archived from the original on 10 November 2023. Retrieved 10 November 2023.
  14. ^ Radovanović, Vojin (27 October 2023). "Profesor Ratko Ristić kandidat Dveri i Zavetnika za gradonačelnika Beograda" [Professor Ratko Ristić, candidate of Dveri and Oathkeepers for mayor of Belgrade]. Danas (in Serbian). Archived from the original on 27 October 2023. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
  15. ^ "Zavetnici i Dveri potpisali koalicioni sporazum za predstojeće izbore" [Oathkeepers and Dveri signed a coalition agreement for the upcoming elections]. Novinska agencija Beta (in Serbian). 1 November 2023. Archived from the original on 2 November 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
  16. ^ "RIK proglasio listu stranke Zavetnici i pokreta Dveri" [RIK proclaimed the electoral list of party Oathkeepers and movement Dveri]. NOVA portal (in Serbian). 5 November 2023. Archived from the original on 5 November 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  17. ^ "GIK Beograd: Proglašene liste "Srbija protiv nasilja", oko Dveri i Zavetnika i lista koalicije Nada" [Belgrade GIK: Proclaimed electoral lists of "Serbia Against Violence", around Dveri and Oathkeepers and the list of coalition NADA]. N1 (in Serbian). 13 November 2023. Archived from the original on 13 November 2023. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
  18. ^ "PIK: Proglašene još dve liste za pokrajinske izbore, ukupno 11" [PIK: Two more lists for the provincial elections have been announced, a total of 11]. N1 (in Serbian). 27 November 2023. Archived from the original on 28 November 2023. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
  19. ^ "Održana Završna konvencija koalicije okupljene oko liste Nacionalnog okupljanja" [The final convention of the coalition gathered around the list of the National Gathering was held]. Tanjug (in Serbian). 10 December 2023. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
  20. ^ "CeSID i IPSOS obradili 99,8 odsto uzorka: SNS-u 128 mandata, SPN-u 65" [CeSID and IPSOS processed 99.8 percent of the sample: SNS 128 mandates, SPN 65]. N1 (in Serbian). 18 December 2023. Archived from the original on 27 July 2024. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
  21. ^ "IPSOS/CeSID: Preliminarni rezultati beogradskih izbora" [IPSOS/CeSID: Preliminary results of the Belgrade elections]. N1 (in Serbian). 17 December 2023. Archived from the original on 27 July 2024. Retrieved 18 December 2023.
  22. ^ "Pokrajinski izbori: Srpska napredna stranka ubedljiva i u Vojvodini" [Provincial elections: The Serbian Progressive Party is also dominating in Vojvodina]. BBC News (in Serbian). 17 December 2023. Archived from the original on 19 December 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
  23. ^ "Predsednik Dveri podneo ostavku zbog neuspeha na izborima u Srbiji" [President of Dveri resigned due to failure in the elections in Serbia]. Radio Free Europe (in Serbian). 23 December 2023. Retrieved 6 July 2024.
  24. ^ "Ratko Ristić pristupio Nestorovićevom pokretu" [Ratko Ristić joined Nestorović's movement]. NOVA portal (in Serbian). 28 March 2024. Archived from the original on 6 July 2024. Retrieved 6 July 2024.
  25. ^ "Prestala da postoji koalicija Nacionalno okupljanje - Dveri i Zavetnici od sada samostalno" [The National Gathering coalition does not exist anymore - Dveri and Oathkeepers to go independently from now on]. N1 (in Serbian). 3 January 2024. Archived from the original on 5 January 2024. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
  26. ^ Đorđević, Filip; Čolić, Nedeljko (6 February 2024). "Milica Zavetnica, Savetnica ili Ministarka: Šta stoji iza glasova o ulasku u naprednjačku vlast" [Milica Zavetnica, Counselor or Minister: What is behind the votes to join the Progressive government]. NIN (in Serbian). Archived from the original on 6 July 2024. Retrieved 6 July 2024.
  27. ^ "Đurđević Stamenkovski: Razgovaramo o mogućem ulasku u Vučićev Pokret za narod i državu" [Đurđević Stamenkovski: We are discussing possible entry into Vučić's Movement for the People and the State]. N1 (in Serbian). 17 February 2024. Archived from the original on 17 February 2024. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
  28. ^ Mitić, Ljubiša (13 March 2024). "Zavetnici i zvanično postali deo vladajuće većine u Prokuplju" [Oathkeepers officially became part of the ruling majority in Prokuplje]. Južne vesti (in Serbian). Archived from the original on 13 March 2024. Retrieved 14 March 2024.
  29. ^ Filipov, Ljubomir (12 February 2024). ""Ujedinimo Pirot" više nije ujedinjen: Zavetnici deo vlasti, POKS nije" ["United Pirot" is no longer united: Oathkeepers now in the government, while POKS is not]. Južne vesti (in Serbian). Archived from the original on 14 March 2024. Retrieved 14 March 2024.
