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Philippe, Duke of Vendôme

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Philippe
Grand prior of France [fr]
As a young man[a]
Born23 August 1655
Paris, France
Died24 January 1727
Paris, France
FatherLouis de Bourbon
MotherLaura Mancini
Signature

Philippe, Grand Prior of Vendôme (1655–1727) was a French general, a grand prior of France [fr] in the order of Malta, as well as an epicurian and a libertine.

He fought for Louis XIV from 1669, at the Siege of Candia, to 1705, at the Battle of Cassano, where he failed to join his brother Louis Joseph, Duke of Vendôme in battle. He fell in disgrace and left the French army. Being grand prior he hurried to Malta to defend it in 1715, but the Turks never came.

He spent time in Italy and was banned to Lyon when he returned. After Louis XIV's death the regent allowed him back to Paris and the court. The Grand Prior hosted a literary, philosophical, and libertine circle, known as the Temple Society [fr], of which young Voltaire was a member. In 1719 he sold his office of Grand Prior and died unmarried in Paris in 1727.

Family tree
Phillippe de Vendôme with parents and other selected relatives.[b][citation needed] He never married.[citation needed]
Henri IV
1553–1610		Gabrielle
d'Estrées
1573–1599
César
1st Duke
1594–1665
illegitimate		Françoise
de Lorraine
1592–1669
Louis
2nd Duke
1612–1667		Laura
Mancini
1636–1657		François
de Beaufort
1616–1669
Louis Joseph
3rd Duke
1621–1707		Philippe
1655–1727
Legend
XXXSubject of
the article		XXXDukes of
Vendôme		XXXKing
of France

Birth and origins

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Philippe was born on 23 August 1655 in Paris[1] and baptised together with his elder brother Louis Joseph in the Sainte Chapelle of the Château de Vincennes on 17 October 1656 by Cardinal Antonio Barberini.[2] Philippe was the younger of the two sons of Louis, Duke of Vendôme, and his wife Laura Mancini.[3]

His father was, at the time of his birth, styled duke of Mercœur, while his grandfather César was duke of Vendôme. César was an illegitimate son of Henri IV, who had created the second House of Bourbon-Vendôme for him in 1598.[4]

His mother was Italian, the eldest daughter of Baron Lorenzo Mancini and his wife Girolama, a sister of Cardinal Mazarin, chief minister of France. She was one of the Mazarinettes, as the cardinal's nieces were called.[5] Philippe's parents had married in 1651.[6][3]

Youth and Candia

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Philippe's mother died in 1657, when he was still an infant.[6] In 1661, aged seven, he became commendatory abbot of the Trinity of Vendôme. Cardinal Mazarin died in March 1661,[7] and Louis XIV, much less favourable to the Vendômes, started to rule by himself.

Philippe's grandfather César died in 1665. His father succeeded as the 2nd duke of Vendôme.[8] His brother became duke of Mercœur. The brothers inherited the Hôtel de Vendôme [fr] in Paris where César had lived.[9] They sold it to Louis XIV for 666,000 livres. Louvois had it demolished to create a royal square, the present Place Vendôme.

In 1666 Philippe joined the Knights of Malta,[10] becoming the chevalier de Vendôme. In 1667 his father, who had not remarried after Laura's death, was created Cardinal of Vendôme.

In 1669, aged 14, the Chevalier followed his uncle François de Beaufort in the French expedition to Crete.[11] Louis XIV wanted to please Pope Clement IX by helping the Venetians in the Siege of Candia.[12] Beaufort was admiral and commanded the sailing vessels, while Vivonne commanded the galleys.[13] The Chevalier fought in the desastrous sally undertaken by the French on 25 June, shortly after their arrival, in which his uncle went missing.[14]

On 6 August 1669, while the Chevalier was on Crete, his father died in France and his brother succeeded as 3rd duke of Vendôme.

The French at Candia were running out of resources and planned to leave. At the eve of their departure, the Chevalier organised a parley in an effort to find out what had happened to his uncle, but the Turks said they did not know.[15][c] The French left Crete on 31 August.[16].

