Jump to content

Ruptly

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Redfish (website))

Ruptly
Formation4 April 2013; 11 years ago (2013-04-04)
HeadquartersLennéstraße 1
Berlin, Germany
Official language
English
Russian
Spanish
Arabic
OwnerRT[1]
Websiteruptly.tv

Ruptly GmbH is a Russian state-owned[2][3] video news agency specializing in video-on-demand, based in Berlin, Germany. It is a subsidiary[1] of the Russian state-controlled[17] television network RT. Ruptly owns the media channel Redfish and is the major shareholder of the digital content company Maffick.[18][19] Its chief executive is Dinara Toktosunova.[20][2] Upon Russia's invasion of Ukraine, the company faced a staff exodus.[21] In January 2023, Toktosunova was sanctioned by Ukraine.[22]

History

[edit]

Ruptly joined the German Commercial Register as a Berlin-based GmbH in July 2012,[23] before officially launching operations on 4 April 2013.[24] It is a subsidiary[1] of the Russian state-controlled[17] TV network RT, and operates as a German commercial entity. ANO TV Novosti, an organization that is primarily funded by a Russian government grant, oversees the broadcasts of RT.[25]

In February 2021, it signed a deal with Chinese state-owned CCTV+ to open up access to China news coverage.[26] In May 2021, it won a Shorty Award for Best Live Event Coverage, for its footage from the impact and aftermath of the 2020 Beirut port blast.[27][non-primary source needed]

Ruptly employees, including multiple staff members in senior positions, resigned in response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, after the Russian government restricted news outlets from describing the military offensive as an invasion.[2][28]

Notable videos

[edit]

In October 2017, a Ruptly-produced viral video about an American restaurant creating a special burger to celebrate Vladimir Putin's birthday turned out to be fabricated.[29] Ruptly removed the video from its YouTube channel and stated that its employees and not the restaurant were involved in the creation of the video, "which, unfortunately, compromised the reliability of the video. We are grateful to our audience for drawing attention to the discrepancy in our story".[30][31]

On 27 November 2018, Polygraph.info alleged that Ruptly published a misleadingly edited video of an altercation between Ukrainian and Russian ships during the Kerch Strait incident in which a Ukrainian tugboat was rammed by a Russian Coast Guard vessel. Polygraph later updated the story to advise that Ruptly had contacted it to say Ruptly "acquired and published without editing" a short version of the ramming video which it had received on 25 November 2018 and that it published the full version, "as soon as" it was able to obtain it. Polygraph confirmed that Ruptly did publish the full version of the video on 26 November but that the full version was published by other Russian media on 25 November. In its update, Polygraph stated that it had "no means to independently confirm that Ruptly.tv did not edit the first, shorter version, of the video".[32]

In April 2019, Ruptly provided exclusive video coverage of Julian Assange being forcibly removed from the Embassy of Ecuador, London. Ruptly obtained the footage by videoing the embassy using a crew of five working in shifts 24 hours per day for the week leading up to Assange's arrest. Ruptly's twitter video of the arrest achieved 1.7 million views within a day.[10][33]

During 2018 and 2019, Ruptly provided live coverage from France of the yellow vest protests.[34][35][36][37]

In August 2020, The New York Times reported that a Ruptly video of Black Lives Matter protesters apparently burning a bible in Portland, Oregon, edited in a misleading way, "went viral" after it being shared with an inaccurate caption on social media by far-right personality Ian Miles Cheong and then conservative politicians. The Times said the clip "appear[ed] to be one of the first viral Russian disinformation hits of the 2020 presidential campaign”.[38][39][40][41] An NBC report in the wake of this incident found that Ruptly edited user-generated protest videos to highlight violence over peaceful protest.[41]

Ruptly's most popular video on social media in 2020 was exclusive footage of the 2020 Beirut explosion. The video, which was taken during a wedding, had 4.9 million viewers on YouTube.[42]

Organization

[edit]

Ruptly has a team of 80 journalists from 42 countries at its Berlin newsroom, and has offices in Moscow and Beijing. Along with its full time video journalists, it employs freelance video journalists, or stringers, to capture on-demand content at the scene of events.[43] Ruptly takes user-generated content (UGC) via social media and its Ruptly Stringer app.[43]

