Rayko Zhinzifov
Rayko Ivanov (Yoanov) Zhinzifov or Rajko Žinzifov, (Bulgarian: Райко Иванов (Йоанов) Жинзифов, Macedonian: Рајко Иванов (Јованов) Жинзифов; 15 February 1839 – 15 February 1877), born Ksenofont Dzindzifi (Cyrillic: Ксенофонт Дзиндзифи) was a Bulgarian National Revival poet and translator from Veles in today's North Macedonia, who spent most of his life in the Russian Empire.[1][2][3]
Biography
[edit]Zhinzifov was born in 1839 into a Graecophile Aromanian family in Veles in the Ottoman Empire, today in North Macedonia.[4] He initially studied Greek in Prilep at his father's school. In 1856, he was already an assistant teacher in Prilep at Dimitar Miladinov's school and a teacher in Kukush (modern Kilkis, Greece) afterwards.
In 1857–1858, Zhinzifov immigrated to Russia with the aid of Miladinov and enrolled at the Chersonesos high school in Odessa (modern Ukraine). Towards the end of 1858 he moved to Moscow, where he graduated from the Faculty of History and Philology at the Moscow University in 1864. Under the strong influence of the Bulgarian national revival ideas as a student he changed his name from his Greek birth name Ksenofont (Xenophontos) to the Bulgarian Rayko, advised by Georgi Rakovski; though, his teacher Miladinov had called him Rayko at school.
In 1863 he had issued his book New Bulgarian Collection including own and translated poems. Zhinzifov lived among the young Bulgarian diaspora in Moscow, along with Lyuben Karavelov, Nesho Bonchev, Konstantin Miladinov, Vasil Popovich, etc., and issued the Brotherly Labour magazine. In the Russian press of the time, Zhinzifov was particularly active in the information of the Russian society about the tough fate of the Bulgarian people under Ottoman rule. He co-operated with the Bulgarian newspapers Danubian Dawn, Macedonia, Liberty, Bulgarian Bee, Age and Time, the magazines Chitalishte, Periodical Magazine, Bulgarian Booklets, etc., publishing articles, poems, Bulgarian folk songs and a single tale. His poetical heritage has led to him been described as a Romantic poet. Among his notable translations was the first Bulgarian translation of Old East Slavic text The Tale of Igor's Campaign. He died in 1877, on his 38th birthday, in Moscow.[5]
In his works, Zhinzifov emphasized the Bulgarian consciousness of the Slavic population of his native Macedonia. In his eyes, "Macedonian" was merely a geographic and ethnographic area of the Bulgarian lands as opposed to a separate ethnic or national term (cf. Guslyar v sobor, Karvava koshulya).
in his honor Rayko Nunatak on Graham Land in Antarctica was named after him.
Notable works
[edit]- Кървава Кошуля (Bloody shirt)
- Гусляр в собор (Harper at a fair)
- Охрид
- Жалба (Lament)
- Гулаб (Pigeon)
- Вдовица (Widow)
- До българската майка (To the Bulgarian mother)
- Сон (Dream)
- Прошетба (a Walk)
References
[edit]- ^ Chris Kostov (2010). Contested Ethnic Identity: The Case of Macedonian Immigrants in Toronto, 1900–1996. Peter Lang. pp. 58–. ISBN 978-3-0343-0196-1.
- ^ Marcel Cornis-Pope; John Neubauer (2004). History of the Literary Cultures of East-Central Europe: Junctures and Disjunctures in the 19th and 20th Centuries. John Benjamins Publishing. pp. 359–. ISBN 90-272-3453-1.
- ^ Balázs Trencsényi; Michal Kopecek (January 2007). National Romanticism: The Formation of National Movements. Central European University Press. pp. 182–. ISBN 978-963-7326-60-8.
- ^ Кузман Шапкарев; Илия Тодоров; Николай Жечев; Петър Динеков (1984). "Материали за историята на Възражданието българщината в Македония от 1854 до 1884 г.". За възраждането на българщината в Македония. Неиздадени записки и писма (in Bulgarian). София: Български писател. p. 245. OCLC 11840960. Retrieved 17 September 2008.
- ^ Vojislav Ilić (1971). Živan Milisavac (ed.). Jugoslovenski književni leksikon [Yugoslav Literary Lexicon] (in Serbo-Croatian). Novi Sad (SAP Vojvodina, SR Serbia): Matica srpska. p. 594.
Sources
[edit]- Генчев, Николай; et al. (1988). Енциклопедия. Българската възрожденска интелигенция. Учители, свещеници, монаси, висши духовници, художници, лекари, аптекари, писатели, издатели, книжари, търговци, военни… (in Bulgarian). София. p. 739.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - "Биографични бележки — Райко Жинзифов" (in Bulgarian). Словото. Retrieved 17 September 2008.
- Георгиев, Емил (1980). "Райко Жинзифов. Поет патриот и славянофил". Люлка на старата и новата българска писменост (in Bulgarian). София: Държавно издателство Народна просвета. Retrieved 17 September 2008.
- "Райко Жинзифов" (in Bulgarian). Promacedonia. Retrieved 16 September 2008.
- Бакалов, Георги; Милен Куманов (2003). "ЖИНЗИФОВ, Райко (Ксенофонт) Йоанов (15.II.1839-15.II.1877)". Електронно издание "История на България" (in Bulgarian). София: Труд, Сирма. ISBN 954528613X.
External links
[edit]
- Works by Rayko Zhinzifov at Slovoto (in Bulgarian)
- Article about Zhinzifov (in Macedonian)
- Article about Zhinzifov's life in Russia (in Russian)
- 1839 births
- 1877 deaths
- People from Veles, North Macedonia
- Bulgarian male writers
- Emigrants from the Ottoman Empire to the Russian Empire
- People from the Ottoman Empire
- Writers from the Russian Empire
- 19th-century Bulgarian people
- Aromanian poets
- Aromanian translators
- Romantic poets
- Aromanians from the Ottoman Empire
- 19th-century Bulgarian poets
- Bulgarian male poets
- 19th-century male writers
- Bulgarian people of Aromanian descent