White-crested spadebill
| White-crested spadebill | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Tyrannidae |
| Genus: | Platyrinchus |
| Species: | P. platyrhynchos
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| Binomial name | |
| Platyrinchus platyrhynchos (Gmelin, JF, 1788)
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The white-crested spadebill (Platyrinchus platyrhynchos) is a species of passerine bird in the tyrant flycatcher family Tyrannidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.[1]
Taxonomy
[edit]The white-crested spadebill was formally described in 1788 by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in his revised and expanded edition of Carl Linnaeus's Systema Naturae. He placed it with the todies in the genus Todus and coined the binomial name Todus platyrhynchos.[2] The specific epithet is from Ancient Greek platurrhunkhos meaning "broad-billed" or "broad-beaked" (from platus meaning "broad" or "wide" and rhunkhos meaning "bill").[3] Gmelin based his description on the "Todi Leucocephali" that had been described and illustrated in 1769 by the German naturalist Peter Simon Pallas.[4] Pallas did not specify a locality but this was subsequently designated as Suriname.[5] The white-crested spadebill is now one of seven spadebills placed in the genus Platyrinchus that was introduced in 1805 by Anselme Gaëtan Desmarest.[6][7]
Four subspecies are recognised:[7]
- P. p. platyrhynchos (Gmelin, JF, 1788) – east Colombia through the Guianas and north Brazil
- P. p. senex Sclater, PL & Salvin, 1880 – east Ecuador, east Peru, north Bolivia and extreme west Brazil
- P. p. nattereri Hartert, EJO & Hellmayr, 1902 – central south Amazonian Brazil
- P. p. amazonicus Berlepsch, 1912 – east Amazonian Brazil
References
[edit]- ^ a b BirdLife International (2016). "Platyrinchus platyrhynchos". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22699641A93741402. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22699641A93741402.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
- ^ Gmelin, Johann Friedrich (1788). Systema naturae per regna tria naturae : secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (in Latin). Vol. 1, Part 1 (13th ed.). Lipsiae [Leipzig]: Georg. Emanuel. Beer. p. 446.
- ^ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 309. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
- ^ Pallas, Peter Simon (1769). Spicilegia zoologica : quibus novae imprimis et obscurae animalium species iconibus, descriptionibus atque commentariis illustrantur (in Latin). Berolini: Prostant apud Gottl. August. Lange. fasc. 6, p. 19, Plate 3, Fig. 2.
- ^ Traylor, Melvin A. Jr, ed. (1979). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 8. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 111.
- ^ Desmarest, Anselme Gaëtan (1805). Histoire naturelle des tangaras, des manakins et des todiers (in French). Paris. Livre 4 page 2, Plate 72 text.
- ^ a b Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (January 2023). "Tyrant flycatchers". IOC World Bird List Version 13.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 20 March 2023.
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