During the economic crisis in December 2008, the Russian government included ANO TV-Novosti on its list of core organizations of strategic importance of Russia.[44][45][46] Ruptly has stated it was founded by ANO TV-Novosti "to act as an independent, commercially-funded organisation under German law", that its editorial and operational decisions are "completely independent" and the claim it is run by the Russian government is "factually false".[47]

Ruptly's organization also includes the Berlin-based subsidiary Redfish.[18][48] According to the Alliance For Securing Democracy and UK journalist Paul Mason, Redfish is aimed at the political left and African Americans.[49][50]

Until it closed in 2021,[51] Maffick GmbH was also based in Berlin and registered to the same address as Ruptly, according to the Alliance for Securing Democracy, with the same address shared by Redfish.[52]

Maffick had been founded by ex-RT journalist Anissa Naouai. In February 2019, Maffick's Facebook page began to mention its connection to RT and Ruptly.[53] Maffick denied any connection to Ruptly and in July 2020 filed a lawsuit against Facebook after the website labelled its pages as "Russia state-controlled media", which Maffick claim is a "false notice".[54]

Assessment

[edit]

Ruptly is one of several Russian media organizations that has been accused by the US government and others of attempting to influence elections through social media.[55] These sources say that Ruptly targets a younger left-leaning demographic through its video promotion on social media.[41] NBC has reported that Ruptly is a platform for sophisticated English-language video and text content that experts say is edited and curated to exacerbate American political tensions, with a particular focus being younger viewers and the political left.[41]

Other sources, such as The New York Times and Paul Mason, have accused Ruptly of pandering to far-right extremists.[56][50]

According to a 2014 opinion article by four staff editors for the German news publication Spiegel Online, "With the help of news services like RT and Ruptly, the Kremlin is seeking to reshape the way the world thinks about Russia. And it has been highly successful: Vladimir Putin has won the propaganda war over Ukraine and the West is divided." The writers stated that only the BBC had more clips viewed on YouTube.[57]

In 2014, British vlogger Graham Phillips was banned from Ukraine.[58][59] In 2015, StopFake published an article in which it said Phillips had worked for Ruptly among other Russian state platforms to produce Pro-Kremlin propaganda and had links to the Russian FSB intelligence agency.[60]

In 2019, Ruptly was criticised by browser extension NewsGuard:

Although Ruptly has published straightforward content from around the world, its videos and headlines of topics of interest to the Kremlin have repeatedly featured false or misleading statements from Russian government officials, including denials that Syria was behind chemical weapons attacks of its own citizens. Although the footage accurately quotes Russian authorities, NewsGuard has determined that Ruptly, as a government run outlet publishing the government’s false claims, has repeatedly published false content and does not gather and present information responsibly.

Ruptly responded that "As a video news agency providing content to journalists, our role is to present raw footage that our clients ensure their journalists edit and use responsibly." Ruptly said the claim it was run by the Russian government was "factually false": "Ruptly was founded by ANO TV Novosti to act as an independent, commercially-funded organisation under German law, and sister agency to RT. It has commercial relations with all its clients including RT." It noted that videos on its platform contain criticism of the Kremlin, including anti-Putin demonstrations in Russia and around the world, protests outside the Russian embassy in Berlin and global demonstrations in support of opposition activist leader Alexei Navalny.[47]

Statistics from Tubular Labs show Ruptly was the most-watched news agency on YouTube in 2020, topping Yonhap, Associated Press, Reuters, Xinhua and AFP.[42]

Awards and nominations

[edit]
Organization Year Category/award Project/service Result Ref.
Webby Awards 2020 Best Data Visualisation Dyatlov Group's Journal Honoree [61]
AIB Awards 2020 News Agency of the Year Shortlisted

[62][better source needed]

