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Postal addresses in the Republic of Ireland

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Postcard sent from the United States to a home in Ireland. No addressee name, street address, or town was provided but the card was correctly delivered days later because each Irish address has a unique Eircode

A postal address in Ireland is a place of delivery defined by Irish Standard (IS) EN 14142-1:2011 ("Postal services. Address databases") and serviced by the universal service provider, An Post. Its addressing guides comply with the guidelines of the Universal Postal Union (UPU), the United Nations-affiliated body responsible for promoting standards in the postal industry, across the world.[1]

In Ireland, 35% of premises (over 600,000) have non-unique addresses due to an absence of house numbers or names.[2] Before the introduction of a national postcode system (Eircode) in 2015, this required postal workers to remember which family names corresponded to which house in smaller towns, and many townlands.[citation needed] As of 2021, An Post encourages customers to use Eircode because it ensures that their post person can pinpoint the exact location.[3]

Ireland was the last country in the OECD to create a postcode system. In July 2015 all 2.2 million residential and business addresses in Ireland received a letter notifying them of the new Eircode for their address.[4] Unlike other countries, where postcodes define clusters or groups of addresses, an Eircode identifies an individual address and shows exactly where it is located. The system was criticised at its launch.[5]

Responsibility for the current postal delivery system rests with An Post, a semi-state body; however, the Department of Communications, Energy and Natural Resources (DCENR) retains the right to regulate addresses if they wish so.

General Post Office, Dublin Eircode: D01 F5P2

Pre-Eircode postal districts

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Dublin

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Post-1961 Dublin street sign displaying the street name in Irish and English, with postal district number
Main article: List of Dublin postal districts

In Dublin city and its suburbs, a system of postal districts was introduced in 1917 by the Royal Mail with the prefix "D", and retained after Ireland became an independent country, without the prefix. However the use of district numbers by the public did not begin until 1961,[6] when street signs displayed postal district numbers. Prior to that time, street signs only displayed the street name in Irish and English.

The Dublin system had 22 districts – Dublin 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 6W, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 20, 22, 24. These were incorporated into the routing keys used by the Eircode national postcode system as D01, D02, D12, D22, etc.

Cork

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Caroline St is in Cork 1;
Clanrickarde Estate is in Cork 2.

The city of Cork had four numbered postal districts, but these were used internally by An Post and rarely on mail.[7] Cork 1 covered the city centre and large parts of the surrounding city, so, for example, the "Patrick Street" (Sráid Phádraig) sign displays the digit '1'. Cork 2, administered from the Ballinlough sorting office, covered the south-east, Cork 3 (from Gurranabraher) covered the north-west while Cork 4 (from Togher sorting office) covered the south-west. The numbers are not used in the Eircode system,[7] with routing keys in the Cork area instead beginning with the letter 'T'.[4]

Eircode

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Sign at vacated premises in Cork, giving Eircode of former occupant's new premises

The launch of a national postcode system (Eircode, Irish: éirchód[8]) in Ireland began on 28 April 2014.[9] The system incorporates the existing numbered Dublin postal districts as part of the routing key.[10][11] Eircode made Ireland the first country in the world to have a unique postcode for each address.[12]

The codes, known as Eircodes, consist of seven characters. The first three characters, called the Routing Key, are designed to benefit the postal and logistics industry and contain on average 15,000 addresses each. The Routing Key is used to help sort mail, it is the principal post town of the address as defined by An Post. The second part of the Eircode, called the Unique Identifier, consists of four characters drawn from a set of randomised letters and numbers that identify each individual address. They are stored in a central database, Eircode Address Database (ECAD), along with other useful geographic information including addresses, variants/aliases, and geo-coordinates of each address point.[13] Sample product data and pricing details were issued to businesses in March 2015. The ECAD is now available to license by end-users and value-added resellers called Eircode Providers[14]

An example of a typical Irish address is that of the Lord Mayor of Dublin:[15] The Eircode is added on as an extra line to the existing address and postal district code which remains unchanged.[16] 

Dublin City Council
Lord Mayor's Office
Mansion House
Dawson Street
Dublin 2
D02 AF30

Unlike other postcode systems, Eircode is not used for PO Box addresses.[17]

Background

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An Post did not introduce automated sorting machines until the 1990s. By then, the optical character recognition (OCR) systems were advanced enough to read whole addresses, as opposed to just postcodes, thereby allowing An Post to skip a generation. Consequently, mail to addresses in the rest of the state did not require any digits after the address.

