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Polish Ocean Lines

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Polish Ocean Lines
P.L.O
Native name
Polskie Linie Oceaniczne
Company typeJoint stock company
IndustryShip transport
PredecessorGdynia-Ameryka Linie Żeglugowe SA, Żegluga Polska, Polsko-Brytyjskie Towarzystwo Okrętowe
Founded2 January 1951; 72 years ago
Headquarters
Gdynia
,
Poland
WebsitePolskie Linie Oceaniczne SA

Polish Ocean Lines (PLO, Polish: Polskie Linie Oceaniczne) is a Polish commercial shipping company, with headquarters in Gdynia. The company was created in 1951 in a merger of three smaller shipping companies. Currently, PLO acts as a holding company for 12 other shipping companies.[1][2]

History

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Former PLO Building in Śródmieście, Gdynia

PLO was founded as a state owned company in 1951, with the merger of: Gdynia-Ameryka Linie Żeglugowe S.A. (Gdynia-America Line – GAL), Żegluga Polska (Shipping Polish) and Polsko-Brytyjskie Towarzystwo Okrętowe (Polish-British Shipping Partnership). After the creation of the company there was gradual development including buying more equipment and increased employment. From 1951 to 1954, the company was also a part owner the Sopot Grand Hotel. Tonnage of vessels increased in the 60s to reach the level of 800,000 DWT.

In 1967, due to the blockade of the Suez Canal, PLO ships, performing cruises to the Far East, were forced to circumnavigate Africa.

In 1969, the company's flagship ceased to be MS Batory, which was scrapped in 1971 with its place taken by the more modern TSS Stefan Batory.

In the 1970s tonnage increased further, and at the end of the decade was about 1,200,000 DWT with 176 ships bearing the mark Armatorski PLO. About 10,000 people were employed, of which nearly 80% were crew at sea. Freight reached 5 million tons. During that time ships engaged in freight shipping were moved to another state owned company, PŻM. This made it possible to consolidate the shipping sector in Poland. The transport of shipping containers was also started at this time.

The introduction of martial law in Poland in 1981 reduced turnover, which began to cause losses. The process restricted operations. Older ships were scrapped and some newer ones sold. By the end of the 80s the fleet had shrunk to 97 ships.

Systemic changes in Poland following the fall of communism in 1989 necessitated profound changes in the PLO, which had to be restructured. Savings were identified, activity reduced, and employment cut. On 29 June 1999 the state company was transformed into a joint stock company. By this stage, companies within the group employed only about three thousand people. Currently, there are attempts to increase PLO's participation in global maritime transport.[3][4]

Activities

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Currently the PLO group has 12 subsidiary companies, two of which are in liquidation. The most important is the company POL-Levant (POL-Levant Linie Żeglugowe Spółka z o.o.), whose main task is to provide profile strict shipping. It deals with, among others, maintaining the scheduled tonnage for conventional and RORO vessels in the Baltic, the North Sea and the Mediterranean.

Other PLO companies duties include the organization of supply vessels and the recruitment of crews.

Notable ships

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List of selected ships operated by Polish Ocean Lines
Name In PLO Service Fate Original owner
MS Warta / Prezydent Gottwald 1951 - 1954 First Polish post-war cargo ship since 6 May 1949; renamed on 19 March 1953;[5][6] illegally bombarded and seized by Republic of China Navy of the Kuomintang regime in West Pacific Ocean, 12 May 1954[7] Gdynia America Line
MS Batory 1951 - 1971 Became a temporary hotel ship in Gdynia, 1969. After 1970 sold for scrap to Hong Kong. Gdynia-America Line
TSS Stefan Batory 1969 - 1988 Sold to Sweden. Scrapped in Turkey, 2000. Holland America Line
MS Stalowa Wola 1951 - 1956 Sunk, 19 March 1956. Gdynia-America Line
MS Morska Wola 1951 - 1959 Scrapped, 1959. Gdynia-America Line
SS Narwik 1951 - 1972 Scrapped, 1970s Gdynia-America Line
SS Tobruk 1951 - 1968 Scrapped, 1968 Ministry of War Transport
SS Jedność 1951 - 1963 Scrapped, 1960s Ministry of War Transport
MS Jan Heweliusz 1977 - 1993 (Ownership only) Sunk, 13 January 1993 Polish Ocean Lines
MS Józef Conrad 1961 - 1974 Sunk after being bombed in Haiphong (Vietnam War), 1974 Polish Ocean Lines
MS Kliński 1951 - 1972 Scrapped in Hong Kong, 1973 Gdynia-America Line

Sources

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  1. ^ "Polskie Linie Oceaniczne S.A." Agencje (in Polish). Portalmorski.
  2. ^ Polskie Linie Oceaniczne SA
  3. ^ "Jak zniszczono Polskie Linie Oceaniczne". Pismo Niezależne (in Polish). Bibula. 25 February 2013.
  4. ^ "To nie PRL zatopiła Polskie Linie Oceaniczne - cd. dyskusji o upadku polskiej floty". Dziennik Bałtycki (in Polish). 18 January 2013.
  5. ^ "PREZYDENT GOTTWALD". Gdynia: Polish Ocean Lines. Retrieved 21 May 2023.
  6. ^ Sebastian (4 June 2012). "MV PREZYDENT GOTTWALD". Toronto, Ontario: Ships Nostalgia. Retrieved 21 May 2023.
  7. ^ Lin, Hung-I (2008). "Chapter 4，1953-1960" (PDF). 《封鎖大陸沿海──中華民國政府的「關閉政策」，1949-1960》 [Blockading the China coast: the "port-closure policy" of ROC government, 1949-1960] (M.D. thesis) (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Taipei: National Chengchi University. Retrieved 9 March 2021.
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