White Square Awards[1] 2020 Interactive Brand Content Dyatlov Group's Journal Gold [63]
Shorty Awards 2020 Best Multiplatform Campaign Dyatlov Group's Journal Won [64]
Shorty Awards 2020 Best Use of Storytelling Dyatlov Group's Journal Won [65]
Shorty Awards 2019 Best Live News Coverage Yellow Vests live streams Won [66]
Digiday Awards Europe 2019 Best Use of Live Ruptly Live Won [67]
Digiday Awards Europe 2019 Video Team of the Year Finalist [68]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]
  2. ^ a b c Escritt, Thomas (28 February 2022). "Exclusive: Russian news agency in Berlin faces staff exodus over Ukraine invasion". Reuters. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
  3. ^ Mackey, Robert (27 April 2018). "Russia Brings Syrians to The Hague to Make Underwhelming Case Chemical Attack Was Fake". The Intercept. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
  4. ^ Sloss, David L. (12 April 2022). Tyrants on Twitter: Protecting Democracies from Information Warfare. Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-1-5036-3115-1. Retrieved 3 March 2022 – via Google Books. Ruptly, a subsidiary of RT that specializes in video, has 230,000 likes on Facebook, 52,000 Twitter followers, and 304,000 YouTube subscribers in the UK.
  5. ^ Chobanyan, Karina (2020). Vartanova, Elena; Gladkova, Anna (eds.). "Up for a challenge? Digital practices of 24-hour news channels" (PDF). World of Media (3). Moscow State University: 50. ISSN 2686-8016. Retrieved 3 March 2022. RT, which owns Ruptly news agency, likes to post its raw footage of world events.
  6. ^ Cohen, Howard (May 2018). "Tech Tock...: Time is Running Out to Find Solutions to Mis- and Disinformation and Privacy Problems". Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs. Harvard University: Harvard Kennedy School: 17–18. Retrieved 3 March 2022. Ruptly is a news agency created by Russian funded news channel RT in 2013 to rival Reuters and AP. [...] Finally, it is very transparent about following the same agenda as RT: "Ruptly builds on and extends the core strengths and values of our parent company RT."
  7. ^ "Russia Uses State Television to Sway Opinion at Home and Abroad". Der Spiegel. 30 May 2014. Retrieved 22 March 2021. Moscow is looking beyond the short-term, seeking to influence opinion in the long-run to create "an alternative discourse in Western countries as well," says Margarita Simonyan, editor in chief of Kremlin foreign broadcaster RT, formerly known as Russia Today, which owns Ruptly.
  8. ^ "В Минске задержаны двое стрингеров видеоагентства Ruptly" [Two stringers of video agency Ruptly detained in Minsk]. Interfax (in Russian). 9 August 2020. Retrieved 22 March 2021. Двух стрингеров видеоагентства Ruptly задержали в Минске, сообщил владелец сервиса, телеканал RT. [Two stringers of the Ruptly video agency were detained in Minsk, the owner of the service, RT TV channel, said.]
  9. ^ Zara, Christopher (11 April 2019). "What is Ruptly? Julian Assange arrest video footage raises eyebrows about RT-owned outlet". Fast Company. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
  10. ^ a b "RT's video agency Ruptly beats UK media to Julian Assange footage". Press Gazette. 11 April 2019. Retrieved 21 October 2020.
  11. ^ Aro, Jessikka (6 March 2021). "Emilia Seikkanen Worked in a Trendy Video Start-Up in Berlin – Tells All about the Kremlin's Global Information Operation". Yle. Retrieved 2 March 2022. The company left out the essential information in its job vacancy advertisements: Ruptly is the subsidiary of the Russian state-funded media company RT, formerly Russia Today. It's located in the same office as RT's German media branch, named RT Deutsch.
  12. ^ Harris, Shane; Nakashima, Ellen (21 August 2020). "With a mix of covert disinformation and blatant propaganda, foreign adversaries bear down on final phase of presidential campaign". The Washington Post. Retrieved 3 March 2022.
  13. ^ Birnbaum, Emily (25 February 2019). "Facebook restores previously suspended Russia-linked pages". The Hill. Retrieved 3 March 2022.