In 1676 the Chevalier seduced Isabelle de Ludres, who had an affair with Louis XIV.

Dutch war

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The Franco-Dutch war (1672–1678) started with France attacking the Netherlands. In June the Chevalier fought under Louis, Grand Condé, at the Crossing of the Rhine, where he swam through the river[17] and captured two Dutch flags.[18] In 1673 he was at the Siege of Maastricht under Louis XIV and Vauban.[19] In 1674 he fought under Turenne against Imperial troops at Sinsheim, Germany. Turenne was killed in 1675.

The Chevalier spent the remainder of the war in the Spanish Netherlands under Marshal Luxembourg in at least five successful sieges. In April 1676 he fought at the siege of Condé.[20][21] In 1677 the Chevalier was at the sieges of Valenciennes, captured in March, and Cambrai, captured in April.[22][23] In 1678 he fought at the sieges of Ghent, 1 to 9 March, and Ypres, 18 to 25 March.[20][24] Except Ghent, these places became part of Vauban's Pré carré. The war ended with the Treaties of Nijmegen. France signed peace with the Dutch in August 1678 and with Spain in September.[25]

First interwar

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The Chevalier became grand prior of France [fr] end of April 1678 succeeding Henry d'Estampes de Valencay.[26][27] The pope had promised him the succession. The grand prior's seat was the Grand Prior's Palace [fr] at the Temple in Paris.[d] The two brothers moved in together. His friend Chaulieu entered into their service as secretary and financial adviser, probably in 1680.

An engraving showing the Grand Prior's Palace at the Temple in Paris
Grand Prior's Palace [fr] at the Temple, Paris[e]

A lover of literature, poetry, food, and drink, the Grand Prior, helped by Chaulieu, offered suppers at the Temple, where the members of the Temple Society [fr] met. The young Voltaire was one of them.[31]

In 1683 the Grand Prior spent some time at the English court, where he seduced Louise de Kérouaille, Duchess of Portsmouth, mistress of Charles II of England.

Nine Years' War

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At the beginning of the Nine Years' War (1688–1697), also known as the "War of the Grand Alliance" or the "War of the League of Augsburg", the Grand Prior served in Flanders. In 1690 he fought at the victorious Battle of Fleurus as a colonel under Luxembourg.[32][33] On 7 March 1691 he was promoted marechal de camp.[32] He fought together with his brother at the Siege of Mons, from 15 March to April 1691.[32][34] In September he took part in the cavalry attack on the Dutch rear-guard at Leuze.[32] In 1692 he was at the Siege of Namur in June and the Battle of Steenkerke in August.[35] In March 1693 he was promoted lieutenant general.[35] The Grand Prior and his brother were jealous of Conti. All three had excelled at Steenkerk, but Luxembourg singled out Conti as winner.[36]

In April 1693 the brothers were transferred to Italy to serve under Catinat.[35] In October they fought the Savoyards at Marsaglia,[37] where the Grand Prior was dangerously wounded.[38][39] In 1694 Catinat sent the brothers to Provence.[40] In 1695 Vendôme was transferred to Catalonia, whereas the Grand Prior stepped into his place[41] and fought at the siege of Nice under Catinat.[38]

In 1697 the Grand Prior joined his brother in Spain, where he fought under him at the Siege of Barcelona. The Treaty of Ryswick between France and Spain on 20 September ended the fighting.[25]

Second interwar

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In 1698 the Grand Prior quarrelled with Conti over a card game. Louis XIV sided with Conti and sent the prior to the Bastille.[42]

Spanish Succession

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The War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714) started in northern Italy, where Prince Eugen, fighting for the Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor, defeated French and Savoyard troops under Catinat at Carpi in July 1701. Catinat was replaced with Villeroy, who was likewise defeated at Chiari in September. Catinat, who had served under Villeroy at Chiari, was transferred to the Rhine, where the Grand Prior served under him in 1702. When Eugene took Villeroy prisoner in January 1702 at Cremona, Louis XIV appointed the Duke of Vendôme, the Grand Prior's brother, commander-in-chief in Italy. Vendôme rushed to Italy, arriving at Cremona in March.[43]