While An Post stated that the addressing system and sorting technologies make postcodes for mail delivery unnecessary, it was suggested that other services (such as advertising mail providers) would benefit from a national system.[18][19] After considerable delays, it was announced on 8 October 2013 that codes would be introduced by early 2015.[20] A ten-year contract to introduce and implement the postcode system was awarded to Capita Business Support Services Ireland in January 2014 with support from BearingPoint and Autoaddress.[21][22]

Introduction of a national system

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In 2005 it became the policy of the government of Ireland to introduce a national scheme of postcodes. In May 2005, Noel Dempsey, Minister for Communications, Marine and Natural Resources, announced that postcodes would be introduced by 1 January 2008,[23] His successor as minister, Eamon Ryan, announced in August 2007 that he was delaying the project pending additional consultation and investigation into the need.[24] On 24 February 2008, The Sunday Times reported that Ryan was finalising the system and hoped to bring the plans to cabinet before the summer of 2008, for introduction in 2009.[25]

An Post was quoted as saying "it would be at the heart of the introduction"[25] and the report of PA Consultants indicated that An Post should be paid over €27 million for its involvement.[26]

Following further delays, in September 2009 the cabinet agreed to go ahead with the project. It was to be put out to tender with the end of 2011 given as the date by which postcodes should be assigned.[27] In January 2010 Minister Ryan stated in the Dáil that the exact nature of the code would not be decided until the implementation tender process had been completed but that a Location Code with GPS coordinates should be part of the system implemented.[28] On 29 January 2010, a tender was issued to select consultants to assist the Minister for Communications in deciding on the way forward.[29]

The project was again delayed, but in December 2010 the government agreed to seek tenders for procurement of national postcodes, with an estimated cost of €15 million, with the contract to be awarded in the summer of 2011, with the codes introduced by the end of that year.[30]

On 29 June 2013, The Irish Times reported that the Minister for Communications, Energy and Natural Resources, Pat Rabbitte, was to bring details to the cabinet meeting of 2 July. According to the report, a postcode operator was to be appointed by September 2013 and every householder and business was to be issued a code by July 2014.[20] Following a cabinet meeting on 8 October 2013, Rabbitte announced that a unique seven-character code would be assigned to every postal delivery point ("letterbox") in the state. A consortium led by Capita Ireland was awarded the tender to develop, implement and operate the system, costing €27 million.[11]

Language concerns

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Conradh na Gaeilge, an organisation advocating use of the Irish language, expressed concern over postcodes or postal abbreviations being based solely on English language place names, for example D for Dublin (Baile Átha Cliath in Irish) or WX for Wexford (Loch Garman in Irish) as is the case with vehicle registration plates. It had advocated that postcodes should either consist solely of numbers, as in many other bilingual or multilingual countries, or be based on Irish language names instead.[31] These concerns were addressed upon the introduction of Eircode. Apart from routing keys corresponding to the previous Dublin postal districts, the initial letters of Eircode routing keys bear no relation to either the English language or Irish language place names within these areas. However, they do incorporate the letters K, V, W, X, Y which are not used in Irish orthography except in a small number of loanwords.[4][32]

Preparation for a postcode

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In the light of the liberalisation of postal services and the end of An Post's monopoly, ComReg, the Communications Regulator in Ireland, began considering the introduction of postcodes. A Postcode Working Group met in early 2005 and produced a report[33] recommending the implementation of a postcode system.