  14. ^ Golovchenko, Yevgeniy; Hartmann, Mareike; Adler-Nissen, Rebecca (1 September 2018). "State, media and civil society in the information warfare over Ukraine: citizen curators of digital disinformation". International Affairs. 94 (5). Oxford University Press: 975–994. doi:10.1093/ia/iiy148. ISSN 0020-5850. Retrieved 20 March 2021. Particularly in the wake of the crisis in Ukraine that erupted in 2013–2014, the Kremlin has been accused of orchestrating disinformation campaigns against the Ukrainian government and western countries by using online trolls and state-controlled online outlets such as RT (formerly known as Russia Today), Sputnik and Life News.
  15. ^ Hellman, Maria; Wagnsson, Charlotte (3 April 2017). "How can European states respond to Russian information warfare? An analytical framework" (PDF). European Security. 26 (2). Taylor & Francis: 153–170. doi:10.1080/09662839.2017.1294162. S2CID 157635419. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 April 2021. Retrieved 20 March 2021 – via Charles University. Use of state-controlled media such as RT (previously known as Russia Today) to spread the Russian narrative or contest the opponent's narrative is an important part of Russian information warfare.
  16. ^ Al-Rawi, Ahmed (12 February 2021). "How did Russian and Iranian trolls' disinformation toward Canadian issues diverge and converge?". Digital War. 2 (1–3). Palgrave Macmillan: 21–34. doi:10.1057/s42984-020-00029-4. ISSN 2662-1983. S2CID 258704949. One of the major tools highlighted by the author is Russia Today, the state-controlled international television network that is often cited by Russian trolls in their dissemination of Pro-Kremlin messages.
  17. ^ a b [14][15][16]
  18. ^ a b Moore, Matthew (10 February 2018). "Company behind Grenfell YouTube film has links to Kremlin – News". The Times. Archived from the original on 30 January 2021. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
  19. ^ O'Sullivan, Donie; Griffin, Drew; Devine, Curt; Shubert, Atika (18 February 2019). "Russia is backing a viral video company aimed at American millennials". CNN. Retrieved 23 July 2021. The pages are run by Maffick Media, a company whose majority stakeholder is Ruptly, a subsidiary of RT, which is funded by the Russian government.
  20. ^ "Interview: Dinara Toktosunova, Ruptly". IBC. 13 September 2017. Archived from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 31 January 2021.
  21. ^ Escritt, Thomas (28 February 2022). "Exclusive: Russian news agency in Berlin faces staff exodus over Ukraine invasion". Reuters.
  22. ^ opensanctions https://www.opensanctions.org/entities/NK-9UYTAsgNAmGt8CRFBTMBf2
  23. ^ "[Handelsregister] ★ HRB 140522". unternehmen24.info. Archived from the original on 19 March 2021. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
  24. ^ "RT launches 'RUPTLY' – full-service global video news agency," Archived 12 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine The Association for International Broadcasting ( Posted on 4 April 2013). Retrieved 20 February 2014.
  25. ^ "Production Company Registers Under the Foreign Agent Registration Act as Agent for the Russian Government Entity Responsible for Broadcasting RT". www.justice.gov. 13 November 2017. Archived from the original on 1 November 2020. Retrieved 2 November 2020.
  26. ^ "Ruptly inks deal with CCTV+ to boost business news coverage of China". www.filmfestivals.com. 27 February 2021. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
  27. ^ "Ruptly: The Beirut Blast Live – The Shorty Awards". shortyawards.com. Archived from the original on 27 July 2021. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
  28. ^ Brodkin, Jon (1 March 2022). "YouTube blocks RT and Sputnik as Russia tells media not to say "invasion"". Ars Technica. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
  29. ^ Bennetts, Marc (9 October 2017). "High steaks: the Vladimir Putin birthday burger that never existed". the Guardian. Archived from the original on 17 February 2021. Retrieved 27 January 2021.
  30. ^ "UAWire – Russia Today removes a fake video about New York 'Putin burger' from its YouTube channel". uawire.org. 10 October 2017. Archived from the original on 14 March 2021. Retrieved 31 January 2021.
  31. ^ "Kremlin Denies Involvement in Nothingburger-Gate". The Moscow Times. 9 October 2017. Archived from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 31 January 2021.
  32. ^ Yarst, Nik (27 November 2018). "Correction: Russian Media Outlet Claims Short Kerch Strait Ramming Video Was not Edited". POLYGRAPH.info. Archived from the original on 5 February 2021. Retrieved 31 January 2021.
