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"Pimpernel" Smith

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"Pimpernel" Smith
Original theatrical poster
Directed byLeslie Howard
Written byA. G. Macdonell
Screenplay byAnatole de Grunwald
Ian Dalrymple (uncredited)
Story byA. G. Macdonell
Wolfgang Wilhelm
Based on
"'Pimpernel' Smith" (story)
by
Produced byLeslie Howard
Harold Huth (associate)
StarringLeslie Howard
Francis L. Sullivan
Mary Morris
CinematographyMutz Greenbaum
Edited bySidney Cole
Douglas Myers
Music byJohn Greenwood
Production
company
Distributed byAnglo-American Film Corporation (UK)
Release date
  • 26 July 1941 (1941-07-26) (UK)
Running time
120 minutes
CountryUnited Kingdom
LanguageEnglish

"Pimpernel" Smith (released in the US as Mister V) is a 1941 British anti-Nazi thriller,[1] produced and directed by its star Leslie Howard, which updates his role in The Scarlet Pimpernel (1934) from Revolutionary France to pre-Second World War Europe. The British Film Yearbook for 1945 described his work as "one of the most valuable facets of British propaganda".[2]

The film helped to inspire the Swedish diplomat Raoul Wallenberg to lead a real-life rescue operation in Budapest that saved tens of thousands of Hungarian Jews from Nazi concentration camps during the last months of the Second World War.[3][4]

Plot

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In the spring of 1939, months before the outbreak of the war, eccentric Cambridge archaeologist Horatio Smith takes a group of British and American archaeology students to Nazi Germany during the Long Vacation to help in his excavations. His research is supported by the Nazis because he professes to be looking for evidence of the Aryan origins of German civilisation.

However, he has a secret agenda: to free prisoners of the Nazis, including inmates of the concentration camps. During one such daring rescue, he hides disguised as a scarecrow in a field and is inadvertently shot in the arm by a German soldier idly engaging in a bit of target practice to frighten the prisoners digging in the field. He still manages to free a celebrated pianist from the work gang. Later, his students guess his secret when they notice his injury and connect it to a newspaper story about the wounding of the latter-day Scarlet Pimpernel. They enthusiastically volunteer to assist him.

German Gestapo General von Graum is determined to find out the identity of the "Pimpernel" and eliminate him. Von Graum forces Ludmilla Koslowski to help him by threatening the life of her father, a leading Polish democrat held prisoner by the Nazis. When Smith finds out, he promises her he will free Koslowski.

With Smith masquerading as a well-connected official responsible for creating the German-American Bund and his students pretending to be American journalists, they visit the camp in which Koslowski is being held. They knock out their escort and strip them and themselves of their clothes. Koslowski and 4 Germans who collaborated with him put on the uniforms and suits and escape with Smith. The students pretend to be unconscious until they are discovered during rounds, and then they threaten the camp authorities with horrible publicity in the American press.

By now, von Graum is sure Smith is the man he is after, so he stops the train transporting the professor, the students and various packing crates out of the country. The professor has mysteriously disappeared from the train. When von Graum has the crates opened, he is disappointed to find only ancient artefacts from Smith's excavations. The students slip across the border by joining a Cook's Tour group.

Smith comes back for Ludmilla. They flee on a train, but are caught at a border crossing by von Graum's men. Ludmilla, despite wanting to stay with Smith, is ordered to reboard the train. Von Graum gloats over Smith's capture and reveals that the invasion of Poland has begun that very night. He allows Smith to stand outside next to the border gate, ordering his men to leave them alone, hoping to shoot him "while trying to escape". Smith draws von Graum's attention to an artefact inadvertently left behind on the platform. Von Graum picks it up, then smashes it on the ground when Smith says it proves that there was no early Aryan civilization; the sound brings von Graum's men. When he turns toward them and orders them back, Smith vanishes across the border into the foggy night. Von Graum futilely shouts, "Come back!" Smith relies, "Don't worry. I shall be back. We shall all be back."