On 23 May 2005, the Minister for Communications, Marine and Natural Resources, Noel Dempsey, in a government press release[34] announced that postcodes would be introduced in Ireland by 1 January 2008. In November 2005, the National Statistics Board issued a report welcoming the decision[35] and making recommendations as to its implementation. They supported a point-based postcode system that used grid reference/GPS technology to provide a relatively clear-cut, low cost approach to allocating a postcode to an address. This avoids trying to group households together into small area clusters. It was later announced that the postcodes would include the one- or two-character county codes currently used in vehicle registration plates, making them alphanumeric,[36] with the existing Dublin system retained.[37]

In June 2007, a brief[38] to the new Minister for Communications, Eamon Ryan, stated that a memo was submitted by the Department of Communications to the Irish Government in May 2007 seeking approval for the implementation of the postcode system. It also stated that the decision arising from this submission was that the Minister would revert to Government following further analysis to quantify the benefits, which would then be followed by a public consultation process. In August 2007, the Minister[39] reportedly postponed the implementation of the system "indefinitely" pending additional public consultation.

On 18 October 2007 Eamon Ryan announced at ComReg's "Postal Services in the 21st Century" conference that "[Post] codes should be introduced as a matter of priority". The introduction was stated to be subject to cabinet approval.[40] On 25 February 2008 the Irish Independent reported that the proposals were being presented to the Cabinet with a view to full national implementation before summer 2008. It stated that Eamon Ryan was finalising the proposals, which include a 6 character format postcode, giving a sample of D04 123 where D04 corresponded to the current Dublin 4 postal region and 123 was a specific group of buildings.[41] similar to British and Dutch postcodes, which cover groups of buildings, rather than simply suburbs or towns.

On 7 December 2008, the Sunday Business Post reported results of an independent report by PA Consulting for the department indicating that benefits of up to €22m could be achieved for public bodies through the introduction of a postcode. The PA report indicated that postcodes had greater uses beyond the delivery of mail or simple navigation services, citing the "need for efficient database based on postcodes reducing inefficient service delivery and infrastructural planning". It said that Postcodes are considered critical for "efficient spatial planning and aiding health research, education, housing social care and employment integration". Increased efficiencies for businesses would emerge; in particular, the insurance sector stated that "it would result in annual savings of around €40 million by improving their risk management assessments."[42]

The article concluded saying that annual maintenance costs for a postcode management licence holder which would include maintaining the necessary database of buildings are estimated "at about €2.5 million" but the minister was reported as saying that "ongoing costs would be covered by income generated by the eventual licence holder".[42]

In September 2009, Minister Ryan said that an alphanumeric system would be introduced in 2011 at a fraction of the previous estimate of €50 million.[43] This was reiterated a month later in a Seanad debate,[44] in spite of claims to the contrary by the Communication Workers Union.[45] Liz McManus, opposition spokeswoman for communications in the Labour Party, called for the plan to be revoked due to job losses in An Post, the projected costs and fears of junk mail.[46]

In January 2010, Simon Coveney challenged Ryan in the Dáil on the apparent rejection of a GPS-based postcode system and argued that a system that pinpointed 20–50 houses would be only a slight improvement. Ryan disputed Coveney's remarks, saying that he fully supported a postcode system that had geo-coordinates at its centre, and that the system chosen would depend on the tenders received.[47]

The tender process to select consultants was announced on 1 February 2010, with a view to having the postcode system operational by the end of 2011.[48]

In April 2010, the Oireachtas committee on Communications, Energy and Natural Resources published a report criticising some of the proposals listed above, recommending instead that any postcode implemented must be capable of supporting "developing technologies such as internet mapping, google maps and iPhones", applying a unique identifier to each property. It suggests that the previously mentioned D04 123 model would not satisfy this requirement and may, in fact, make matters worse.[49][50][51]

On 15 April 2010 the tendering process to select a consultant to advise the Minister on the implementation of a postcode was cancelled,[52] due to a serious but unspecified technical error in the tendering documents.[53]