  33. ^ Gold, Hadas (5 April 2019). "How a Russian-owned media outlet landed the first video of Julian Assange's arrest". CNN. Archived from the original on 2 October 2020. Retrieved 1 August 2020.
  34. ^ Broderick, Ryan (10 December 2018). "As The Yellow Vests Torched Cars In Paris, Millions Watched At Home On Facebook Live". BuzzFeed News. Archived from the original on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 1 February 2021. By focusing almost entirely on police violence against protesters, RT and its social video counterpart Ruptly are dominating Yellow Vests Facebook groups right now.
  35. ^ Bloomberg (10 December 2018). "France Investigates Possible Russian Influence on Yellow Vest Riots". The Moscow Times. Archived from the original on 18 January 2021. Retrieved 1 February 2021. Much of the tweeted material comes from Russian state media outlets including the Sputnik news website, the RT television network, and Ruptly, a German-based video news agency that belongs to RT. These outlets are covering the French crisis closely; RT has said that 12 of its journalists have been injured in the protests, far more than any other news organization.
  36. ^ Kirillova, Kseniya; Jukes, Peter; Komarnyckyj, Stephen (4 March 2020). "Big Lies and Rotten Herrings: 17 Kremlin Disinformation Techniques You Need to Know Now – Byline Times". Byline Times. Archived from the original on 23 January 2021. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  37. ^ Echols, William (11 December 2018). "Russia Deflects Blame for France's Yellow Vests". POLYGRAPH.info. Archived from the original on 26 November 2020. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  38. ^ "A Bible Burning, a Russian News Agency and a Story Too Good to Check Out". The New York Times. 11 August 2020. Retrieved 27 January 2021.
  39. ^ Graziosi, Graig (11 August 2020). "Video of Portland 'Bible burning' may have been Russian disinformation scam". The Independent. Retrieved 27 January 2021.
  40. ^ Perry, Douglas (11 August 2020). "How a Bible burning in Portland reveals Russia's efforts to upend the 2020 U.S. election". oregonlive. Retrieved 27 January 2021.
  41. ^ a b c d "Russian-backed sites keep targeting U.S. voters after Facebook actions". NBC News. 9 October 2020. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
  42. ^ a b "Report: Ruptly most watched news agency on YouTube". advanced-television.com. 27 January 2021. Archived from the original on 27 January 2021. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
  43. ^ a b Jarrett2018-09-13T09:36:00+01:00, George. "Interview: Matt Tabaccos, Ruptly". IBC. Archived from the original on 3 October 2020. Retrieved 29 November 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  44. ^ "Archive of the official site of the 2008–2012 Prime Minister of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin". Government of Russia. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 26 March 2020.
  45. ^ Перечень системообразующих организаций, утвержденный Правительственной комиссией по повышению устойчивости развития российской экономики [List of systemically important institutions approved by the Government Commission on Sustainable Development of the Russian Economy] (in Russian). government.ru. Archived from the original (DOC) on 27 December 2008. Retrieved 18 March 2015.
  46. ^ Правительство РФ приняло перечень системообразующих организаций [The Russian government has adopted a list of backbone organizations]. RBK Group (in Russian). Archived from the original on 20 December 2013. Retrieved 24 October 2014.
  47. ^ a b "Ruptly.tv – NewsGuard". Archived from the original on 22 October 2020. Retrieved 23 October 2020.
  48. ^ Davis, Charles (1 February 2018). "Grassroots' Media Startup Redfish Is Supported by the Kremlin". The Daily Beast. Archived from the original on 31 January 2019. Retrieved 12 February 2019.
  49. ^ Seldin, Jeff (24 November 2020). "Russian Influence Peddlers Carving Out New Audiences on Fringes". Voice of America. Archived from the original on 15 January 2021. Retrieved 27 January 2021.
  50. ^ a b Mason, Paul (25 November 2020). "Digital warfare will erode the distinction between the state and civil society". Global Current Affairs, Politics & Culture. Archived from the original on 27 January 2021. Retrieved 27 January 2021.