The Duke of Maine persuaded the king to let the Grand Prior join his brother in Italy, where he arrived shortly before May 1703.[44][45] In June Victor Amadeus II, Duke of Savoy, switched sides.[46] In 1704 Vendôme fought the Duke of Savoy in Piedmont while the Grand Prior, leading a separate army in Lombardy, prevented Prince Eugene from moving west to join up with the Duke of Savoy.[47]

In January 1705 the Grand Prior defeated the Imperials at Castiglione.[48] He also kept Eugene away from the south where the French besieged Mirandola, which fell on 10 March.[49] In May the Grand Prior held a line along the rivers Chiese and Mincio, and the Lake Garda.[50] In May Vendome came east and the two brothers met on the 19th on the Mincio,[51][50] but Vendôme soon returned to Piedmont.

In July Vendôme left Piedmont to La Feuillade and joined his brother at Ombriano,[52] taking over the command.[53] By August 1705 the French had been pushed back from the Mincio River to the Adda River. His brother sent him to Rivolta to pursue Prince Eugene who had feigned a retreat but then bypassed the Grand Prior and attacked his brother at Cassano. The Grand Prior stayed where he was and did not join his brother having received no order to do so. He was severely critisised by his brother and fell in disgrace at the court. He went to Paris and tried to see the king at Versailles but was not admitted.[54] By September he had lost all employment in the French Army.[55]

Later life

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The Grand Prior lived at Genoa with his cousin Marie Charlotte de La Porte de La Meilleraye [fr]. He then established himself in Rome, where he met the painter Jean Raoux, who had come to Rome in 1704. He met him again in Venice,[56] where he found him sick and cared for him. They went back together to Rome.

In 1708 Michel Chamillart spoke to the king in his favour. Louis allowed him to return to France but forebade him Paris and the court.[57] In October 1710 while travelling in Switzerland, he was held hostage in Chur, by Thomas Masner,[58] whose son was held in France. The Grand Prior was released in 1711, but the king still forbade him to attend the court or come to Paris.[59]

His brother, the duke of Vendôme, died in 1712. As he was married but childless, Louis XIV annexed the duchy into the royal domain,[60] claiming that the Grand Prior's vows as Maltese knight excluded him from the succession. The Grand Prior nevertheless now called himself duke. In 1713 he returned to Rome together with Jean Raoux from whom he commanded the four ages of man. In 1714 they are back and the Grand Prior houses Raoux at the Temple,[61] where he finished the four paintings of the cycle.[f]

At the end of January 1715, the grand master, Ramon Perellós, asked his knights to come to defend Malta as a Turkish attack seemed imminent.[62] The Grand Prior, still at Lyon, asked Louis XIV whether he could come and say good-bye before leaving. The king refused but gave him permission to travel to Malta.[63] The Grand Prior reached Malta in April.[64] The grand master appointed him commander-in-chief of all the troops of the order.[65] However, the attack never came. In October he was back in France,[65] where his friend Jean-Baptiste Rousseau celebrated him by an ode in the style of Horace. See the following extract:

Le Rhin, le Pô, l'Èbre, la Meuse
Tour à tour ont vu ses exploits,

The Rhine, the Po, the Ebro, the Meuse
One by one, have seen his achievements,[66]

A painted full-length portrait of Philippe de Vendôme, at the age of 69 with his dog and a open book in front of a landscape
Sixty-nine years old[g]

Louis XIV died in September 1715.[67] Louis XV was five years old. The regency was assumed by Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, who admired the Grand Prior.[68] He revoked the Grand Prior's banishment. The Grand Prior moved back into his palace at the Temple and was admitted to the court.[69] At the Temple he again presided the suppers of the Temple Society. In 1717 Voltaire wrote an epitre dedicated to him. In the following extract he declares himself a member of the Temple Society:

Je sais que vous avez l’honneur,
Me dit-il, d'être des orgies
De certain aimable prieur,

