Jump to content

Quaternary compound

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Quaternary chemistry)
Quaternary ammonium cation. The Rs may be the same or different groups. (The Rs may also be connected, making a cyclic ion.)

In chemistry, a quaternary compound is a compound consisting of exactly four chemical elements.

In another use of the term in organic chemistry, a quaternary compound is or has a cation consisting of a central positively charged atom with four substituents, especially organic (alkyl and aryl) groups, discounting hydrogen atoms.[1]

The best-known quaternary compounds are quaternary ammonium salts, having a nitrogen atom at the center.[2] For example, in the following reaction, the nitrogen atom is said to be quaternized as it has gone from 3 to 4 substituents:

Other examples include substituted phosphonium salts (R4P+), substituted arsonium salts (R4As+) like arsenobetaine, as well as some arsenic-containing superconductors.[3] Substituted stibonium (R4Sb+)[4] and bismuthonium salts (R4Bi+) have also been described.[5]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "Onium compounds". doi:10.1351/goldbook.O04291
  2. ^ IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "Quaternary ammonium compounds". doi:10.1351/goldbook.Q05003
  3. ^ Ren, Z. A.; Yang, J.; Lu, W.; Yi, W.; Shen, X. L.; Li, Z. C.; Che, G. C.; Dong, X. L.; Sun, L. L.; Zhou, F.; Zhao, Z. X. (2008). "Superconductivity in the iron-based F-doped layered quaternary compound Nd[O1 − x Fx]FeAs". EPL. 82 (5): 57002. arXiv:0803.4234. Bibcode:2008EL.....8257002R. doi:10.1209/0295-5075/82/57002. S2CID 119268175.
  4. ^ Widler, H. -J.; Schwarz, W.; Hausen, H. -D.; Weidlein, J. (1977). "Tetramethyl-Arsonium- und -Stibonium-Methylchlorometallate des Galliums und Indiums". Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie. 435: 179–190. doi:10.1002/zaac.19774350124.
  5. ^ Nicholas C. Norman (1997). Chemistry of arsenic, antimony, and bismuth. Springer Netherlands. p. 316. ISBN 0-7514-0389-X.