  30. ^ "Brnabić o saradnji sa Zavetnicima: Najšira moguća koalicija za Beograd" [Brnabić on cooperation with Oathkeepers: The broadest possible coalition for Belgrade]. N1 (in Serbian). 1 April 2024. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
  31. ^ "Koalicija: Aleksandar Vučić - Beograd sutra" [Coalition: Aleksandar Vučić - Belgrade Tomorrow] (PDF). City of Belgrade (in Serbian). May 2024. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 April 2024. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
  32. ^ "Odluka o utvrđivanju preliminarnih rezultata izbora za odbornike Skupštine Grada Beograda, održanih 2. juna 2024. godine" [Decision on determining the preliminary results of the elections for councilors of the City of Belgrade Assembly, held on 2 June 2024] (PDF). City of Belgrade (in Serbian). 3 June 2024. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 June 2024. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
  33. ^ "Ristić (Mi snaga naroda): Beograd na vodi izraz novog socijalnog primitivizma" [Ristić (We The Power of the People): Belgrade is an expression of the new social primitivism]. Danas (in Serbian). 24 June 2024. Archived from the original on 6 July 2024. Retrieved 6 July 2024.
  34. ^ "Izglasana nova Vlada Srbije" [New government of Serbia has been elected]. Radio Free Europe (in Serbian). 2 May 2024. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
  35. ^ Eror, Aleks (5 June 2022). "The Far-Right Parties Keeping The Serbian President In Check Over Ukraine". Radio Free Europe. Archived from the original on 7 December 2023. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
  36. ^ "Weekly Campaign Overview: Ruling parties and pro-EU opposition focus on domestic issues in a low-key campaign". European Western Balkans. 19 November 2023. Archived from the original on 19 November 2023. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  37. ^ Popović, Sofija (24 November 2023). "Srebrenica genocide: Government's tool for discrediting opposition in Serbian elections". European Western Balkans. Archived from the original on 24 November 2023. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
  38. ^ Esteso Pérez, Alejandro (15 December 2023). "Portraying Kosovo in Serbia's election campaign". Balkans in Europe Policy Advisory Group. Archived from the original on 16 December 2023. Retrieved 16 December 2023.
  39. ^ "Dveri: Nacionalno okupljanje opcija za sve koji žele smenu Vučića ali ne i povratak bivšeg režima" [Dveri: National gathering of options for all those who want the removal of Vučić but not the return of the former regime]. Novinska agencija Beta (in Serbian). 20 October 2023. Archived from the original on 27 July 2024. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
  40. ^ Radovanović, Vojin (20 October 2023). "Zaboravite Vučića i Đilasa: Dveri i Zavetnici poručuju da neće da budu "štaka" proevropske opozicije za dolazak na vlast" [Forget Vučić and Đilas: Dveri and Oathkeepers say that they will not be a "crutch" of the pro-European opposition to come to power]. Danas (in Serbian). Archived from the original on 22 October 2023. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
  41. ^ "Dveri i Zavetnici formirali srpski državotvorni blok" [Dveri and Oathkeepers form the Serbian State-Building Bloc]. Novinska agencija Beta (in Serbian). 4 October 2023. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
  42. ^ "Predizborna saradnja Dveri i Zavetnika: Pozvali na "nacionalno okupljanje"" [Pre-election cooperation between Dveri and Oathkeepers: They called for "national gathering"]. N1 (in Serbian). 4 October 2023. Archived from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
  43. ^ "Konvencija predizborne saradnje srpskog pokreta Dveri i stranke Zavetnici" [Convention of pre-election cooperation between the Serbian Movement Dveri and Party Oathkeepers]. Radio Television of Kragujevac (in Serbian). 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 14 October 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
  44. ^ "Obradović: Valjevo ima ogromne potencijale, a plate niže za 20.000 dinara od republičkog proseka" [Obradović: Valjevo has enormous potential, and salaries are 20,000 dinars lower than the national average]. Novinska agencija Beta (in Serbian). 8 October 2023. Archived from the original on 13 October 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
  45. ^ "Obradović: Formiranje patriotskog i državotvornog bloka je početak nove ere srpske politike" [Obradović: The formation of the patriotic and state-building bloc marks the beginning of a new era of Serbian politics]. Danas (in Serbian). 8 October 2023. Archived from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
  46. ^ "Zavetnici i Dveri potpisali koalicioni sporazum - zajednički nastupaju na izborima" [Oathkeepers and Dveri signed a coalition agreement - they participate in the elections together]. N1 (in Serbian). 1 November 2023. Archived from the original on 2 November 2023. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
  47. ^ "Boško Obradović: Povećati podsticaje za domaće privrednike i poljoprivrednike" [Boško Obradović: Increase incentives for domestic businessmen and farmers]. Radio Television of Vojvodina (in Serbian). 7 November 2023. Archived from the original on 7 November 2023. Retrieved 7 November 2023.