Legislation

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Legislation to "provide for the establishment, operation and maintenance of a system of postcodes" – the Communications Regulation (Postal Services) Bill 2010 – was introduced in November 2010.[54] The bill was enacted in August of the following year, with Part 3 of the act dealing with the establishment of a National Postcode System.[55] Postcodes are defined in the legislation as "a code consisting of numbers or other characters or both numbers and other characters that identifies the locality of an address and, where appropriate, the geographic location of an address".[56] The Minister for Communications, Energy and Natural Resources is empowered to award a contract for "the development, implementation and maintenance of a system... for the allocation, dissemination and management of postcodes for the purposes of, or relating to, the provision of postal services and the use of the national postcode system by other persons for such other purposes as the Minister considers appropriate".[57]

On 29 June 2013 The Irish Times reported that the Minister for Communications, Energy and Natural Resources, Pat Rabbitte, was to bring details to the cabinet meeting of 2 July. According to the report, a postcode operator was to be appointed by September 2013 and every householder and business was to be issued a code by July 2014.[20] Following a cabinet meeting on 8 October 2013 Rabbitte announced that a unique seven-digit would be assigned to every post-box in the state. A consortium led by Capita Ireland had been awarded the tender to develop, implement and operate the system, at a cost of €27 million over a ten-year period.[11] On the Eircode launch day in July 2015, householders and businesses were able to look them up online in advance of receiving a posted notification. The Eircode website received over 1.5 million hits in the first 48 hours.[citation needed]

Each code consists of seven letters and/or digits, with a space after the third character. The first character is always a letter and the second is always a digit. The third character may be either a digit or the letter W, but not any other letter. The remaining four characters may either be letters or digits. The first three characters represent one of 139 geographical district or post-towns. The existing Dublin postal districts form the first three characters (the Routing Key) in the system.[10][11]

List of Eircode routing keys

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Main article: List of Eircode routing areas in Ireland

The following is a list of Eircode routing keys:[58]

Issues

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An Post's position

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An Post had previously claimed that a nationwide public postcode system was unnecessary, stating that it was "a 1960s solution to a 21st century problem",[59] that it would be expensive, and that its existing system was superior.[60] They later became actively involved in implementing the new Eircode system, with their CEO saying they were investing in their four main sorting centres to adopt the new postcode system at a cost of €1m, according to an Irish Times report stating "An Post chief executive Donal Connell said it would work "very closely" with Eircode, the new company set up by Capita to manage the codes, in implementing the national infrastructure. "It will certainly help with the efficiency of our distribution'. Mr Connell said €1 million from An Post’s capital investment fund would be spent to install new software in its four national sorting centres.[61][62][63] Courier services and advertising mail companies complained that the absence of such a system put Ireland at a disadvantage compared with other European countries.[60]

An Post had used a system of three-digit sort codes, similar to the Mailsort system used by Royal Mail in the United Kingdom, for pre-sorting mail in bulk.[64] There were two levels, Presort 152, which had 152 codes for large volumes of mail,[65] and Presort 61, which had 61 codes for smaller volumes.[66]

It corresponded to Dublin postal districts: Dublin 1 is 101, etc., except for Dublin 10 and Dublin 20, both of which had the same code 110, and Dublin 6W, which was 126. Cork had codes for four each of the delivery offices, Ballinlough (901), North City (902), Little Island (903), and South City (903).

