Portal:Mountains

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Uluguru Mountains, in Tanzania

A mountain is an elevated portion of the Earth's crust, generally with steep sides that show significant exposed bedrock. Although definitions vary, a mountain may differ from a plateau in having a limited summit area, and is usually higher than a hill, typically rising at least 300 metres (980 ft) above the surrounding land. A few mountains are isolated summits, but most occur in mountain ranges.

Mountains are formed through tectonic forces, erosion, or volcanism, which act on time scales of up to tens of millions of years. Once mountain building ceases, mountains are slowly leveled through the action of weathering, through slumping and other forms of mass wasting, as well as through erosion by rivers and glaciers.

High elevations on mountains produce colder climates than at sea level at similar latitude. These colder climates strongly affect the ecosystems of mountains: different elevations have different plants and animals. Because of the less hospitable terrain and climate, mountains tend to be used less for agriculture and more for resource extraction, such as mining and logging, along with recreation, such as mountain climbing and skiing.

The highest mountain on Earth is Mount Everest in the Himalayas of Asia, whose summit is 8,850 m (29,035 ft) above mean sea level. The highest known mountain on any planet in the Solar System is Olympus Mons on Mars at 21,171 m (69,459 ft). The tallest mountain including submarine terrain is Mauna Kea in Hawaii from its underwater base at 9,330 m (30,610 ft) and some scientists consider it to be the tallest on earth. (Full article...)

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A valley is an elongated low area often running between hills or mountains and typically containing a river or stream running from one end to the other. Most valleys are formed by erosion of the land surface by rivers or streams over a very long period. Some valleys are formed through erosion by glacial ice. These glaciers may remain present in valleys in high mountains or polar areas.

At lower latitudes and altitudes, these glacially formed valleys may have been created or enlarged during ice ages but now are ice-free and occupied by streams or rivers. In desert areas, valleys may be entirely dry or carry a watercourse only rarely. In areas of limestone bedrock, dry valleys may also result from drainage now taking place underground rather than at the surface. Rift valleys arise principally from earth movements, rather than erosion. Many different types of valleys are described by geographers, using terms that may be global in use or else applied only locally. (Full article...)

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The Supporters Range () is a rugged range in the Queen Maud Mountains of Antarctica. It is 25 nautical miles (46 km; 29 mi) long, bordering the eastern side of Mill Glacier, from Keltie Glacier in the north to Mill Stream Glacier in the south. So named by the New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition (NZGSAE) (1961–62) because several peaks of the range are named after supporters of Ernest Shackleton's British Antarctic Expedition (1907–09). (Full article...)

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A mountain range or hill range is a series of mountains or hills arranged in a line and connected by high ground. A mountain system or mountain belt is a group of mountain ranges with similarity in form, structure, and alignment that have arisen from the same cause, usually an orogeny. Mountain ranges are formed by a variety of geological processes, but most of the significant ones on Earth are the result of plate tectonics. Mountain ranges are also found on many planetary mass objects in the Solar System and are likely a feature of most terrestrial planets.

Mountain ranges are usually segmented by highlands or mountain passes and valleys. Individual mountains within the same mountain range do not necessarily have the same geologic structure or petrology. They may be a mix of different orogenic expressions and terranes, for example thrust sheets, uplifted blocks, fold mountains, and volcanic landforms resulting in a variety of rock types. (Full article...)

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Tony Yaniro (also spelled as Toni Yaniro, born 1961 or 1962), is an American professional rock climber known for his unique climbing style signature move, the "Yaniro" and for being the first-ever person to redpoint an 8a (5.13b) graded rock climbing route. He has been called one of the founders of modern climbing training and describes himself as the "father of sport climbing'. He has made a number of first ascents across difficult routes in the United States and is known for being a pioneer in hand grip development.

His approach to cross training and circuit training to train muscle groups for climbers has had a wide resonance beyond developing sport climbers. His training regimes have been used to develop climbing fitness and endurance in all types of climbers, and have been used by some of the world's leading alpinists and high-altitude mountaineers. (Full article...)