  48. ^ Čolić, Leposava (7 November 2023). "Podrška Kine Srbiji" [China's support to Serbia]. FoNet portal (in Serbian). Archived from the original on 8 November 2023. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
  49. ^ "Đurđević Stamenkovski: Evropska unija ima alternativu, a to je BRIKS" [Đurđević Stamenkovski: The European Union has an alternative, and that is BRICS]. N1 (in Serbian). 14 November 2023. Archived from the original on 15 November 2023. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
  50. ^ "Koalicija "Nacionalno okupljanje" predala listu za beogradske izbore" [The "National Gathering" coalition submitted its list for the Belgrade elections]. N1 (in Serbian). 12 November 2023. Archived from the original on 12 November 2023. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
  51. ^ "Đurđević Stamenkovski: Mi želimo Evropu u kojoj će Srbija imati svoje mesto" [Đurđević Stamenkovski: We want a Europe in which Serbia will have its place]. Tanjug (in Serbian). 17 November 2023. Retrieved 17 November 2023.
  52. ^ "Dveri i Ravnogorski pokret potpisali Sporazum o saradnji: "Plod višegodišnje uzajamne podrške"" [Dveri and the Ravna Gora movement signed a cooperation agreement: "The fruit of many years of mutual support"]. N1 (in Serbian). 20 November 2023. Archived from the original on 20 November 2023. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  53. ^ Radovanović, Vojin (24 November 2023). "Boško Obradović predstavio novu podršku "Nacionalnom okupljanju": Među njima Mladen Obradović i borci protiv obavezne vakcinacije" [Boško Obradović presented new support for the "National Gathering": Among them Mladen Obradović and fighters against mandatory vaccination]. Danas (in Serbian). Archived from the original on 24 November 2023. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
  54. ^ "Nacionalno okupljanje i evropske suvernističke stranke za formiranje saveza zbog migrantske krize" [National Gathering and European sovereignist parties to form an alliance due to the migrant crisis]. Novinska agencija Beta (in Serbian). 9 December 2023. Archived from the original on 9 December 2023. Retrieved 9 December 2023.
  55. ^ "Boško Obradović i Milica Đurđević Stamenkovski razgovarali sa Marijom Zaharovom" [Boško Obradović and Milica Đurđević Stamenkovski talked with Maria Zakharova]. Danas (in Serbian). 1 December 2023. Archived from the original on 1 December 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  56. ^ "Poslaničke grupe" [Parliamentary groups]. National Assembly of Serbia (in Serbian). Archived from the original on 6 July 2024. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
  57. ^ "Spisak odbornika Skupštine Grada Beograda" [List of councillors of the City Assembly of Belgrade] (PDF). City of Belgrade. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 July 2024. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
  58. ^ Mankoff, Jeffrey (7 July 2017). "How to Fix the Western Balkans". Foreign Affairs. ISSN 0015-7120. Archived from the original on 26 April 2023. Retrieved 12 July 2023. such as the Serbian ultranationalist group Zavetnici
  59. ^ Imamović, Mirza (4 March 2022). "The Radical Right in the Post-fascist Era". Društvene i humanističke studije. 7 (1(18)): 34. doi:10.51558/2490-3647.2022.7.1.15. ISSN 2490-3647. S2CID 247537622. Ekstremno desničarske grupacije se u posljednje vrijeme transformišu u političke partije i na tom putu nemaju prepreke. Primjeri za to jesu političke stranke Srpska desnica, osnovana početkom 2018. godine, i Zavetnici. [Far-right groups have recently been transforming themselves into political parties and they have no obstacles on their way. Examples of this are the political parties Serbian Right, founded at the beginning of 2018, and Oathkeepers.]
  60. ^ Ekerstedt, Malin (2014). Patriotism and Patriarchy – The impact of nationalism on gender equality. Sweden: Kvinna till Kvinna Foundation. p. 13.
  61. ^ Jureković, Predrag (2016). Violent extremism in the western Balkans. Filip Ejdus, Landesverteidigungsakademie. Vienna: National Defence Academy. p. 115. ISBN 978-3-902944-99-3. OCLC 1066091374. Archived from the original on 27 July 2024. Retrieved 6 July 2024.
  62. ^ Kovačević, Miladin (2024). Izbori za narodne poslanike Narodne skupštine Republike Srbije (PDF) (in Serbian). Belgrade: Republički zavod za statistiku. pp. 8–9. ISBN 978-86-6161-252-7. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 March 2024. Retrieved 22 June 2024.
  63. ^ "Izveštaj o sprovedenim izborima za poslanike Skupštine Autonomne pokrajine Vojvodine održanim 17. i 30. decembra 2023. godine" [Report on the conducted elections for deputies to the Assembly of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina held on December 17 and 30, 2023] (PDF). Provincial Electoral Commission (in Serbian). 30 January 2024. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 February 2024. Retrieved 15 February 2024.
  64. ^ "Izveštaj o rezultatima izbora za odbornike Skupštine Grada Beograda" [Report on the results of the elections for councillors of the City of Belgrade Assembly] (PDF). City of Belgrade. 3 January 2024. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 April 2024. Retrieved 16 March 2024.
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