  51. ^ "Maffick Media GmbH, Berlin – Credit Report". www.firmenwissen.com. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
  52. ^ "Russia's Network of Millennial Media". Alliance For Securing Democracy. 15 February 2019. Archived from the original on 16 January 2021. Retrieved 2 November 2020.
  53. ^ Birnbaum, Emily (25 February 2019). "Facebook restores previously suspended Russia-linked pages". TheHill. Archived from the original on 7 November 2020. Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  54. ^ "Facebook Sued By Outlet Over "State-Controlled Media" Label – Tech". LawStreetMedia. 31 July 2020. Archived from the original on 26 September 2020. Retrieved 2 November 2020.
  55. ^ Seldin, Jeff (24 November 2020). "Russian Influence Peddlers Carving Out New Audiences on Fringes". Voice of America. Archived from the original on 26 November 2020. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
  56. ^ Rosenberg, Matthew; Barnes, Julian E. (11 August 2020). "A Bible Burning, a Russian News Agency and a Story Too Good to Check Out". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 4 January 2021.
  57. ^ Spiegel May 2014 Der Spiegel Archived 2 December 2019 at the Wayback Machine, The Opinion-Makers: How Russia Is Winning the Propaganda War, 30 May 2014.
  58. ^ Smith, Sonia (21 March 2018). "War of Words: Meet the Texan Trolling for Putin". Texas Monthly. Retrieved 2 March 2022. [Russell] Bentley [a vlogger originally hosted by Ruptly]... is a new kind of soldier in the information war, a freelancer who has garnered a loyal following precisely because he claims to be independent from state or corporate control. In truth, of course, he often echoes the talking points spun out by Russian news sources. And in that respect, he is part of an emerging crop of self-styled information warriors loyal to authoritarian regimes. "There are more of these actors cropping up in conflict zones around the world," said Tanya Lokot, an assistant professor at Dublin City University's School of Communications who studies how digital media has been used on both sides of the Ukrainian conflict. These actors include... Graham Phillips, a YouTube vlogger who moved to Donetsk after a stint in Kiev. Though their reach may be limited compared with the likes of Russian state media, the conspiracy theories they promote tend to ricochet around the web, making the leap from alternative media websites to Russian television, and after gaining traction on social media, burbling up to the mainstream. As a result, parsing the truth has become more elusive than ever.
  59. ^ Bright, Sam (24 July 2017). "The communist soldier using charity sites to fund his war". BBC News. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
  60. ^ Юркова, Ольга (15 July 2015). "British Citizen Exposed as a Tool of Russia's FSB". StopFake. Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 4 January 2021.
  61. ^ "NEW Webby Gallery + Index". NEW Webby Gallery + Index. Archived from the original on 9 May 2021. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
  62. ^ "The AIBs 2020". AIB. 23 September 2020. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
  63. ^ "White Square 2020 Winners Revealed". arabadonline. Archived from the original on 9 January 2021. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
  64. ^ "Best Multi-Platform Campaign in Social Media – Shorty Awards". shortyawards.com. Archived from the original on 25 November 2020. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
  65. ^ "Best use of Storytelling in Social Media – Shorty Awards". shortyawards.com. Archived from the original on 16 January 2021. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
  66. ^ "The Yellow Vests – The Shorty Awards". shortyawards.com. Archived from the original on 6 May 2019. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
  67. ^ Hayes, Melissa (9 May 2019). "Sky News, Joe Media and The Guardian win at the Digiday Media Awards Europe". Digiday. Retrieved 8 March 2022.
  68. ^ "Digiday nominates Ruptly for Video Team of the Year and Best Use of Live | AIB". aib.org.uk. Archived from the original on 2 October 2020. Retrieved 29 November 2019.

Further reading

[edit]
[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ruptly&oldid=1218805622#Organization"