Qawwal Bacchon gharana
The Qawwal Bacchon Ka Gharana or Delhi Gharana is the oldest khayal gharana of the Hindustani Classical music tradition.[1] It was founded by Amir Khusrau (1253-1325) and his students in the 13th century.
History
[edit]The members of this gharana have lived in Delhi for many generations. The gharana was founded by Amir Khusrau, pioneer of qawwali, tarana, and khayal.[2] As a result, this gharana specializes in these genres.
Pedagogical genealogy
[edit]| Hazrat Amir Khusrau (progenitor) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Qawwal Bacchon (12 Disciples) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Zainulabdin Khan | Shakkar Khan | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Achapal Miyan (founder) | "Manarang" | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bade Muhammad Khan (luminary) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Meer Qutub Baksh "Tanras Khan" | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Umrao Khan | Ghulam Ghaus Khan | Bade Mubarak Ali Khan | Bade Murad Ali Khan | Waris Ali Khan | Bade Munnawar Ali Khan | Kutub Ali Khan | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sanghi Khan | Ali Baksh Khan & Fateh Ali Khan | Ghagge Nazir Khan | Wahid Khan (beenkar) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Abdul Rahim & Abdul Karim Khan | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Patiala Gharana Parampara | Mewati Gharana Parampara | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mamman Khan (founder) | Samman Khan | Sugra Khan | Kaley Khan | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Johan Khan (violin) | Chand Khan | Bundu Khan (sarangiya) | Usman Khan | Ramzan Khan | Mammu Khan | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Zahoor Ahmed Khan (violinist) | Hilal Ahmed Khan | Zafar Ahmed Khan (sitarist) | Shakil Ahmed Khan (tabalist) | Nasir Ahmed Khan | Mohammed Ali Khan (sursagarist) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Iqbal Ahmad Khan | Kamran Ahmed Khan | Imran Ahmed Khan | Tanvir Ahmed Khan | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Style
[edit]Members of this gharana approach raagdari with more freedom than the dhrupad-informed gharanas, like Gwalior, Jaipur, and Agra.[3] Emphasis on bhav and exposition are the hallmarks of this style.[4]
Repertoire
[edit]In addition to extensive khayal compositions, the gharana is known for its qawwals.[5]
Controversy
[edit]Some orthodox members of the Indian subcontinental or South Asian music world do not regard the Delhi gharana as an "authentic" one because its members include a number of tabla and sarangi players. Some believe these members do not represent a truly unique musical style. Scholars note the individual quality of each generation's leading singer. Though, this tradition is a gharana in familial terms.[citation needed]
It is strictly forbidden to play Sarangi in the tradition of the original Qawwal Bacche.[citation needed]
Exponents
[edit]- Amir Khusrau
- Ghagge Nazir Khan
- Wahid Khan
- Munshi Raziuddin
- Ustad Naseeruddin Saami
- Manzoor Ahmed Khan Niazi
- Fareed Ayaz
- Abdullah Niazi Qawwal
- Bahauddin Khan
- Tanras Khan
- Warsi Brothers
- Fateh Ali Khan
- Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan[6]
- Farrukh Fateh Ali Khan
- Rahat Fateh Ali Khan
References
[edit]- ^ "Dilli Gharana". Google Arts & Culture.
- ^ Ranade, Ashok Da. (2006). Music Contexts: A Concise Dictionary of Hindustani Music. Promila & Co. Publishers. pp. 54–114. ISBN 81-85002-63-0.
- ^ Te Nijenhuis, Emmie (1974). Indian Music: History and Structure. Belgium. p. 90.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ "Gharanas Of Hindustani Music - Hindustani Classical Gharanas - Hindustani Music Gharanas". www.culturalindia.net.
- ^ Imani, Alifiyah (20 August 2015). "Qawwal Gali: The street that never sleeps". Herald Magazine.
- ^ "1988 Interview". Outlook (India).