I know that you have the honour,
He told me, to attend the orgies
Of a certain kind prior,

In 1719 he sold his office of grand prior to the Chevalier d'Orléans, an illegitimate son of the regent.[70] He was paid in cash and shares of the Mississippi Company. Having sold his office, he became once more Chevalier de Vendôme. He also had to leave the Temple and moved into a townhouse in the Rue de Varenne [fr].[71] Jean Raoux moved with him.[71] His friend Chaulieu died in 1720.[72]

He planned to renounce his vows and marry but was in his sixties and could not find a suitable wife. In 1724 Raoux painted his portrait as an old man turning his back on military glory and love.

Death and timeline

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The Chevalier died unmarried on 24 January 1727 at his townhouse in the rue de Varenne.[73] His body was brought to the Temple before being buried in the church of the Chartreuse de Paris [fr]. With him died the name of Vendôme.[74]

Timeline
Italics for historical background.
Age Date Event
0 23 Aug 1655 Born in Paris[1]
1 8 Feb 1657 Mother died aged 21 in Paris[6]
5 9 Mar 1661 Cardinal Mazarin died.[7]
10 22 Oct 1665 Grandfather César died in Paris[8]
10–11 1666 Joined the Order of Malta[10]
13 5 Jun 1669 Departed for Crete with his uncle[11]
13 6 Aug 1669 Father died
14 31 Aug 1669 Left Crete[16]
14 5 Sep 1669 Candia surrendered to the Turks
22 Apr 1678 Became grand prior of France[26][27]
23–24 26 Jan 1679 Treaties of Nijmegen ended the Franco-Dutch War between France and the Empire.[75]
34–35 1690 Wignacourt succeeds to Carafa as grand master.[76]
34 1 Jul 1690 Fought at the Battle of Fleurus (1690)
34 30 Mar 1693 Promoted Lieutenant General[35]
41–42 1697 Ramon Perellós succeeds to Wignacourt as grand master.[77]
49 16 Aug 1705 Criticised for his behaviour at the Battle of Cassano
56 11 Jun 1712 Brother died in Spain[60]
57 11 Apr 1713 Peace of Utrecht ended the War of the Spanish Succession[78]
59 7 Apr 1715 Arrived at Malta to defend it[64]
60 1 Sep 1715 Death of Louis XIV; Regency until the majority of Louis XV[67]
63 7 Apr 1719 Sold his office as grand prior[70]
71 20 Apr 1719 Died in Paris[73]

Notes and references

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Notes

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  1. ^ Portrait of Philippe de Vendôme as a young man by Jacob Ferdinand Voet[citation needed]
  2. ^ This family tree is derived from written genealogies of the Vendômes (Anselme 1726, pp. 196–201).
  3. ^ Courcelles maintains that the Turks knew what happened, as the Grand Vizier, Achmed Köprülü, had his uncle's head cut off and sent to Constantinople (Courcelles 1823, p. 403), but Bigge reports that apparently the Turks showed bags full of heads to a French negotiator who could not find Beaufort's among them (Bigge 1899, p. [1].)
  4. ^ The grand prior's palace inhabited by Vendôme had been built 1665 to 1666 by Pierre Delisle-Mansart [fr] for Jacques de Souvré [fr]. It passed to Vendôme more or less unchanged. The courtyard, in form of a horseshoe was surrounded by a colonnade, during Vendôme's time. The columns were torne down in 1720[28] when the Chevalier d'Orléans became grand prior. The entire building is demolished in 1853.[29]
  5. ^ The picture was drawn by Jacques Rigaud [fr] and engraved by Jean Baptiste Rigaud [fr]. It is undated but must have been completed after 1649, when Louis Francois, Prince of Conti became grand prior, and before Jacques's death in 1754. The image looks south-east and shows the entrance on Rue du Temple [fr] with the courtyard and the house behind it. The top of the medieval Temple Tower looms behind its roof.[30]
  6. ^ One of the four paintings, "La Vieillesse" (old age) has been sold recently and is signed "ft. par. J. Raoux a Rome 1714"[citation needed]
  7. ^ Portrait by Jean Raoux (1724) belonging to the Louvre but permanently lent to the Musée Fabre at Montpellier. It shows the Chevalier de Vendôme bidding good-bye to his military career (arms hung at the tree on the right behind him) and to the pleasures of life (symbolised by the dancers) as he turns to study and méditation (open book at his left above the dog).[citation needed]

