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Quadrilateral group

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The Quadrilateral group or the Quad is an informal group which includes the trade spokespersons of Canada, the European Union, Japan, and the United States. It was first suggested at a private meeting during the 7th G7 summit in July 1981. Initially, a trilateral group was proposed (excluding Canada) because of the tensions between the two North American countries at that time but eventually, the Canadian Government successfully lobbied to be included.[1] The European Commission has avoided formalizing the group because of resistance from the European Union members, particularly France, who resent their lack of direct involvement.[1]

List of Quadrilateral meetings

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Location Date(s)[1]
Key Biscayne, Florida, United States 15–16 January 1982
Chateau d'Esclimont, France 12–13 May 1982
Tokyo, Japan 11 February 1983
Brussels, Belgium 29 April 1983
London, United Kingdom 16–17 July 1983
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada 26–27 September 1983
Islamorada, Florida, United States 2–4 February 1984
Erbach Im Reingau, Germany 28–30 June 1984
Kyoto, Japan 9–11 February 1985
Oba, Ontario, Canada 11–14 July 1985
San Diego, California, United States 16–19 January 1986
Sinta, Portugal 4–7 September 1986
Kashikojima, Japan 24–26 April 1987
Quadra Island, British Columbia, Canada 15–17 April 1988
Brainerd, Minnesota, United States 22–24 June 1988
The Hague, Netherlands 2–4 June 1989
Hakonemachi, Japan 12–14 November 1989
Napa, California, United States 2–4 May 1990
St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada 11–13 October 1990
Angers, France 12–14 September 1991
Fukushima, Japan 24–26 April 1992
Cambridge, Ontario, Canada 16–18 October 1992
Toronto, Ontario, Canada 12–14 May 1993
Tokyo, Japan 23–24 June 1993
Los Angeles, California, United States 9–11 September 1994
Whistler, British Columbia, Canada 3–5 May 1995
Ripley Castle, Yorkshire, United Kingdom 20–21 October 1995
Kobe, Japan 19–21 April 1996
Seattle, Washington, United States 26–28 September 1996
Toronto, Ontario, Canada 30 April–2 May 1997
Versailles, France 29–30 April 1998
Tokyo, Japan 11–12 May 1999

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c Cohn, Theodore H. (2002). Governing Global Trade: International institutions in conflict and convergence. Hampshire, England: Ashgate Publishing Limited. ISBN 0-7546-1593-6.