Pidgin Hawaiian
| Pidgin Hawaiian | |
|---|---|
| Region | Hawaiian Islands |
| Era | mid-19th to mid-20th centuries, now endangered |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | None (mis) |
| Glottolog | pidg1249 |
Pidgin Hawaiian (or Hawaii Plantation Pidgin[1]) is a pidgin spoken in Hawaii, which draws most of its vocabulary from the Hawaiian language and could have been influenced by other pidgins of the Pacific Ocean region, such as Maritime Polynesian Pidgin. Emerging in the mid-nineteenth century, it was spoken mainly by immigrants to Hawaii, and mostly died out in the early twentieth century, but is still spoken in some communities, especially on the Big Island. Like all pidgins, Pidgin Hawaiian was a fairly rudimentary language, used for immediate communicative purposes by people of diverse language backgrounds, but who were mainly from Southeast Asian countries such as the Philippines and Indonesia. As Hawaiian was the main language of the islands in the nineteenth century, most words came from this Polynesian language, though many others contributed to its formation. In the 1890s and afterwards, the increased spread of English favoured the use of an English-based pidgin instead, which, once nativized as the first language of children, developed into a creole which today is misleadingly called Hawaiian Pidgin. This variety has also been influenced by Pidgin Hawaiian; for example in its use of the grammatical marker pau.
Henry kokoe pau[2] paina, wau[3] hele on[4] (Pidgin Hawaiian)[5]
'After Henry had eaten dinner, I went.'
Jesus pau teach all dis kine story. (Hawaiian Creole)[6]
'Jesus finished teaching all these kinds of stories.'
See also
[edit]Footnotes
[edit]- ^ Ikeda, Myra S. (2016). A Harvest of Hawaii Plantation Pidgin The Japanese Way. MUTUAL PUB. ISBN 9781939487582.
- ^ Literally 'finish', but probably used here to indicate a complete action.
- ^ 1st person singular marker.
- ^ Marker indicating that hele is an intransitive verb.
- ^ Siegel(2008). Siegel, Jeff. "The Emergence of Pidgin and Creole Languages". 2008. Oxford University press, p 82.
- ^ Da Jesus Book (2000: 43), quoted in Siegel (2008: 81).
References
[edit]- This article incorporates material from the Citizendium article "Pidgin Hawaiian", which is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License but not under the GFDL.
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