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General images

The following are images from various mountain-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1Mountaineers climbing in South Tyrol (from Mountain)
Image 2A mountain rescue team in Iran moving a casualty. (from Mountain rescue)
Image 3The Ocean Ridge, the world's longest mountain range (chain) (from Mountain range)
Image 4Choppering out the injured – with Mt. Forbes in the background (from Mountain rescue)
Image 5The northern Urals at high latitude and elevation have an alpine climate and barren ground. (from Mountain)
Image 6Antique climbing tools (from Mountaineering)
Image 7Cabane du Trient, a mountain hut in the Swiss Alps (from Mountaineering)
Image 8A stand of mountain birch at around 750 m in Trollheimen, typical of Scandinavian subalpine forests (from Montane ecosystems)
Image 9Iranian oak scrub in the Zagros Mountains (from Montane ecosystems)
Image 10British mountaineer William Cecil Slingsby became known as the father of Norwegian mountaineering and contributed greatly to its popularization with his classic book Norway, the Northern Playground (from Mountaineering)
Image 11The city of La Paz reaches up to 4,000 metres (13,000 ft) in elevation. (from Mountain)
Image 12Everest is highest from sea level (green), Mauna Kea is highest from its base (orange), Cayambe is farthest from Earth's axis (pink) and Chimborazo is farthest from Earth's centre (blue) (from Mountain)
Image 13Mountain rescue team members and other services attend to a casualty in Freiburg Germany. (from Mountain rescue)
Image 14Waimea Canyon, Hawaii, is known for its montane vegetation. (from Montane ecosystems)
Image 15Pirin Mountain, Bulgaria, part of the fault-block Rila-Rhodope massif (from Mountain)
Image 16An alpine mire in the Swiss Alps (from Mountain)
Image 17Alpine flora near Cascade Pass (from Montane ecosystems)
Image 18Stretcher box in Cumbria, England, prepositioned equipment saves mountain rescue teams having to trudge up mountains with it. (from Mountain rescue)
Image 19Fixed lines and ladders are distinguishing characteristics of expedition style mountaineering (from Mountaineering)
Image 20The Namcha Barwa Himal, east part of the Himalayas as seen from space by Apollo 9 (from Mountain range)
Image 21Edelweiss, a plant associated with mountain sports (from Mountaineering)
Image 22Tropical montane forest at around 2,000 m in Malaysia (from Montane ecosystems)
Image 23Illustration of mountains that developed on a fold that has been thrust (from Mountain)
Image 24Fuji volcano (from Mountain)
Image 25The Catskills in Upstate New York represent an eroded plateau. (from Mountain)
Image 26A subalpine lake in the Cascade Range, Washington, United States (from Montane ecosystems)
Image 27Climber approaching the summit of Manaslu at 8,163 metres (from Mountaineering)
Image 28Winter campers bivouaced in the snow (from Mountaineering)
Image 29Car of Horská služba (Czech Republic) (from Mountain rescue)
Image 30Montes Apenninus on the Moon was formed by an impact event. (from Mountain range)
Image 31Mountaineers proceed across snow fields on South Tyrol; other climbers are visible further up the slopes. (from Mountaineering)
Image 32Climbers ascending Mount Rainier looking at Little Tahoma Peak (from Mountaineering)
Image 33This 1848 "Sketch showing the actual elevation of the Snow Line in different Latitudes" by Alexander Keith Johnston shows the snow lines of mountains in America, Europe and Asia (from Snow line)
Image 34Chimborazo, Ecuador, whose summit is the point farthest away from the Earth's center (from Mountain)
Image 35Temperate montane forest in Bavaria, Germany (from Montane ecosystems)
Image 36Mount Everest, Earth's highest mountain (from Mountain)
Image 37Alpine landscape below Malyovitsa Peak, Rila Mountain, Bulgaria (from Montane ecosystems)
Image 38Edward Whymper (1840–1911), painting by Lance Calkin (from Mountaineering)
Image 39Mountaineers, c. 1900 (from Mountaineering)
Image 40Mont Blanc in Aosta Valley, Italy, the highest point in the European Union (from Mountain)
Image 41The Andes, the longest mountain range on the surface of the Earth, have a dramatic impact on the climate of South America (from Mountain range)

Selected skiing article

Goggles, or safety glasses, are forms of protective eyewear that usually enclose or protect the area surrounding the eye in order to prevent particulates, water or chemicals from striking the eyes. They are used in chemistry laboratories and in woodworking. They are often used in snow sports as well, and in swimming. Goggles are often worn when using power tools such as drills or chainsaws to prevent flying particles from damaging the eyes. Many types of goggles are available as prescription goggles for those with vision problems. (Full article...)