Citations

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  1. ^ a b Anselme 1726, p. 199, line 21. "... est né à Paris le 23. aoust 1655."
  2. ^ Anselme 1726, p. 200, line 4. "... baptisé avec son frère Philippe dans la Ste Chapelle du château de Vincennes, par le cardinal Antoine Barberin, grand aumônier de France le 17. octobre 1656."
  3. ^ a b Anselme 1730, p. 463. Paragraph on his mother
  4. ^ Anselme 1726, p. 196. "... reçut du roy son père le duché de Vendôme en 1598."
  5. ^ Hassall 1903, p. 20. "Laura Mancini married Louis of Vendome, Duke of Mercoeur, and eldest son of the Duke of Vendome, and brother of Beaufort;"
  6. ^ a b c Anselme 1726, p. 199, line 1. "Femme Laurer Mancini, fille aînée de Michel-Laurent Mancini gentilhomme Romain, & de Jeronime Mazurin, (sœur puînée de Jules Cardinal Mazarin, mariée à Pans le 4. février 1651. y mourut d'apoplexie dans l'hôtel de Vendôme le huit février 1657, en sa 21. année ..."
  7. ^ a b Hassall 1903, p. 161. "On March 9, 1661 Mazarin died ..."
  8. ^ a b Petigny 1882, p. 663. "Le 22 octobre de cette malheureuse année 1665, le duc César de Vendôm mourut à Paris ..."
  9. ^ Saint-Germain 1950, paragraph 4. "Le duc de Vendôme mort, ses deux petit—fils—le futur vainqeur de Steinkerque et le futur grand-maitre (sic) de l'ordre de Malte—s'entendent pour céder le vieil hôtel familial au roi ... pour 666,000 livres."
  10. ^ a b La Roque 1891, p. 250
  11. ^ a b Setton 1991, p. 224. "François de Bourbon, duke de Beaufort, left Toulon with the transports on 5 June (1669)."
  12. ^ Petigny 1882, p. 665. "En 1669, le roi, qui ne voulait rester étranger à aucun genre de gloire, équipa une flotte pour sécourir les Vénetiens, assiégés dans Candie par les Turcs."
  13. ^ Setton 1991, p. 223. "The naval armament was supposed to include 15 ships, 13 galleys, and three galliots under Beaufort, with the galleys and galliots, however, under the direct command of Louis Victor de Rochechouart, count de Vivonne."
  14. ^ Setton 1991, p. 225. "Beaufort, in the front line of the French assault, was struck with a musket shot, fell from his horse, and was never seen again."
  15. ^ Bardakci & Pugniere 2008, Chapter V. "La veille du départ de l'armée, le chevalier de Vendôme ... qu'il n'avait pas de nouvelles à leur donner de monsieur l'amiral."
  16. ^ a b Bigge 1899, p. 197. "Am Abend des 31. August erfolgte der gemeinsame Aufbruch sämtlicher Päpstichen, Französischen und Maltesischen Schiffe von Candia."
  17. ^ Quincy 1726a, p. 323, line 8. "... qui avoient passé à la nage, que l'ont remarque ici afin de transmettre leurs noms à la posterité. Le chevalier de Vendosme ..."
  18. ^ Quincy 1726a, p. 323, line 25. "Le Chevalier de Vendosme, qui n'avait qu dix-sept ans, prit un Étendard & un Drapeau qu'il porta à Roy."
  19. ^ Anselme 1726, p. 199, line 25. "...  au sîegc de Mastrick en l'année 1673."
  20. ^ a b Courcelles 1823, p. 404, line 9. "... au siège et la prise de Condé, en 1676; à ceux de Valenciennes, de Cambray et de sa citadelle, en 1677; enfin à ceux de Gand et d'Ypres, en 1678."
  21. ^ Pirenne 1920, p. 30, line 30. "Le 17 avril, Condé est assiégé et capitule le 26."
  22. ^ Anselme 1726, p. 199, line 26. "aux prises des villes de Valencienncs & de Cambray en 1677."