Utility issues

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The Eircode system has been criticised for using an unsequenced code limited to postal addresses on the grounds that it undermines the system's utility.[67][68] The cost, procurement methods used, slow rollout and implementation of the system (originally proposed in 2003) were criticised, including in a report by the Comptroller and Auditor General.[69][70]

Usage questions

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A March 2019 survey of homes and businesses commissioned by the Department of Public Expenditure and Reform reported that 30% never quoted the Eircode when giving their address, 32% did so only "occasionally", 22% "frequently", and 12% "always".[71] In contrast, a November 2019 survey for the Department of Communications, Climate Action and Environment claimed "94 per cent of people are using Eircodes",[71] although the last survey data posted by Eircode itself shows usage levels of 74% or less.[72]

GeoDirectory

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Established by An Post and the Ordnance Survey of Ireland, the Geodirectory is a database of every building in the Republic of Ireland.[73] The database contains every postal address, a corresponding geographic address, the electoral division (a grouping of addresses useful for analysis and defining catchment areas of services), a system address reference (not in use by individuals), and the location coordinates. It is available for commercial use and has been used by several commercial companies for various geo-location and data cleansing purposes.[74] It is the source of all addresses in the Eircode ECAD database. It is also used by Google Maps in Ireland to identify and search for building names on mapping.[75] For example, one of the entries in its sample database[76] is Midland Regional Hospital, Portlaoise, building ID 10003105 (at ITM 648555.822, 698833.088).

