Parides photinus

Pink-spotted cattleheart
	Ventral view
	Mounted specimen on display at Museo di Scienze Naturali Enrico Caffi, Bergamo. Dorsal view
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Papilionidae
Genus:	Parides
Species:	P. photinus
Binomial name
	Parides photinus; (Doubleday, 1844)
Synonyms
	Papilio photinus (Doubleday, 1844); Papilio dares (Hewitson, 1867); Papilio thylodilus (Ehrmann, 1921); Papilio photinus f. escalantei (C. C. Hoffman, 1940);

Parides photinus, the pink-spotted cattleheart, is a species of butterfly in the family Papilionidae. It was first described by Edward Doubleday in 1844.

Description

Parides photinus has a wingspan reaching 90–100 millimetres (3.5–3.9 in). Adults are black with the hindwing having a blue-green metallic sheen, especially in the male. There are no wing bands. Two rows of red spots are found along the hindwing margin.^[1]^[2] The submarginal spots are strongly arched except for the upper two or three and the anal one; the latter is distinct on the upperside only in the female. The hindwings have short tails. The undersides are similar to the upsides. The larvae feed on Aristolochia grandiflora and A. asclepiadifolia.^[3]^[4] A full description is provided by Rothschild, W. and Jordan, K. (1906)^[5]

Distribution and habitat

This species can be found from Mexico to Costa Rica, in Nicaragua and in Honduras. It lives in forests, where it is common to abundant. Its range extends from the sea level to 5000 feet (1500 metres).^[6]

Gallery

Parides photinus from The Macrolepidoptera of the World, Jordan, K., in Seitz, A. (1907)
Parides photinus from New Species of Exotic Butterflies (1869). Plate: Papilio XI

Taxonomy

Parides photinus is a member of the ascanius species group ^[7] ("Fringe-spots white. Hindwing with submarginal spots and unusually also discal spots or dots, or a discal band; mostly with tail").A quadrate whitish spot in space 2 of the forewings is quite peculiar of the ascanius group^[8]

The members are:

Parides agavus (Drury, 1782) – Agavus cattleheart
Parides alopius (Godman & Salvin, [1890]) – white-dotted cattleheart
Parides ascanius (Cramer, [1775]) – Fluminense swallowtail
Parides bunichus (Hübner, [1821])
Parides gundlachianus (C. & R. Felder, 1864) – Cuban cattleheart
Parides montezuma (Westwood, 1842) – Montezuma's cattleheart
Parides phalaecus (Hewitson, 1869)
Parides photinus (Doubleday, 1844)
Parides proneus (Hübner, [1831])

References

^ "Winged Wonders". Oregon Zoo. 2005. Retrieved 19 December 2010.
^ Lewis, H. L. (1974). Butterflies of the World ISBN 0-245-52097-X Page 26, figure 21.
^ Savela, Markku. "Parides photinus (Doubleday, 1844)". Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Retrieved March 31, 2018.
^ Jordan, K., in Seitz, A. ( 1907) . The Macrolepidoptera of the World. 5: The Macrolepidoptera of the American faunistic region. Papilionidae 1-45. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^ Rothschild, W. & Jordan, K. (1906). "A revision of the American Papilios". Novitates Zoologicae. 13: 411-752. (Facsimile edition ed. P.H. Arnaud, 1967) This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^ Collins, N. Mark; Morris, Michael G. (1985). "Parides photinus (Doubleday, 1844)". Threatened Swallowtail Butterflies of the World: The IUCN Red Data Book. Gland & Cambridge: IUCN. p. 67. ISBN 978-2-88032-603-6 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
^ Edwin Möhn, 2007 Butterflies of the World, Part 26: Papilionidae XIII. Parides Verlag Goecke & Evers Verlag Goecke & Evers ISBN 9783937783277
^ Racheli, Tommaso an Olmisani. Luca 1998. A cladistic analysis of the genus Parides Hubner, [1819], based on androconial structures (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). Neue Ent. Nachr. (Marktleuthen),41:119-131.pdf

External links

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[oregonzoo-1] "Winged Wonders". Oregon Zoo. 2005. Retrieved 19 December 2010.

[2] Lewis, H. L. (1974). Butterflies of the World ISBN 0-245-52097-X Page 26, figure 21.

[funet-3] Savela, Markku. "Parides photinus (Doubleday, 1844)". Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Retrieved March 31, 2018.

[4] Jordan, K., in Seitz, A. ( 1907) . The Macrolepidoptera of the World. 5: The Macrolepidoptera of the American faunistic region. Papilionidae 1-45. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

[RothJord-5] Rothschild, W. & Jordan, K. (1906). "A revision of the American Papilios". Novitates Zoologicae. 13: 411-752. (Facsimile edition ed. P.H. Arnaud, 1967) This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

[threatened-6] Collins, N. Mark; Morris, Michael G. (1985). "Parides photinus (Doubleday, 1844)". Threatened Swallowtail Butterflies of the World: The IUCN Red Data Book. Gland & Cambridge: IUCN. p. 67. ISBN 978-2-88032-603-6 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.

[7] Edwin Möhn, 2007 Butterflies of the World, Part 26: Papilionidae XIII. Parides Verlag Goecke & Evers Verlag Goecke & Evers ISBN 9783937783277

[8] Racheli, Tommaso an Olmisani. Luca 1998. A cladistic analysis of the genus Parides Hubner, [1819], based on androconial structures (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). Neue Ent. Nachr. (Marktleuthen),41:119-131.pdf

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