  23. ^ Pirenne 1920, p. 31, line 10. "Valenciennes capitule le 17 mars, puis Cambrai et Saint-Omer, investis en même temps, se rendent, le premier le 17 avril, le second le 19."
  24. ^ Pirenne 1920, p. 31, line 19. "... puis Gand (4 à 12 mars) et Ypres (18-25 mars) subissent le même sort."
  25. ^ a b Verzijl 1973, p. 143. "Nijmegen. Treaties of 10 August 1678 (France–Netherlands), 17 September 1678 (France–Spain) ...Rijswijk. Treares of 20 September 1697 (France–Netherlands, England–France, France–Spain)."
  26. ^ a b Anselme 1733, p. 550. "3. Henry d'Estampes, chevalier de Malte, grand-croix & bailly de son ordre, grand prieur de Bapaume, puis de France, abbé de Bourgueil, ambassadeur à Rome pour le Roy en 1652, mourut à Malte sur la fin d'avril 1678, en sa soixante-quinzième année."
  27. ^ a b Quincy 1726a, p. 655. "Henry d'Estampes Valancé Grand Prieur de France à Malthe: le Chevalier de Vandôme lui succéda."
  28. ^ Curzon 1888, p. 139. "En 1720, le grand prieur, chevalier d'Orléans, fit entreprendre divers changements ... La belle colonnade de la cour, peut-êlre mal construite, fut remplacée par une vulgaire allée de tilleuls taillés en arcades "
  29. ^ Curzon 1888, p. 142. "Enfin en 1833 on le [the prior's palace] démolit ..."
  30. ^ Sire 1993, p. 133. "Seventeenth-century prioral palace of the Temple. Paris"
  31. ^ Petigny 1882, p. 677, line 21. "Voltaire, fort jeune encore, fut admis dans cette cour ... "
  32. ^ a b c d Courcelles 1823, p. 404, line 10. "... il se distingua à la bataille de Fleurus, en 1680, et fut crée maréchal-de-camp, le 7 mars 1691. La même année il servit au siège de Mons, et combattit à Leuse, le 18 septembre, sous le maréchal de Luxembourg."
  33. ^ Pirenne 1920, p. 41 line 6. "Le 1er juillet 1690, le maréchal de Luxembourg attaquait Waldeck à Fleurus et lui faisait subir une sanglante défaite."
  34. ^ Quincy 1726b, p. 345. "En la Maison-Dieu de Pitié / Monsieur le Duc de Vendôme lieutenant général / Monsieur le Grand Prieur de France maréchal de camp"
  35. ^ a b c d Courcelles 1823, p. 404, line 16. "En 1692, il commanda une brigade au siège et à la prise de la ville et du château de Namur, et au combat de Steinkerque. Il fut promu au grade de lieutenant-général, le 30 mars 1693 et employé par lettres du 27 avril à lármée d'Italie."
  36. ^ Saint-Simon 1879a, p. 185. "La jalousie de M. de Vendôme, en tout genre, contre le prince de Conti, n'osant s'en prendre ouvertement à lui, l'avoit brouillé avec M. de Luxembourg."
  37. ^ Petigny 1882, p. 677, line 13. "... il s'était distingué à côté de son frère à Steinkerque, à Marsaille, au passage du Rhin."
  38. ^ a b Anselme 1726, p. 199, line 32. "Sîgnala fort à la bataille de la Marsaille en Piémont le quatre d'octobrc, & fut blessé dangereusement à la cuisse. Il fit la campagne de l'année 1694 sous le maréchal Catinat: & étant à Nice en 1695."
  39. ^ Quincy 1726b, p. 900. "Quoique M. le Grand Prieur eut reçû un coup de feu à la cuisse ..."
  40. ^ Saint-Simon 1879a, p. 159. "MM. de Vendôme passèrent presque toute la campagne en Provence, où le maréchal Catinat les avoit détaché ..."
  41. ^ Saint-Simon 1879a, p. 288. "M. de Vendôme, qui obtint en même temps pour le grand prieur, son frère, le commandement de ce corps séparé vers Nice."