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Eircode Address Database Product Guide Edition 2 Version 4
  2. ^ Eircodes are on the way to all addresses in Ireland, Department of Communications, Climate Change and Natural Resources
  3. ^ "General FAQ". An Post. 25 December 2021.
  4. ^ a b c "Eircode Q&A: things you need to know about the new system". The Irish Times. 13 July 2015. Retrieved 13 July 2015.
  5. ^ Fitzpatrick, Craig (21 September 2016). "You can now use Eircode to find places on Google Maps". newstalk.com. Retrieved 28 February 2017.
  6. ^ It's in the postcode, The Irish Independent, retrieved 26 September 2009
  7. ^ a b "An Irishman's Diary on Dublin's vanishing postal districts". The Irish Times. Retrieved 27 July 2017.
  8. ^ "éirchód entry in tearma.ie".
  9. ^ Dept of Communications (28 April 2014). "Minister Rabbitte launches Eircode the new location codes for Irish addresses". DCENR. Retrieved 15 July 2015.
  10. ^ a b "Unique postcodes for all households by 2015". RTÉ. 8 October 2013. Retrieved 8 October 2013.
  11. ^ a b c d Quann, Jack (8 October 2013). "Irish postcode system to be in place for 2015". Newstalk. Retrieved 8 October 2013.
  12. ^ "Ireland is just now getting around to introducing postal codes". Quartz. 27 September 2014. Retrieved 24 March 2020.
  13. ^ "Eircode website 25 Aug 2014". Eircode.ie. Retrieved 15 July 2015.
  14. ^ "Directory of Providers". eircode.ie. Archived from the original on 24 October 2016. Retrieved 20 August 2015.
  15. ^ "Customer Services Centre". Dublin City Council. Retrieved 15 July 2015.
  16. ^ What will get an Eircode? Archived 3 May 2016 at the Wayback Machine
  17. ^ Is there an Eircode associated with PO Box numbers? No, Eircodes are not being allocated to PO Box numbers at this time. Archived 24 October 2016 at the Wayback Machine
  18. ^ Laura Noonan (12 March 2006). "Postcode system will increase direct marketing". Sunday Business Post. Retrieved 10 February 2015.
  19. ^ "Our minister for junk mail". The Sunday Times. 27 September 2009. Retrieved 24 October 2009.[dead link‍]
  20. ^ a b c Minihan, Mary (29 June 2013). "Postcode system to be implemented within 18 months". The Irish Times. Retrieved 29 June 2013.
  21. ^ O'Halloran, Marie (28 January 2014). "Rabbitte signs €26.5m national post code deal". The Irish Times. Retrieved 28 January 2014.
  22. ^ John Kennedy (28 April 2014). "It's not a postcode, it's a smart code – Eircodes to go live in spring 2015". SiliconRepublic. Retrieved 15 July 2015.
  23. ^ "Dempsey announces programme to introduce postcodes in Ireland by 1st January 2008". Department of Communications, Energy and Natural Resources. 23 May 2005. Archived from the original on 13 April 2009. Retrieved 3 April 2009.
  24. ^ "Minister to delay postcode system". Breakingnews.ie. 20 August 2007.
  25. ^ a b The Sunday Times (Irish Edition) 24 February 2008 p 3 —Ryan zeroes in on Dublin 4 by Stephen O'Brien
  26. ^ "Building The Case For Postcodes 2008". Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 12 April 2013.
  27. ^ DCENR Press Release 31 Jan 2010 Archived 22 November 2010 at the Wayback Machine
  28. ^ "Dáil Debate Jan 26th 2010". Kildarestreet.com. 26 January 2010. Retrieved 12 April 2013.
  29. ^ "DCENR Tender For Consultant". Department of Communications, Energy and Natural Resources. 2015. Retrieved 15 July 2015.
  30. ^ Harry McGee (4 January 2011). "Postcodes could be introduced across State by year's end". The Irish Times.
  31. ^ Irish postcodes should be Irish-based, says Conradh na Gaeilge Archived 11 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine, Conradh na Gaeilge, 11 November 2008
  32. ^ "FAQs – Eircode – Location Codes for Irish Addresses". Eircode. Retrieved 27 July 2017. The first letter of the Eircode will not be linked to a county or city, (with the exception of Dublin where the Dublin districts codes have been in place for many years) as the Eircode design is not based on county boundaries and is language neutral.
  33. ^ An examination of the issues in relation to the introduction of a postcode in Ireland Archived 30 May 2008 at the Wayback Machine; report of the Postcode Working Group (MS Word doc)
  34. ^ "Dempsey announces programme to introduce postcodes in Ireland by 1st January 2008". Department of Communications, Energy and Natural Resources. 23 May 2005. Archived from the original on 13 April 2009. Retrieved 15 July 2015.
  35. ^ Statistical and Policy Value of Postcodes, National Statistics Board, archived from the original (MS Word) on 14 October 2007
  36. ^ McGee, Harry (14 August 2006). "All addresses to be given postcodes". Irish Examiner. Retrieved 15 July 2015.
  37. ^ Coyle, Colin (10 September 2006). "Upmarket Dublin survives postcode shake-up". The Times. Archived from the original on 11 May 2009. Retrieved 17 April 2010.
  38. ^ Introductory Brief for Mr. Eamonn Ryan T.D. Archived 30 May 2008 at the Wayback Machine (PDF, 3 MB) Department of Communications, Energy and Natural Resources, 15 June 2007