Cast

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Production

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Leslie Howard had been aware of the Nazis in Europe and had developed a film treatment in 1938 based on the rescue of an Austrian anti-Nazi leader.[5] The A. G. Macdonell story of "Pimpernel" Smith took the novel The Scarlet Pimpernel by Baroness Emmuska Orczy into modern times. Having played the leading role in the film The Scarlet Pimpernel (1934), Howard took on the updated project as the first film he directed and co-produced.[6][Note 2] Production on "Pimpernel" Smith began in early 1941.[7]

Throughout the film, Smith remains a shadowy figure, literally as well as figuratively. His face is often partially or completely concealed by books or lighting. His speech to von Graum pronouncing the Nazis' doom is delivered with most of it in shadow. The audience is rarely shown how Smith accomplishes his rescues. We have no idea how he extracted himself from the scarecrow. Meaningful glances from characters like the Cook's Tour guide and the innkeeper who reminds him of the time suggest that like the original Pimpernel, he has an unknown number of helpers. We are shown the secret behind his disappearance with Ludmilla when they emerge from the closet after the Nazis pursue them down the fire escape. “Almost ashamed to use that old trick,” he says “but it nearly always works.”

There is an incident during the Embassy reception that may provide a clue to Smith's history and motivation. It occurs at the 43-minute mark.[8] Smith wears three medals on the lapel of his ancient evening clothes. He asks the Embassy man who is taking the invitation cards for a light for his cigarette, and while the man is getting a match, Smith tears corners off some invitations and pockets his own. The man returns and lights Smith's cigarette. “Old Soldiers”, Smith says, pointing to the man's medals and to his own. “Yes sir!” the man replies, acknowledging a shared military experience and suggesting that Smith served during The Great War and witnessed its horrors. Near the end of the film, while he and Ludmilla are riding toward freedom. he quotes Rupert Brooke, one of the poets who became symbols of the Lost Generation. The quote is not from one of Brooke's war sonnets, but from The Old Vicarage, Grantchester, [9] written in 1912.

Reception

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The film was released in the UK on 26 July 1941. The Blitz had ended just 10 weeks before, on 11 May, and the British were suffering greatly. The film ends on 30 September 1939, the eve of the joint attack on the Republic of Poland by Nazi Germany, the Slovak Republic, and the Soviet Union.

Released in the United States as Mister V, the film review in The New York Times noted: "It is all absurd derring-do, of course, and it follows a routine pattern. It lacks the headlong course of the top-notch British thrillers. But "Mister V" becomes a tense excursion because of Mr. Howard's casual direction, and even more because of the consummate ease and the quiet irony of his performance."[10]

During the Second World War, films shown at Chequers were the only recreational activity available to Winston Churchill, who felt that "the cinema is a wonderful form of entertainment, and takes the mind away from other things."[11] "Pimpernel" Smith was the film which he chose to be shown in the wardroom of the battleship HMS Prince of Wales on 9 August 1941 to share with the ship's officers, as he travelled across the Atlantic for a secret conference with US President Franklin D. Roosevelt at Argentia in Newfoundland.[12]

According to Kinematograph Weekly it was the third most popular film of 1941 in Britain, after 49th Parallel and The Great Dictator.[13][14]

Inspiration for Raoul Wallenberg

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When "Pimpernel" Smith reached Sweden in November 1943, the Swedish Film Censorship Board decided to ban it from public viewing, as it was feared that such a critical portrayal of Nazi Germany could harm Sweden's relationship with Germany and thus jeopardise the country's neutrality in the Second World War. Raoul Wallenberg did, however, manage to see it at a private screening at the British Embassy in Stockholm, together with his half-sister, Nina Lagergren.[15][4]

She later recalled that on their way home after the screening, "he told me this was the kind of thing he would like to do."[16][4] Since 1941, Wallenberg had made frequent trips to Hungary, and knew how oppressed the Hungarian Jews were. He travelled as a representative and later joint owner of an export-import company that was trading with central Europe and was owned by a Hungarian Jew.