  42. ^ Saint-Simon 1879b, p. 313. "Le Roi lui manda qu'il lui [the Grand Prior] défendoit de se présenter devant lui, et lui ordonna de s'en aller sur-le-champ à la Rastille,"
  43. ^ Quincy 1726c, p. 634. "... parti de Paris le 10. de Février, & arriva le premier de Mars à Crémone."
  44. ^ Quincy 1726d, p. 152. "... Grand-Prieur qui étoit arrivé en Italie quelque temps auparavant pour y sèrvir en qualité de Lieutenant Gêneral."
  45. ^ Saint-Simon 1895, p. 74. "Parlant d'Italie, M. du Maine obtint avec grand paine que le Grand Prieur allat servir sous son frère en Italie ..."
  46. ^ > Lynn 1999, p. 211. "On 2 June French residents in Turin were arrested ..."
  47. ^ Saint-Simon 1896, p. 26. "Tout de suite le Grand Prieur, si mal avec le roi, et qui avoit eu tant de peine à servir, puis à aller avec son frère, fur envoyé commander les troupes dans le Mantouan et le Milanous ..."
  48. ^ Michaud junior 1854, p. 108, right column, line 1. "... leur fit essouyer un échec considérable auprés de Castiglione, le 31 Janvier 2005  ..."
  49. ^ Lynn 1999, p. 301, top. "Mirandola fell to the French on 10 May [1705] before Eugene could relieve it.
  50. ^ a b Lynn 1999, p. 301, middle. "After the fall of Mirandola Vendome marched east, where Eugene's army defended a line agond the Chiese, the Mincio and the lake Garda."
  51. ^ Quincy 1726c, p. [ 585]. "M. de Vendôme de son coté après avoir mis les bords du Mincio en sureté par de bons retranchements depuis Perchiera jusqu'à Goïto partit le 19 may de Monzambano, & se rendit le même jour au camp du Grand-Prieur."
  52. ^ Quincy 1726d, p. [ 603]. "M. le Grand-Prieur alla de Ton c6té camper à Ombciano oè le Duc de Vendôme le joignit le 14 [July]."
  53. ^ Lynn 1999, p. 301, bottom. "On 26 Juny Vendome left troops in the siege lines and came out to join with Grand-Prieur against Eugene."
  54. ^ Saint-Simon 1923, p. 471. "... il n'a revu le Roi de sa vie."
  55. ^ Courcelles 1823, p. 405. "Mais le peu de diligence que ce général mis dans ses mouvements, dans l'affaire de Cassano, le fit rappeller par la cour. Il arriva à Clichy près de Paris, le 24 septembre, et n'eut plus de commandement dans les armées du roi."
  56. ^ Dezallier d'Argenville 1752, p. 260. "Il partit en l'année 1704, & l'étude des grands Maîtres fut son principal objet à Rome; après un séjour dé trois ans à l'Académie un Noble Vénitien le fit venir à Venise & l'entretint pendant deux autres années."
  57. ^ Saint-Simon 1902, p. 22 ps=. "Il avoit eu permission de revenir en France où il voudroit, à condition de n'approcher de Paris ni de la cour plus près de quarante lieues, excepté pour voir son frère un jour ou deux à la Ferté-Alais**."
  58. ^ Saint-Simon 1910, p. 452. "... Masner a eu la hardiesse, le 28 octoble 1710, de mettre de nouveau la main sur S. A. M. [Son Altesse Monseigneur] de Vendome  ..."
  59. ^ Saint-Simon 1910, p. 168, line 9. "... permission du Roi [for the grand prior] de venir démeurer à Lyon, mais sans approcher la cour ni Paris ..."
  60. ^ a b La Chenaye-Desbois 1876, p. 568, right column. "Sa postérité en a joui jusqu'au 11  Juin 1712, qu'il fut réuni à la Couronne, & la Pairie éteinte, par le décès sans enfants de Louis-Joseph, Duc de Vendôme."