  39. ^ "Minister to delay postcode system". Breakingnews.ie. 20 August 2007. Retrieved 15 July 2015.
  40. ^ Hancock, Ciarán (19 October 2007). "Minister keen to introduce postcodes". The Irish Times. Retrieved 12 February 2008.
  41. ^ Heffernan, Breda (25 February 2008). "An Post signals end of the road for exclusive 'D4'". Irish Independent. Retrieved 26 February 2008.
  42. ^ a b Connolly, Niamh (7 December 2008). "Postcode system could save public bodies €22m". Sunday Business Post. Thomas Crosbie Holdings. Archived from the original on 28 October 2009. Retrieved 21 January 2009.
  43. ^ "National postcodes to be introduced". RTÉ News. 20 September 2009. Retrieved 20 September 2009.
  44. ^ "Seanad Éireann". Retrieved 15 December 2009.
  45. ^ Rogers, Stephen (24 September 2009). "CWU: Postcode plan will be late, won't save money and will damage post office". Irish Examiner. Thomas Crosbie Holdings. Retrieved 15 July 2015.
  46. ^ "McManus warns that postcodes won't deliver" (Press release). Irish Labour Party. 8 December 2009. Archived from the original on 12 June 2011. Retrieved 6 January 2010.
  47. ^ "Priority Questions – Postal codes (Dáil Éireann) – 30th Dáil – Vol. 700 No. 1". Oireachtas. 26 January 2010. Retrieved 6 September 2023.
  48. ^ O'Halloran, Marie (1 February 2010). "Tender process for postal codes launched". The Irish Times. Archived from the original on 19 October 2012. Retrieved 17 April 2010.
  49. ^ Baker, Noel (1 April 2010). "Hi-tech postcode system considered". Irish Examiner. Thomas Crosbie Holdings. Retrieved 17 July 2015.
  50. ^ "Much Remains to be Done if New Postcode System is to be Rolled out Smoothly-Oireachtas Committee Report" (Press release). Houses of the Oireachtas. 31 March 2010. Archived from the original on 7 April 2010. Retrieved 17 April 2010.
  51. ^ "Joint Committee on Communications, Energy and natural Resources – Second Report – The Postcodes Report" (PDF). Houses of the Oireachtas. 31 March 2010. Retrieved 17 April 2010.
  52. ^ "Project Management: Implementation of National Postcodes System". Department of Finance. 15 April 2010. Retrieved 17 April 2010.[dead link‍]
  53. ^ "Postcode rollout delayed again after technical glitch". Irish Independent. 17 April 2010. Retrieved 8 May 2010.
  54. ^ "Communications Regulation (Postal Services) Bill 2010 [Seanad] Number 50 of 2010". Houses of the Oireachtas. Retrieved 25 January 2011.
  55. ^ "Minister Rabbitte announces final step in opening the postal market to full competition". merrionstreet.ie. Irish Government News Service. 2 August 2011. Retrieved 4 September 2011.
  56. ^ "Communications Regulation (Postal Services) Bill 2010: Committee Stage (Resumed) – Seanad Éireann (23rd Seanad) – Wednesday, 8 Dec 2010 – Houses of the Oireachtas".
  57. ^ "Communications Regulation (Postal Services) Act 2011". Irish Statute Book. Attorney General of Ireland. Retrieved 4 September 2011.
  58. ^ "Eircode Routing Keys – all 139 of them". 14 July 2015.
  59. ^ An Post View – Mr Derek Kickham ComReg Symposium on Postcodes 24 November 2003
  60. ^ a b "An Post is against codes plan". RTÉ News. 23 May 2005. Retrieved 17 April 2010.
  61. ^ "McManus attacks plans for new Postcode system". The Irish Times. 5 January 2010. Retrieved 9 January 2010.
  62. ^ Michael, Jason (21 September 2009). "New postal code system by 2011". The Irish Times. Retrieved 10 January 2010.
  63. ^ Flaherty, Rachel (29 April 2014). "New Irish postcodes to be sent to 2.2m households in spring 2015". The Irish Times. Retrieved 15 July 2015.
  64. ^ An Post – Presort Lookup Archived 12 April 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  65. ^ An Post – Presort 152 Archived 19 November 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  66. ^ An Post – Presort 61 Archived 9 July 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  67. ^ Mullally, Una (10 November 2014). "Devil is in the detail of new postcode system". The Irish Times. Retrieved 15 July 2015.
  68. ^ Brian M. Lucey (14 April 2015). "13 things that are wrong with Eircode…". Brian M. Lucey. Retrieved 15 July 2015.
  69. ^ League, Joe (30 September 2015). "C&AG report: Questions over value of €38m Eircode". Irish Examiner. Retrieved 15 November 2015.
  70. ^ "Eircodes….Get Lost !!!". Get Lost Eircodes. 27 July 2014. Retrieved 15 July 2015.
  71. ^ a b Hutton, Brian (17 February 2020). "Eircodes never or rarely used by over 60% of people". The Irish Times. Retrieved 17 February 2020.
  72. ^ "Irish Consumers Embrace Eircode". eircode.ie. 2 May 2019. Retrieved 17 February 2020.
  73. ^ "GeoDirectory". Retrieved 28 July 2012.
  74. ^ "Experts in location address data". GeoDirectory.ie. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
  75. ^ "Google Geo Developers Blog". Retrieved 3 August 2012.
  76. ^ "GeoDirectory Downloads". Retrieved 29 July 2012.
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