Following the mass deportations that had started in April 1944, Wallenberg was sent to Budapest in August 1944, as First Secretary to the Swedish legation, assigned under secret agreement between the US and Swedish governments to organise a rescue programme for the Jews. By issuing fake "protective passports" which identified the bearers as Swedish, he and others working with him managed to rescue tens of thousands from being sent to German death camps. He rented 32 buildings and declared them to be Swedish territory; eventually, almost 10,000 people were sheltered there.

In May 1945, "Pimpernel" Smith was released in Sweden without any age restrictions.[15]

Aftermath

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This film may have been one of the reasons why Leslie Howard was killed in 1943.[citation needed] The airliner in which he was travelling from Portugal to London on 1 June 1943 was shot down by the Luftwaffe. Others suggest it was a case of mistaken identity, and that German agents believed Howard and his theatrical agent and traveling companion, Arthur Chenhall, were Winston Churchill and Churchill's bodyguard, to whom they allegedly bore a resemblance.[citation needed]

See also

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References

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Notes

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  1. ^ Professor Smith is also addressed as "Horace" Smith in the film.
  2. ^ Howard also directed and co-produced The First of the Few (known in the U.S. as Spitfire) (1942).[6]

Citations

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  1. ^ "'Pimpernel' Smith (1940)." The Monthly Film Bulletin, Volume 8, No.91, July 1941.
  2. ^ Noble 1945, p. 74.
  3. ^ Linnéa 1993, p. 27.
  4. ^ a b c Hastings, Max (14 February 2016). "Raoul Wallenberg by Ingrid Carlberg". www.thetimes.com. Retrieved 16 September 2024.
  5. ^ Howard 1984, p. 64.
  6. ^ a b Costanzi, Karen. "Leslie Howard: Actor & Patriot." things-and-other-stuff.com. Retrieved: 2 January 2015.
  7. ^ Howard 1984, p. 99.
  8. ^ Leslie Howard & Harold Huth, Pimpernel Smith, British National Films, retrieved 17 September 2024
  9. ^ Brooke, Rupert (1934). The Complete Poems Of Rupert Brooke. Osmania University, Digital Library Of India. Sidgwick And Jackson Limited.
  10. ^ Strauss, Theodore (T.S.). "Pimpernel Smith (1941); 'Mr. V,' a British melodrama with Leslie Howard, opens at Rivoli." The New York Times, 13 February 1942.
  11. ^ Lavery 2007, p. 32.
  12. ^ Rohwer 2005, p. 91.
  13. ^ Blackout : reinventing women for wartime British cinema. Princeton University Press. 1991. p. 231.
  14. ^ Robert Murphy (2003). Realism and Tinsel: Cinema and Society in Britain 1939-48. Routledge. p. 204. ISBN 978-1-134-90150-0.
  15. ^ a b "Pimpernel Smith." Svensk Filmdatabas. Retrieved: 1 January 2015.
  16. ^ Furlong, Ray. "Wallenberg family mark centenary with plea for truth." BBC News, 8 August 2012. Retrieved: 31 January 2012.

Bibliography

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  • Howard, Ronald. In Search of My Father: A Portrait of Leslie Howard. London: St. Martin's Press, 1984. ISBN 0-312-41161-8.
  • Lavery, Brian. Churchill Goes to War: Winston's Wartime Journeys. London: Conway Publishing, 2007. ISBN 978-1-59114-103-7.
  • Linnéa, Sharon. Raoul Wallenberg: The Man Who Stopped Death. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1993. ISBN 978-0-82760-448-3.
  • Noble, Peter (ed.) British Film Yearbook for 1945. London: Skelton Robinson, 1945.
  • Rohwer, Jürgen. Chronology of the War at Sea 1939–1945: The Naval History of World War Two (Third Revised ed.). Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 2005. ISBN 1-59114-119-2.
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