  61. ^ Benezit 2006, p. 672. "He did not return to Paris until 1714."
  62. ^ Dangeau 1858b, p. 350. "Les chevaliers de Malte ont reçu leur dernière citation; ils ont ordre de se rendre à Malte au commencement d'avril. Le grand maître envoie les vaisseaux de la religion à Marseille ..."
  63. ^ Saint-Simon 1914, p. 135. "... Le grand prior qui faisait toujours son sejour à Lyon, fit demander au roi la permission de venir prendre congé de lui pou y aller. Il fut refusé de voir le Roi et de sápprocher de Paris, et eut liberté de se rendre à Malte."
  64. ^ a b Anselme 1726, p. 199, line 46. "... il [Philip] passa en 1715 à Malthe au secours de sa religion, menacée par les Turcs; y arriva le 7. avril;"
  65. ^ a b Courcelles 1823, p. 405. "Lorsque le Sultan Achmed III déclara la guerre aux Vénétiens, et menaça líle de Malte, en 1715, le Grand Prieur de Vendôme fut nommé généralissime des troupes de la réligion, mais, les desseins des Ottomans n'ayant pas eu d'exécution, il revint en France, au mois d'octobre de la même année."
  66. ^ Rousseau 1851, p. 150. As cited
  67. ^ a b Goubert 1984, p. 406, line 5. "1715, 1er septembre: Mort de Louis XIV."
  68. ^ Saint-Simon 1919, p. 68. "[Le Grand Prieur était] revenu aussitôt après la mort du Roi, considéré, même respecté de M le duc d'Orléans qui avait toujours été le jaloux admirateur ..."
  69. ^ Dangeau 1859, p. 199. "M. le grand prieur revient à la cour; on lui fait déjà meubler le grand prioré."
  70. ^ a b Dangeau 1858a, p. 173. "Il vendit en 1719 son grand prieuré de France ..."
  71. ^ a b Dezallier d'Argenville 1752, p. 263. "Lorsque M. de Vendôme céda son Grand-Prieuré au Chevalier d'Orléans, il alla loger dans la rue de Varenne; Raoux l'y suivit & ne le quitta qu'à sa mort."
  72. ^ Chisholm 1910, s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Chaulieu, Guillaume Amfrye de. "Chaulieu died on the 27th of June 1720."
  73. ^ a b Michaud junior 1854, p. 108, right column, line 47. "... il mourut le 24 janvier 1727 ..."
  74. ^ Vertot 1855, p. 277. "... le nom de Vendôme s'éteignit pour ne plus revivre."
  75. ^ Lynn 1999, p. 156, line 33. "... the French and Dutch signed the Treaty of Nijmegen on 10 August [1678]. ... and peace followed with the emperor on 6 February 1679 [N.S.]."
  76. ^ Vertot 1855, p. 272, line 9. "(1690) Mort du grand maître. Les suffrages se réunissent en faveur de frère Adrien de Vignacourt, grand trésorier de l'Ordre."
  77. ^ Vertot 1855, p. 272, line 21. "(1697) Mort du grand maître; les électeurs se réunissent en faveur de frère Raimond Perellos de Roccafoull , de la langue d'Aragon."
  78. ^ Miller 1971, p. 147, line 8. "On 11 April 1713 the peace was signed at Utrecht: in return for the acknowledgement of his grandson as Philip V of Spain, Louis had had to recognize the Hanoverian and Protestant succession in England."

Sources

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Philippe, Duke of Vendôme.
Philippe, Duke of Vendôme
Cadet branch of the House of Bourbon
Born: 23 August 1655  Died: 24 January 1727
French nobility
Preceded by Duc de Vendôme
1712–1727 		Extinct
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